Material Demand Reduction and Closed-Loop Recycling Automotive Aluminium

ABSTRACTEnvironmentally aware automotive manufacturers recycle aluminum production scrap in closed-loop systems to generate environmental and financial savings. Further savings could be gained if material demand is reduced, through improving the material utilization of the production process. Since a more efficient production process generates less scrap, the opportunity for closed loop recycling reduces when material demand reduces. This paper investigates the interaction between material demand reduction and closed loop recycling for an aluminum intensive case-study vehicle. It identifies the greatest environmental and financial savings when both strategies are implemented together. It is shown that a ‘recycled content’ target does not capture these saving opportunities. It is recommended that automotive manufacturers set targets for both material utilization and scrap recovery, to simultaneously promote closed-loop recycling and material demand reduction.

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GIS-supported evaluation and mapping of the geo-exchange potential for vertical closed-loop systems in an Alpine valley, the case study of Adige Valley (Italy)

Geothermics ◽

10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.08.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 70-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Diego Viesi ◽

Antonio Galgaro ◽

Paola Visintainer ◽

Luigi Crema

Keyword(s):

Closed Loop ◽

Exchange Potential ◽

Alpine Valley ◽

Closed Loop Systems

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Closed-Loop Systems for Geothermal Energy Exploitation from Hydrocarbon Wells: An Italian Case Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10551

Author(s):

Martina Gizzi

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

Food Industry ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Type Systems ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Working Fluid ◽

Closed Loop Systems ◽

Italian Case ◽

Systems Models

Geothermal energy resources associated with disused hydrocarbon wells in Italian oilfields represent a considerable source of renewable energy. Using the information available on Italian hydrocarbon wells and on-field temperatures, two simplified closed-loop-type systems models were implemented in the Python environment and applied to a selected hydrocarbon well (Trecate4) located inside the Italian Villafortuna–Trecate field (Northwestern Italy). Considering the maximum extracted working fluid temperatures, Coaxial WBHE turned out to be a better performing technology than the U-tube version. The obtained outflow temperatures of the working fluid at the wellhead for Coaxial and U-tube WBHEs of 98.6 °C and 84 °C, respectively, are both potentially exploitable for ensuring a multi-variant and comprehensive use of the resource through its application in sectors such as the food industry, horticultural and flower fields.

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Neural Computation in Embodied Closed-Loop Systems for the Generation of Complex Behavior: From Biology to Technology

10.3389/978-2-88945-605-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Closed Loop ◽

Neural Computation ◽

Complex Behavior ◽

Closed Loop Systems

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METHOD OF SYNTHESIS OF CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEMS OF ACTIVE SHIELDING MAGNETIC FIELD OF POWER TRANSMISSION LINES

Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika ◽

10.15407/techned2016.04.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (4) ◽

pp. 8-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B.I. Kuznetsov ◽

◽

A.N. Turenko ◽

T.B. Nikitina ◽

A.V. Voloshko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Transmission Lines ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Power Transmission ◽

Power Transmission Lines ◽

Closed Loop Systems ◽

Active Shielding

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102-LB: Cross-Study Comparisons Done Right: An Illustration Using Two Pivotal Trials of Closed-Loop Systems

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-102-lb ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 102-LB

Author(s):

MARC D. BRETON ◽

ROY BECK ◽

RICHARD M. BERGENSTAL ◽

BORIS KOVATCHEV

Keyword(s):

Closed Loop ◽

Closed Loop Systems

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Time in range for multiple technologies in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

10.2337/figshare.12116691 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony Pease ◽

Clement Lo ◽

Arul Earnest ◽

Velislava Kiriakova ◽

Danny Liew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Glucose Testing ◽

Closed Loop Systems ◽

Percent Time ◽

Time In Range

Background: Time-in-range is a key glycaemic metric, and comparisons of management technologies for this outcome are critical to guide device selection. Purpose: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare and rank technologies for time in glycaemic ranges. Data sources: We searched All Evidenced Based Medicine Reviews, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process and other non-indexed citations, PROSPERO, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science until 24 April, 2019. Study selection: We included randomised controlled trials >2 weeks duration comparing technologies for management of type 1 diabetes in adults (>18 years of age), excluding pregnant women. Data extraction: Data were extracted using a predefined template. Outcomes were percent time with sensor glucose levels 3.9–10.0mmol/l (70–180mg/dL), >10.0mmol/L (180mg/dL), and <3.9mmol/L (70mg/dL). Data synthesis: We identified 16,772 publications, of which 14 eligible studies compared eight technologies comprising 1,043 participants. Closed loop systems lead to greater percent time-in-range than any other management strategy and was 17.85 (95% predictive interval [PrI] 7.56–28.14) higher than usual care of multiple daily injections with capillary glucose testing. Closed loop systems ranked best for percent time-in-range or above range utilising surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA–98.5 and 93.5 respectively). Closed loop systems also ranked highly for time below range (SUCRA–62.2). Limitations: Overall risk of bias ratings were moderate for all outcomes. Certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusions: In the first integrated comparison of multiple management strategies considering time-in-range, we found that the efficacy of closed loop systems appeared better than all other approaches.

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