scholarly journals A Soft Stretchable Sensor: Towards Peripheral Nerve Signal Sensing

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (28) ◽  
pp. 1597-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hamilton ◽  
Kevin Tian ◽  
Jinhye Bae ◽  
Canhui Yang ◽  
Gursel Alici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
Nerve Signal ◽  
Cuff Electrode ◽  
Conductive Hydrogel ◽  
Electrode Contact

ABSTRACTWe propose a 3D-printable soft, stretchable, and transparent hydrogel-elastomer device that is able to detect simulated ‘nerve’ signals. The signal is passed to a conductive hydrogel electrode through a non-contact method of capacitive coupling through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We demonstrate that the device is able to detect sinusoidal waveforms passed through a simulated ‘nerve’ made from conductive hydrogel over a range of frequencies (1 kHz – 1 MHz). Analysis of signal detection showed a correlation to the electrode contact area and a Vin/Vout of larger than 10%. This provides the framework for the future development of a soft, 3D-printable, capacitive coupling device that can be used as a cuff electrode for detecting peripheral nerve signals.

Polymeric C-shaped cuff electrode for recording of peripheral nerve signal

2015 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xue ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Wei Mong Tsang ◽  
Ignacio Delgado-Martinez ◽  
Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Signal ◽  
Cuff Electrode

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of the Effects of Electrode Spacing and Multilayered Concrete Resistivity on the Apparent Resistivity Measured Using Wenner Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthick Thiyagarajan ◽  
Parikshit Acharya ◽  
Lasitha Piyathilaka ◽  
sarath kodagoda
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Gaussian Process Regression ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Electrode Contact ◽  
Concrete Resistivity ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Smart Sensing technologies can play an important role in the conditional assessment of concrete sewer pipe linings. In the long-term, the permeation of acids can deteriorate the pipe linings. Currently, there are no proven sensors available to non-invasively estimate the depth of acid permeation in real-time. The electrical resistivity measurement on the surface of the linings can indicate the sub-surface acid moisture conditions. In this study, we consider acid permeated linings as a two resistivity layer concrete sample, where the top resistivity layer is assumed to be acid permeated and the bottom resistivity layer indicates normal moisture conditions. Firstly, we modeled the sensor based on the four-probe Wenner method. The measurements of the developed model were compared with the previous studies for validation. Then, the sensor model was utilized to study the effects of electrode contact area, electrode spacing distance and two resistivity layered concrete on the apparent resistivity measurements. All the simulations were carried out by varying the thickness of top resistivity layer concrete. The simulation study indicated that the electrode contact area has very minimal effects on apparent resistivity measurements. Also, an increase in apparent resistivity measurements was observed when there is an increase in the distance of the electrode spacing. Further, a machine learning approach using Gaussian process regression modeling was formulated to estimate the depth of acid permeated layer

scholarly journals Wire Electrodes Embedded in Artificial Conduit for Long-term Monitoring of the Peripheral Nerve Signal

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woohyun Jung ◽  
Sunyoung Jung ◽  
Ockchul Kim ◽  
HyungDal Park ◽  
Wonsuk Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Axon Regeneration ◽  
Scar Formation ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Nerve Signal ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Term Monitoring

Massive efforts to develop neural interfaces have been made for controlling prosthetic limbs according to the will of the patient, with the ultimate goal being long-term implantation. One of the major struggles is that the electrode’s performance degrades over time due to scar formation. Herein, we have developed peripheral nerve electrodes with a cone-shaped flexible artificial conduit capable of protecting wire electrodes from scar formation. The wire electrodes, which are composed of biocompatible alloy materials, were embedded in the conduit where the inside was filled with collagen to allow the damaged nerves to regenerate into the conduit and interface with the wire electrodes. After implanting the wire electrodes into the sciatic nerve of a rat, we successfully recorded the peripheral neural signals while providing mechanical stimulation. Remarkably, we observed the external stimuli-induced nerve signals at 19 weeks after implantation. This is possibly due to axon regeneration inside our platform. To verify the tissue response of our electrodes to the sciatic nerve, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) and observed axon regeneration without scar tissue forming inside the conduit. Thus, our strategy has proven that our neural interface can play a significant role in the long-term monitoring of the peripheral nerve signal.

Reverse‐curve‐arch‐shaped dry EEG electrode for increased skin–electrode contact area on hairy scalps

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 1643-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Su Lee ◽  
Chung Min Han ◽  
Jee Hoon Kim ◽  
Kwang Suk Park
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Skin Electrode ◽  
Electrode Contact

scholarly journals GEOMETRICAL ANALYSIS OF LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE FOR ENHANCING EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
ADAM SHAARI ◽  
◽  
AHMAD FAKHRURRAZI AHMAD NOORDEN ◽  
SAIFUL NAJMEE MOHAMAD ◽  
SUZAIRI DAUD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Extraction ◽  
Light Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Current Spreading ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uniform Current ◽  
Electrode Contact

A non-uniform current spreading in the current spreader can greatly reduce the efficiency of the light-emitting diode (LED). The effects of the electrode contact area to the spreading layer towards extraction efficiency of LED chips is analysed in analytical simulations. Length of current spreading and light extraction efficiency is analysed for variation of contact area. The contact area value is varied by changing the shape of the electrode and the value of width of contact area. The increase in contact area decreases light extraction efficiency as more light are absorbed by the bottom electrode surface. The effective current spreading length for Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) of thickness 300nm is 36.44µm. The 6 strips ‘fork’ design is the most optimum. The design has the most area for photons produced in active region to escape without reducing the area cover with current density. This enables the chip to has more extraction efficiency with more uniform current spreading.

Effects of electrode contact area reduction using an excimer laser

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tanaka ◽  
S. Okamoto ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
N. Shibuya ◽  
K. Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Electrode Contact
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