Micro- and Nano-instrument Power

2006 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassili Karanassios
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Wireless Interface ◽  
Capsule Size

ABSTRACTFor the last several years, we have been developing and characterizing “mobile” micro- and nano-instruments for use on-site (e.g., in the field). Although such portable, battery-operated instruments are much smaller that their laboratory-scale counterparts, sometimes they provide comparable performance and they often offer improved capabilities. As such, they are expected to cause a paradigm shift in classical chemical analysis by allowing practioners to “bring the lab (or part of it) to the sample”. Two classes of examples will be used as the means with which to illustrate the power of micro- and nano-instruments. One class involves a “patient” as the sample and an ingestible capsule-size spectrometer used for cancer diagnosis of the gastro intestinal tack as (part of) “the lab”. The other involves the “environment” as the sample and a portable, battery-operated, miniaturized instrument that utilizes a PalmPilot™ with a wireless interface for data acquisition and signal processing as (part of) “the lab”. To discuss how to electrically power such miniaturized instruments, mobile energy issues will be addressed. Particular emphasis will be paid to current or anticipated future applications and to the paradigm shifts that may prove essential in powering the next generation of miniaturized instruments.

scholarly journals A paradigm shift in mathematical physics, Part 1: The Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3828-3839
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Thomas Kuhn ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Realistic Theory ◽  
Wavefunction Collapse ◽  
Elementary Waves

Why is quantum mathematics (QM) the only science based on probability amplitudes rather than probabilities? A paradigm shift called the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW) posits zero energy waves traveling in the opposite direction as particles, which a particle follows backwards: like a probabilistic guidance system emanating from detectors. Probability amplitudes are the mathematical analog of these elementary rays. Although this proposal might sound like gibberish, that is the hallmark of a paradigm shift. Thomas Kuhn warns that previous paradigm shifts were rejected because they sounded like gibberish. TEW is internally coherent, explains a mountain of empirical data, and resolves insoluble problems of QM. For example, it dispenses with the need for wavefunction collapse because probability decisions are made at the particle source, not the detector. It is the only local realistic theory consistent with the Bell test experiments. That which QM calls “nonlocality,” TEW calls “elementary rays.” One term is vague, the other involves elegant mathematics. This article introduces that mathematical notation, explains complementarity in double slit experiments, and reinterprets Feynman diagrams. QM and TEW are partners that need each other. One is a science of observables; the other a science of how nature works independent of the observer.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José van
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Information Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
The Us ◽  
Autocratic Regime ◽  
Digital Strategy ◽  
National Governments ◽  
State Interference

The epilogue sketches a few scenarios on potential geopolitical consequences of the global paradigm shift toward multiple online platform “spheres.” Currently, the neoliberal US-based platform ecosystem dominates. This ecosystem revolves around the promotion of individualism and minimal state interference, leaving checks and balances to the market. On the other end of the ideological spectrum is the Chinese ecosystem, in which the autocratic regime controls the platform ecosystem via regulated censorship of tech corporations. Squeezed between the US and the Chinese models is the European Union, whose member states neither own nor operate any major platforms in either ecosystem. For European democracies to survive in the information age, its cities, national governments, and supranational legislature need to collaborate on a blueprint for a common digital strategy toward markets and public sectors.

scholarly journals Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Population Thinking ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Historical Sketch

Abstract Sinclair, M. 2009. Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1652–1661. This introduction to the Symposium on “Linking Herring” sketches the development of some ideas generated from herring research within an ICES context. The work of Committee A (1902–1908), under the leadership of Johan Hjort, led to a paradigm shift from “migration thinking” to “population thinking” as the interpretation of fluctuations in herring landings. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the focus on forecasting services for the herring fisheries, although ultimately unsuccessful, had the unintended consequence of generating ideas on recruitment overfishing and the match–mismatch hypothesis. The collapse of the East Anglian fishery led, in 1956, to considerable debate on its causes, but no consensus was reached. Three consecutive symposia dealing with herring (1961, 1968, and 1970) reveal a changing perspective on the role of fishing on recruitment dynamics, culminating in Cushing’s 1975 book (“Marine Ecology and Fisheries”, referred to here as the “Grand Synthesis”), which defined the concept of recruitment overfishing and established the future agenda for fisheries oceanography. The 1978 ICES “Symposium on the Assessment and Management of Pelagic Fish Stocks” is interpreted as the “Aberdeen Consensus” (i.e. without effective management, recruitment overfishing is to be expected). In conclusion, herring research within ICES has led to many ideas and two major paradigm shifts.

scholarly journals Social Representations of the Environment in Press Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (61) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislei Mocelin Polli ◽  
Brigido Vizeu Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Press ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

Environmental issues are given prominence in the media and scientific circles. From the 60’s until early 2010 there were changes in the way people related to the environment, with a paradigm shift occurring regarding the environment. This study sought to identify the representational content disseminated by the press media on the environment in different periods. A qualitative survey was therefore conducted of documents, and data were obtained through texts published in a magazine with national circulation. The data were analyzed using the ALCESTE program with a Lexicographic Analysis. It was identified that the press media reflects the paradigm shifts, and publications dating from the late 60’s are compatible with the old paradigm, evolving over time, and are now compatible with the new environmental paradigm. The results indicate that currently the environment needs care in all its aspects and lack of care creates global impacts.

V.—Manganese in the Sea

1876 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Church
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Manganese Nodules ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Ample Supply

To the geologist, the mineralogist and the chemist, two of the observations made during the voyage of the Challenger are of especial interest. One of these observations is the occurrence over vast areas of the deep sea bottom of a peculiar red clay, containing silica, peroxide of iron, and alumina. The other discovery to which I refer has been described by Sir Wyville Thomson as the occurrence throughout this red clay of nodules of “nearly pure peroxide of manganese.” To these nodules, as well us to the red clay, an organic origin has been assigned. But the immediate source of so much manganese is hard to find, for this element is by no means an abundant constituent of animal or vegetable organisms. The difficulty is, however, somewhat lessened when the manganese nodules are submitted to a more minute chemical examination. From two correspondents I have received an ample supply of these curious concretions, accompanied by a suggestion that they should be submitted to chemical analysis.

Signal Processing, Triggering and Data Acquisition

1991 ◽  
pp. 361-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ellis ◽  
S. Cittolin ◽  
L. Mapelli
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Data Acquisition

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Can semiotics be used to drive paradigm changes in medical education?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-516
Author(s):  
John Tredinnick-Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Threshold Concepts ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Medical Educator ◽  
Situational Ethics ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy

This essay sets out to explain how educational semiotics as a discipline can be used to reform medical education and assessment. This is in response to an ongoing paradigm shift in medical education and assessment that seeks to integrate more qualitative, ethical and professional aspects of medicine into curricula, and develop ways to assess them. This paper suggests that a method to drive this paradigm change might be found in the Peircean idea of suprasubjectivity. This semiotic concept is rooted in the scholastic philosophy of John of St Thomas, but has been reintroduced to modern semiotics through the works of John Deely, Alin Olteanu and, most notably, Charles Sanders Peirce. I approach this task as both a medical educator and a semiotician. In this paper, I provide background information about medical education, paradigm shifts, and the concept of suprasubjectivity in relation to modern educational semiotic literature. I conclude by giving examples of what a suprasubjective approach to medical education and assessment might look like. I do this by drawing an equivalence between the notion of threshold concepts and suprasubjectivity, demonstrating the similarities between their positions. Fundamentally, medical education suffers from tensions of teaching trainee doctors the correct balance of biological science and situational ethics/ judgement. In the transcendence of mind-dependent and mind-independent being the scholastic philosophy of John of St Thomas may be exactly the solution medicine needs to overcome this dichotomy.

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