scholarly journals Micro-Fabricated Thin-Film Fuel Cells for Portable Power Requirements

2002 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan F. Jankowski ◽  
Jeffrey P. Hayes ◽  
R. Tim Graff ◽  
Jeffrey D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Portable Power ◽  
Fuel Storage

AbstractFuel cells have gained renewed interest for applications in portable power since the energy is stored in a separate reservoir of fuel rather than as an integral part of the power source, as is the case with batteries. While miniaturized fuel cells have been demonstrated for the low power regime (1-20 Watts), numerous issues still must be resolved prior to deployment for applications as a replacement for batteries. As traditional fuel cell designs are scaled down in both power output and physical footprint, several issues impact the operation, efficiency, and overall performance of the fuel cell system. These issues include fuel storage, fuel delivery, system startup, peak power requirements, cell stacking, and thermal management. The combination of thin-film deposition and micro-machining materials offers potential advantages with respect to stack size and weight, flow field and manifold structures, fuel storage, and thermal management. The micro-fabrication technologies that enable material and fuel flexibility through a modular fuel cell platform will be described along with experimental results from both solid oxide and proton exchange membrane, thin-film fuel cells.

scholarly journals Measurements Based Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation in Transient State and Power of Own Needs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Daniel Węcel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Currently, fuel cells are increasingly used in industrial installations, means of transport, and household applications as a source of electricity and heat. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) at variable load, which characterizes the cell’s operation in real installations. A detailed analysis of the power needed for operation fuel cell auxiliary devices (own needs power) was carried out. An analysis of net and gross efficiency was carried out in various operating conditions of the device. The measurements made show changes in the performance of the fuel cell during step changing or smooth changing of an electric load. Load was carried out as a change in the current or a change in the resistance of the receiver. The analysis covered the times of reaching steady states and the efficiency of the fuel cell system taking into account auxiliary devices. In the final part of the article, an analysis was made of the influence of the fuel cell duration of use on obtained parameters. The analysis of the measurement results will allow determination of the possibility of using fuel cells in installations with a rapidly changing load profile and indicate possible solutions to improve the performance of the installation.

Scale-Up of Thin-Film Deposition-Based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell by Sputtering, a Commercially Viable Thin-Film Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 (7) ◽  
pp. F613-F617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Sung Noh ◽  
Jongsup Hong ◽  
Hyoungchul Kim ◽  
Kyung Joong Yoon ◽  
Byung-Kook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Thin Film Technology

Multiscale structured low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with 13 W power at 500 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3459-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Soo Shin ◽  
Jeong Hun Kim ◽  
Kyung Taek Bae ◽  
Kang-Taek Lee ◽  
Sang Moon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Deposition Processes

A multiscale architectured solid oxide fuel cell is demonstrated by applying a large-area ceramic micropatterning and thin-film deposition processes.

Water and Thermal Management of an Indirect Methanol Fuel Cell System for Automotive Applications

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Eggert ◽  
P. Badrinarayanan ◽  
David Friedman ◽  
Joshua Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems using steam-reformed methanol are currently under consideration for first generation commercial fuel cell vehicles. Proper water and heat management of such a system is critical in achieving high overall efficiency and maintaining water self-sufficiency. The first part of the paper briefly describes the key aspects of the water and thermal management (WTM) model developed as part of the Fuel Cell Vehicle Modeling Program (FCVMP) at the University of California – Davis. The main purpose of this model was to determine the water self-sufficiency and temperature management requirements of the indirect methanol fuel cell system and to evaluate the associated parasitic losses. This model has imbedded in it the main components of the fuel cell system, such as the fuel cell stack, air compressor, and fuel processor as seen by the WTM system. The second half of the paper discusses the results obtained from the model and their implications. We find that the cooling and humidification of the anode and cathode inlet streams can be accomplished with water injection and therefore, a separate heat exchanger is not needed for additional cooling. Additionally we find that the instantaneous and cumulative excess water is determined by factors such as air supply characteristics, condenser efficiency, ambient air humidity, and stack attributes. We find that these factors can affect the ability of the vehicle to achieve true water self-sufficiency.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of an Optimized Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Outeiro ◽  
R. Chibante ◽  
A. S. Carvalho ◽  
A. T. de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Hydrogen and fuel cells are widely regarded as the key to energy solutions for the 21st century. These technologies will contribute significantly to a reduction in environmental impact, enhanced energy security and development of new energy industries. Fuel cells operating with hydrogen have the potential to contribute to the transition for a future sustainable energy system with low-CO2 emissions. In this paper a dynamic PEM fuel cell model, implemented in Matlab/Simulink, is presented. In order to estimate the PEM fuel cell model parameters, an optimization based approach is used. The optimization is carried out using the Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm. This optimization process evolves converging to a minimum of the objective function. The flexibility and robustness of SA as a global search method are extremely important advantages of this method. A good agreement between experimental and simulated results is observed. This optimized PEM fuel cell model can significantly help designers of fuel cell systems by providing a tool to perform accurate design and consequently to improve system efficiency.

High-performance thin-film protonic ceramic fuel cells fabricated on anode supports with a non-proton-conducting ceramic matrix

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (17) ◽  
pp. 6395-6403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiho Bae ◽  
Ho-Sung Noh ◽  
Dong Young Jang ◽  
Jongsup Hong ◽  
Hyoungchul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Fabrication Method ◽  
Proton Conducting ◽  
Ceramic Fuel ◽  
Ceramic Fuel Cells

We proposed a facile and reliable fabrication method by implementing a novel cell platform and thin-film-deposition based protonic ceramic fuel cells.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Impurity Concentration Process and Mitigation Operation in Fuel Cell System for Using Biogas

Reactions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Yutaro Akimoto ◽  
Yuta Minei ◽  
Keiichi Okajima
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Recirculation System ◽  
Concentration Of Impurities

For a low-carbon society, it is necessary to extract hydrogen for fuel cells from biogas rather than from fossil fuels. However, impurities contained in the biogas affect the fuel cell; hence, there is a need for system and operation methods to remove these impurities. In this study, to develop a fuel cell system for the effective utilization of biogas-derived hydrogen, the compositional change and concentration of impurities in the hydrogen recirculation system under actual operation were evaluated using process simulation. Then, the mitigation operation for performance degradation using simple purification methods was evaluated on the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stack. In the process simulation of the hydrogen recirculation system, including the PEMFC stack, the concentration of impurities remained at a level that did not pose a problem to the performance. In the constant voltage test for a simulated gas supply of biogas-derived hydrogen, the conditions for applying the methanation reforming and air bleeding methods were analyzed. As a result, methanation reforming is more suitable for supplying biogas-containing CO to the PEMFC stack for continuous operation.

scholarly journals A Novel Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Microscale Energy Conversion

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Morse ◽  
Alan F. Jankowski ◽  
Jeffrey P. Hayes ◽  
Robert T. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
Fuel Delivery

Abstract A novel approach for the fabrication and assembly of a solid oxide fuel cell system is described which enables effective scaling of the fuel delivery, manifold, and fuel cell stack components for applications in miniature and microscale energy conversion. Scaling towards miniaturization is accomplished by utilizing thin film deposition combined with novel micromachining approaches which allow manifold channels and fuel delivery system to be formed within the substrate which the thin film fuel cell stack is fabricated on, thereby circumventing the need for bulky manifold components which are not directly scalable. Results demonstrating the generation of electrical current in the temperature range of 200–400°C for a thin film solid oxide fuel cell stack fabricated on a silicon wafer will be presented.

Water and Thermal Balance in PEM Fuel Cells

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Izenson ◽  
Roger W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Balance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Portable Power

The high energy density available from polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems makes them attractive sources of portable power. A key consideration for minimum weight portable power systems is that they must operate simultaneously at water balance (no external water supply) and thermal balance (controlled temperature). Water and thermal management are intimately linked since evaporation is a potent source of cooling. The cell’s electrochemical performance and the ambient environment determine the rates of water production and transport as well as heat generation and removal. This paper presents the basic design relationships that govern water and thermal balance in PEM fuel cell stacks and systems. Hydrogen/air and direct methanol fuel cells are both addressed and compared. Operating conditions for simultaneous water and thermal balance can be specified based on the cell’s electrochemical performance and the operating environment. These conditions can be used to specify the overall size and complexity of the cooling equipment needed in terms of the “UA” product of the heat exchangers. The water balance properties can have strong effects on the size of the thermal management equipment required.

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