Development of Hybrid Structures of Silver Nanowire Electrodes for the Electrodynamic Screen (EDS) Films to Mitigate Energy Yield Loss Incurred by Solar Collectors Due to Soiling

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Annie Rabi Bernard ◽  
Ryan Eriksen ◽  
Malay Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Sandwiched Structure

ABSTRACTThis study aims at establishing environmentally stable and viable silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes of an Electrodynamic Screen (EDS) film, by the inclusion of one or more protective layers of zinc oxide (ZnO) produced in lab by combining tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethylzinc (DEZ). The electrodes can be realized as 1) stacked structure where the AgNW electrode has a layer of ZnO on top for protection or 2) sandwiched structure where the AgNW electrode is covered by ZnO layers, protecting it from the top and bottom. Experiments are done to test the effect of accelerated exposure to ultraviolet light, high temperature and passage of high voltage on the AgNW samples and are compared with the results obtained from the AgNW samples that have the ZnO protective layer which have also been subjected to the aforementioned test conditions. A complete water immersion test is performed in order to ensure functionality and efficiency of the ZnO/AgNW samples that are to be patterned as electrodes of the EDS film. This will demonstrate viability of the structure in the case of rain.

scholarly journals The Role of Sacrificial and/or Protective Layers to Improve the Sintering of Electroactive Ceramics: Application to Piezoelectric PZT-Printed Thick Films for MEMS

Ceramics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475
Author(s):  
Hélène Debéda ◽  
Maria-Isabel Rua-Taborda ◽  
Onuma Santawitee ◽  
Simon Grall ◽  
Mario Maglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thick Film ◽  
Sacrificial Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Pros And Cons

Piezoelectric thick films are of real interest for devices such as ceramic Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) because they bridge the gap between thin films and bulk ceramics. The basic design of MEMS includes electrodes, a functional material, and a substrate, and efforts are currently focused on simplified processes. In this respect, screen-printing combined with a sacrificial layer approach is attractive due to its low cost and the wide range of targeted materials. Both the role and the nature of the sacrificial layer, usually a carbon or mineral type, depend on the process and the final device. First, a sacrificial layer method dedicated to screen-printed thick-film ceramic and LTCC MEMS is presented. Second, the recent processing of piezoelectric thick-film ceramic MEMS using spark plasma sintering combined with a protective layer approach is introduced. Whatever the approach, the focus is on the interdependent effects of the microstructure, chemistry, and strain/stress, which need to be controlled to ensure reliable and performant properties of the multilayer electroceramics. Here the goal is to highlight the benefits and the large perspectives of using sacrificial/protective layers, with an emphasis on the pros and cons of such a strategy when targeting a complex piezoelectric MEMS design.

The corrosion protection of AA2024-T3 aluminium alloy by leaching of lithium-containing salts from organic coatings

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 511-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Visser ◽  
Yanwen Liu ◽  
Xiaorong Zhou ◽  
Teruo Hashimoto ◽  
George E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Protective Layers

Lithium carbonate and lithium oxalate were incorporated as leachable corrosion inhibitors in model organic coatings for the protection of AA2024-T3. The coated samples were artificially damaged with a scribe. It was found that the lithium-salts are able to leach from the organic coating and form a protective layer in the scribe on AA2024-T3 under neutral salt spray conditions. The present paper shows the first observation and analysis of these corrosion protective layers, generated from lithium-salt loaded organic coatings. The scribed areas were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy before and after neutral salt spray exposure (ASTM-B117). The protective layers typically consist of three different layered regions, including a relatively dense layer near the alloy substrate, a porous middle layer and a flake-shaped outer layer, with lithium uniformly distributed throughout all three layers. Scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry surface roughness measurements demonstrate that the formation of the layer occurs rapidly and, therefore provides an effective inhibition mechanism. Based on the observation of this work, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of these protective layers.

A Study on the Surface Treatments of the Barrel of Small Arms under the Firing Condition

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 631-634
Author(s):  
Je Wook Chae ◽  
Sung Bae Lee ◽  
Chan Lee ◽  
Hyun Jun Kim ◽  
Young Shin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Firing Condition ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Inner Diameter

This paper includes a study on the surface treatments of the barrel of small arms with an aim at improving resistance of corrosion and wear. The inner surface of the barrel is Cr plated or nitrided to improve the performance under the firing. The endurance test was conducted to compare the wear resistance of standard barrel (the non surface treatment barrel), the Cr plating barrel and the nitriding barrel. The wear resistance is evaluated by inner diameter of the barrel, muzzle velocity and dispersion during the firing. And the salt water immersion test was conducted to estimate the corrosion resistance. As the results of the tests, the Cr plating barrel is superior to the NST barrel and the nitriding barrel in a view of corrosion and wear.

Study on Impact-Resistant Performance of Structural Wall with Different Protective Layers

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 618-621
Author(s):  
Run Lin Yang ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Juan Hua Zhou ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Protective Layer ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Structural Wall ◽  
Protective Layers ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Target Wall

Traditional design of structural members is considered less collision effects, so it may be possible to cause damage due to impact loads. In view of this, impact-resistant performance of the concrete wall with different protective layers was analyzed. In the process of the numerical simulation, the observed walls with three different measures including the unprotected, the rigid protective and the flexible protective one were considered separately. Protective effects of the different measures were compared and analyzed by observing the stress, the strain, the velocity and acceleration of the target wall. Numerical results show that the flexible protective system works better. The flexible protective layer of the wall may have a significant impact on the protective effect such as suppression of the peak impact response.

Electrodeposition and Corrosion Resistance of Cu/Zn/Cu Multilayer Coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Jin Hu Sun ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Qing Dong Zhong ◽  
Chen Xiao ◽  
Zhe Rui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Multilayer Coatings

Cu/Zn/Cu multilayer coatings were prepared on mild steel substrates by dual bath technique in order to improve the corrosion resistance of mild steel in seawater. The microstructures of the coated substrates and its resistance to corrosion in simulated seawater were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the brine immersion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Salt water immersion test results show that the Cu/Zn/Cu multilayer coatings exhibited the highest corrosion resistance. The red rust spot appeared on the coating surface for the first time when the time of the coating soaked in salt water reached 2520h. The trend of the impedance variation reflected by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was the same as the change tendency of corrosion resistance was analyzed by the salt water immersion test. The results of SEM showed that the layer of copper were deposited by round cell structure, the middle layer of zinc coating was flat and compact.

scholarly journals Changes in the forearm tcPO2 following the cold water immersion test.

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi INABA ◽  
Makoto ARIIZUMI ◽  
Toshio FURUNO ◽  
Masaji TABATA ◽  
Akira OKADA
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion Test

scholarly journals Investigation on Corrosion Behaviour of Polymeric Coatings on Weathering Steel Under 3.5% NaCl Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh R ◽  
S Manivannan ◽  
Kumaresh Babu S P
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Tests

Abstract Weathering steel, a low carbon alloy steel, most widely used in marine transportation and construction fields like bridges, sculptures where corrosion resistance is the main concern. Weathering steel creates an adhering protective coating on its surface in the right environmental conditions. The protective layer which is formed on the surface weathering steel known as patina. It protects the structure from further corrosion to occur. When these weathering steels are continuously exposed to moisture environment its corrosion resistance decreases. So, our investigation deals about the studies of the coatings used on weathering steel to increase its corrosion resistance in marine conditions. The coatings applied on the substrate were poly urea, polyurethane, epoxy and black enamel. Corrosion tests were performed on these coated samples to evaluate their corrosion behaviour in different environments. Corrosion tests that were performed are immersion test, salt spray test and potentio-dynamic test. The profilometry test is investigated and it confirmed the depth of the corrosion on the coatings. Based on the corrosion studies, we conclude that poly urea is the excellent coating followed by polyurethane, black enamel and epoxy.

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