An overview of science evaluation in Poland and Croatia

Science is considered to be the driving force of society and the economy; therefore, adequate evaluation and allocation of funds are necessary for achieving this. This paper briefly presents issues of the trends in the evaluation of scientific activities in Poland and Croatia. Based on the literature review, differences in the evaluation systems of individual countries have been noted, as well as several recommendations.

Evaluasi Pendidikan Menuju Insan Kamil Perspektif Filsafat Islam

This article aims to learn how to conduct an adequate evaluation using approaches based on Islamic philosophy. Because inconsistencies in the implementation of educational assessments can lead to less than optimal results after inspection, this requires appropriate methods for the full review. The author made this article with a library approach, collecting materials from library books, research reports, newspapers, books, research reports, theses, dissertations, and scientific journals in print and non-print media. In Islamic education, the purpose of the evaluation is to make al-Insan al-Kamil human or a complete human person. Likewise, the purpose of education is to educate students to have faith, be pious, develop a religious mentality, master science, and apply what has been learned in school to adapt to the life of the wider community. Evaluation can also provide feedback to students about their achievements and the extent of their perspectives and knowledge during the learning process. Philosophy also educates people to think, have insight, and reason broadly to view an event or problem from various perspectives, with the result being the correct answer.

Chemical Characterization of Coffee Husks, a By-Product of Coffea arabica Production

Coffee husks are a major by-product of coffee production and are currently being underutilized. The aim of this work was to chemically characterize coffee husks to allow for an adequate evaluation of their potential for valorization. Blanched and non-blanched coffee husks were characterized for extractable and non-extractable phenolics, caffeine, trigonelline content, and for their polysaccharide and proximal composition. The total, soluble and insoluble fiber contents were determined, together with the husks’ technological properties. Antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of coffee husks were evaluated. Two types of husk were studied: one comprised mostly of outer skin and pulp (CH1); and other comprised mostly of parchment (CH2). Blanching had positive effects on non-extractable phenolics, chlorogenic acid and on the bioaccessibility of phenolics, promoting small reductions in extractable phenolics, protocathecuic acid, caffeine and trigonelline contents. Blanched CH1 presented more appropriate properties than CH2 for potential applications in food. It also presented better antioxidant, hydration, and oil holding properties than those of other agri-food by-products. Tentatively identified polysaccharides included galactomannans, arabinogalactans type II, pectin and cellulose.

Diet-related urine collections: assistance in categorization of hyperoxaluria

Hyperoxaluria, one of the major risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, causes significant morbidity and mortality and should therefore be detected and treated as soon as possible. An early, consequent and adequate evaluation, but also a distinction between primary (PH) and secondary hyperoxaluria (SH) is therefore essential. We evaluated the usefulness of three consecutive 24-h urine collections under different diets [usual diet, (A), low oxalate diet, (B), high oxalate diet, (C)] to prove SH, or to find evidence of PH by changes in urinary oxalate excretion (Uox). We retrospectively analyzed results from 96 pediatric patients (47 females and 49 males, age 3–18 years) who presented with a history of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and/or persistent hematuria in whom hyperoxaluria was found in an initial urine sample. The typical pattern of SH was found in 34 patients (mean Uox (A) 0.85 ± 0.29, (B) 0.54 ± 0.15 and (C) 0.95 ± 0.28 mmol/1.73m2/d). PH was suspected in 13 patients [(A) 1.21 ± 0.75; (B) 1.47 ± 0.51 and (C) 1.60 ± 0.82 mmol/1.73m2/d], but genetically proven only in 1/5 patients examined. No hyperoxaluria was found in 16 patients. Data were inconclusive in 33 patients. Urine collection under different diets is helpful to diagnose secondary hyperoxaluria and may provide evidence, that urinary oxalate excretion is normal. We have now established this procedure as our first diagnostic step before further, more extensive and more expensive evaluations are performed.

Comparing Sources of Disruptions to Telemedicine-Enabled Stroke Care in an Ambulance

Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand the nature and source of disruptions in an ambulance during the telemedicine-based caregiving process for stroke patients to enhance the ambulance design for supporting telemedicine-based care. Background: Telemedicine is emerging as an efficient approach to provide timely remote assessment of patients experiencing acute stroke in an ambulance. These consults are facilitated by connecting the patient and paramedic with a remotely located neurologist and nurse using cameras, audio systems, and computers. However, ambulances are typically retrofitted to support telemedicine-enabled care, and the placement of these systems inside the ambulance might lead to spatial challenges and disruptions during patient evaluation. Method: Video recordings of 13 simulated telemedicine-based stroke consults were coded and analyzed using an existing systems-based flow disruption (FD) taxonomy. For each observed disruption—the type, severity or impact, location in the ambulance, and equipment involved in the disruption were recorded. Results: Seat size, arrangement of assessment equipment, location of telemedicine equipment (computer workstation), and design of telemedicine camera were among the factors that impacted telemedicine-related disruptions. The left ambulance seat zone and head of the patient bed were more involved in environmental hazard–related disruptions, while the right zone of the ambulance was more prone to interruptions and communication-related disruptions. Conclusion: Adequate evaluation space for the paramedic, proper placement of evaluation equipment, and telemedicine computer location could facilitate the stroke care evaluation process and reduce FDs in the ambulance.

Hegel's A Priori and the Critique of Three Aprioristic Readings of the Science of Logic

The goal of my essay is to clarify the status of the a priori in Hegel's Science of Logic. My claim is that in order to make possible an appreciation of the originality of Hegel's position we need to map a context of discussion and to dissolve a set of preconceptions about Hegel's idea of philosophy. My argument will be articulated in two parts. In the first part, I will analyse four possible positions regarding the issue of the aprioricity of the Logic, I will defend a fifth position, and I will draw a distinction between apriorism and a priori. In the second part, I will examine three distinct charges of apriorism against Hegel's Logic: the charge of assuming God's point of view of the universe, the charge of vicious circularity between the beginning and the end of the Logic, the charge of self-sufficiency of the Logic. As a result, I hope to show that these charges are unfounded, and to clear the ground for an adequate evaluation of Hegel's own sublation (Aufhebung) of the a priori/a posteriori divide.

Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners

The study’s purpose was to describe a population of individuals who experienced gender dysphoria, chose to undergo medical and/or surgical transition and then detransitioned by discontinuing medications, having surgery to reverse the effects of transition, or both. Recruitment information with a link to an anonymous survey was shared on social media, professional listservs, and via snowball sampling. Sixty-nine percent of the 100 participants were natal female and 31.0% were natal male. Reasons for detransitioning were varied and included: experiencing discrimination (23.0%); becoming more comfortable identifying as their natal sex (60.0%); having concerns about potential medical complications from transitioning (49.0%); and coming to the view that their gender dysphoria was caused by something specific such as trauma, abuse, or a mental health condition (38.0%). Homophobia or difficulty accepting themselves as lesbian, gay, or bisexual was expressed by 23.0% as a reason for transition and subsequent detransition. The majority (55.0%) felt that they did not receive an adequate evaluation from a doctor or mental health professional before starting transition and only 24.0% of respondents informed their clinicians that they had detransitioned. There are many different reasons and experiences leading to detransition. More research is needed to understand this population, determine the prevalence of detransition as an outcome of transition, meet the medical and psychological needs of this population, and better inform the process of evaluation and counseling prior to transition.

EVALUATION OF IMMUNOGENICITY AND PTOTECTIVENESS OF THE VACCINIA VIRUS LIVP-GFP IN THREE LABORATORY ANIMAL SPECIES

Smallpox eradication and absence of adequate animal model of smallpox infection causes necessity of the assessment of immunogenic and protective properties of the created by genetic engineering approaches live attenuated smallpox vaccines in several animal models of orthopoxviral infections. In this research comparison of the immunogenic and protective properties of the recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) LIVP-GFP after intradermal (i/d) injection to mice, guinea pigs and rabbits were carried out. Doses of LIVP-GFP immunization in all animal species were 2x104 or 2x106 pfu. Control animals were injected with saline. Blood sampling was done on 28 day after virus LIVP-GFP or saline injection. Blood samples were taken intravitally from the retro-orbital venous sinus of mice, from heart of guinea pigs or marginal ear vein of rabbits. Serum was isolated from blood samples by precipitating blood cells via centrifugation. The anti-VACV IgG titers in the serum samples were determined by ELISA. On 30 day of the experiment immunized by virus LIVP-GFP or control animals were intranasal infected with lethal doses of the corresponding orthopoxviruses to which every animal species was sensitive. Mice were infected by cowpox virus (CPXV) strain GRI-90 in dose 68 LD50, guinea pigs - by VACV GPA in dose 56 LD50, rabbits – by VACV HB-92 in dose 100 LD50. All control animals after that were died, but all animals immunized by attenuated recombinant virus LIVP-GFP in dose 2x106 pfu were survived. In case of the LIVP-GFP immunization dose 2x104 pfu 88% of mice were survived after CPXV infection, 67% of rabbits were survived after VACV HB-92 infection, and 50% of guinea pigs were survived after VACV GPA infection. ELISA data of the blood serums had shown correlation of the levels of VACV-specific antibodies with levels of protection in the corresponding animals. On the basis of the obtained data it could be concluded that all three studied models animal-orthopoxvirus allow give an adequate evaluation of immunogenicity and protectiveness of the created modern attenuated vaccines against smallpox and other orthopoxviral human infections. BALB/c mice are the most convenient subject of this investigation

Student Assessment in the Digital Age: A Systematic Review in Latin America

The digital era has changed the perspective of education that now employs e-learning, so it must adjust the methods and virtual tools to apply an adequate evaluation. This review article arises from the need to know these tools that have been applied in educational institutions. A search for information was conducted in journals indexed in the Scopus, SciELO and Redalyc databases; 139 articles were found, of which 20 were selected that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature analyzed showed the identification and implementation of evaluation tools for educational institutions. In sum, there is little literature on digital tools applied to continuous or formative assessment in educational institutions in Latin America; however, the researchpresents to the scientific community different ways to assess students through digital tools.

Assessment of the Level of Competence of Dentists in the Diagnosis and Classification of Periodontal Tissue Diseases

The polyethiology of periodontal diseases introduces certain difficulties in the diagnosis and adequate selection of treatment methods and dictates the conditions under which the complexity and individual approach are the main conditions for successful treatment. Therefore, it is very important to timely diagnose and correctly determine the prognosis of the disease, which directly depends on the level of professional knowledge of dentists. The aim of the study was to analyze the level of competence of dentists on the methods of diagnosis and classification of periodontal tissue diseases in patients in Bishkek. Questioning of respondents — 87, statistical. For the study, a questionnaire “Dentist’s awareness of modern principles of diagnosis and treatment of periodontal tissues” was developed, containing 14 questions that reveal the ideas of dentists-therapists about modern principles of classification, diagnosis and methods of treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. According to the results of the survey, low competence in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases was revealed: 34.5% of the respondents are well aware of classification issues; adequate evaluation indices for assessing the hygienic state of the oral cavity and inflammatory changes in the tissues of the gums are used only in 20.7% and 77.0% of cases, respectively; laboratory and diagnostic research methods are used only by 59.8%. The use of a large number of diagnostic and prognostic indices in periodontics makes it possible to objectively control the dynamics of the disease, assess the depth and prevalence of the pathological process, carry out mathematical processing of the results obtained and compare the effectiveness of various methods of treating periodontitis.