Thermoelectric Properties of Single Crystal Alloys Bi8Sb32Te60, Bi9Sb31Te60 and Bi10Sb30Te60 Grown by the T.H.M. Method

1991 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Caillat ◽  
M. Carle ◽  
J. P. Fleurial ◽  
H. Scherrer ◽  
S. Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Bismuth Telluride ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
P Type ◽  
Solid Alloys

ABSTRACTIt has been reported that high figures of merit could be achieved on bismuth telluride grown by T.H.M. (Travelling Heater Method). Further improvements could be obtained for the p-type materials by studying solid solutions formed by bismuth telluride and antimony telluride.A good knowledge of the ternary phase diagram is necessary to obtain homogeneous ingots by T.H.M..We present the results of the determination of ternary phase diagram (Bi-Sb-Te). The equilibrium data between liquid and solid alloys Bi8Sb32Te60, Bi9Sb31Te60 and Bi10Sb30Te60 are also reported and it allows their elaboration by T.H.M..Thermoelectric characterization of ternary samples is carried out as a function of stoichiometric deviations. Measurements of electrical and thermal conductivities as well as Seebeck coefficient were done at room temperature for the Bi8Sb32Te60, Bi9Sb31Te60 and Bi10Sb30Te60 alloys.The values of the figure of merit remain interesting for the alloys studied and a maximum value of 3.2 10−3 K−1 is reached for the Bi9Sb31Te60 alloy.

scholarly journals Application of a ternary phase diagram to the liquid-liquid extraction of ethanoic acid using ethyl ethanoate

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Aline Amaral Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Ethanoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Tie Lines

This article was elaborated in an approach to the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the extraction process of ethanoic acid (C2H4O2) in aqueous phase using ethyl ethanoate as solvent. The liquid-liquid extraction was modeled by the construction of a ternary phase diagram for the water-ethanoic acid- ethyl ethanoate system with the aid of the Origin software. The equilibrium data were obtained experimentally by titration at room temperature (298.15 K) and atmospheric pressure (101325 Pa) using four mixtures of water, ethanoic acid, and ethyl ethanoate. The determination of the composition of the extract and residue portions in the equilibrium of each mixture by of the tie-lines method allowed to examine the percentages of liquid-liquid extraction achieved. The distribution coefficients and separation factors calculated made it possible an evaluation of the distribution and of the mutual solubility of the solute in the aqueous and organic phases. The results showed a good performance of ethyl ethanoate in the extraction of ethanoic acid for concentrations of solute until 16% of the feed.

Formulation and Characterization of Solid Self- Microemulsifying Cefuroxime Axetil Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2567-2573
Author(s):  
Satish Puttachari ◽  
Navanath V. Kalyane ◽  
Sarbani Duttagupta ◽  
Koushik Yetukuri
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Emulsification Property ◽  
Wide Range

The Cefuroxime axetil has been used in treatment of wide range of infections but exhibits poor and variable bioavailability thus it is difficult to establish optimal oral dosage schedule. The purpose of this work was to prepare stable solid self-microemusifying drug delivery system (S-SMEDDS) of cefuroxime to improve the solubility and dissolution. The saturation solubility of drug in oils, solvents, surfactants and co-surfactants were determined and ternary phase diagram was drawn. Based on the results SMEDDS were prepared and characterized for self-emulsification properties and in-vitro dissolution. One of the best SMEDDS formulations was converted to S-SMEDDS by adsorption technique using maltodextrin as adsorbent. SEM of the S-SMEDDS revealed that particles were well separated and were free flowing, characterization by DSC, XRD revealed no interaction between drug and excipients. In-vitro dissolution was rapid and complete and no marked changes in physical and emulsification property were observed on stability. 

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Topical Letrozole Nanoemulsion for Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Ihab D. Hammodi ◽  
Shaimaa N. Abd Alhammid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Solubility Studies

Letrozole (LZL) is a non-steroidal competitive aromatase enzyme system inhibitor. The aim of this study is to improve the permeation of LZL through the skin by preparing as nanoemulsion using various numbers of oils, surfactants and co-surfactant with deionized water. Based on solubility studies, mixtures of oleic acid oil and tween 80/ transcutol p as surfactant/co-surfactant (Smix) in different percentages were used to prepare nanoemulsions (NS). Therefore, 9 formulae of (o/w) LZL NS were formulated, then pseudo-ternary phase diagram was used as a useful tool to evaluate the NS domain at Smix ratios: 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1.

Phase Stability of Molybdenum-Silicon Nitride-Silicon Mis Schottky Diode at High Temperatures

1990 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heungsoo Park ◽  
C.R. Helms
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Barrier Height ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Schottky Barrier Height ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Full Range ◽  
P Type ◽  
Tie Line ◽  
Silicon Oxygen

ABSTRACTPreviously our group[1,2] has demonstrated metal-thin insulator- silicon Schottky diode structures which allow the Si Schottky barrier height to be adjusted over nearly the full range of the silicon band gap by appropriate choice of insulator thickness and metal. However, previous attempts to achieve a structure with a high barrier height to p-type that is stable above 400C(using primarily Titanium) have failed. In this paper we report on results for a metal, Molybdenum, which has a stable tie line to Sio2 and Si3N4 in metal-silicon-oxygen(nitrogen) ternary phase diagram which leads to a more stable system.

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