Organic Electrochemical Smart Pixels

2002 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Andersson ◽  
David Nilsson ◽  
Per-Olof Svensson ◽  
Miaoxiang Chen ◽  
Anna Malmström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Cross Point ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Smart Pixel ◽  
Smart Pixels ◽  
Operation Characteristics

ABSTRACTAn all-printed organic smart pixel is achieved through the combination of an electrochemical transistor and an electrochromic display cell. Smart pixels of this kind are arranged into a cross-point matrix resulting in an active-addressed display. This type of display has been realized on coated fine paper, operates at voltages less than 2 Volts and exhibits good bistability properties. Here we report on the operation characteristics of electrochemical smart pixels in which the ion concentration of the electrolyte has been varied.

Integration of Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors and Shallow Quantum Well Modulators for Smart Pixel Fabrication

1992 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Goossen ◽  
J. E. Cunningham ◽  
W. Y. Jan ◽  
J. A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Well ◽  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Smart Pixel ◽  
Smart Pixels

ABSTRACTUsing the recently developed SESHL (for Single Epitaxy Supporting HBT and Low-barrier modulator) process, we present a monolithic single-stage common-emitter amplifier with photodiode input and modulator output (or HBT-SEED), one of the simplest forms of smart pixels.

scholarly journals Energy recovery in capacitive deionization systems with inverted operation characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayokunle Omosebi ◽  
Zhiao Li ◽  
Nicolas Holubowitch ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
James Landon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Operation Characteristics

Capacitive deionization (CDI) operated under inverted mode involves electronic charging and discharge steps with corresponding ion concentration and desalting coupled with simultaneous energy storage.

scholarly journals In Vivo Phenotyping for the Early Detection of Drought Stress in Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michela Janni ◽  
Nicola Coppede ◽  
Manuele Bettelli ◽  
Nunzio Briglia ◽  
Angelo Petrozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Improved Methods

Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about. Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress. Here, we report the use of an in vivo OECT (organic electrochemical transistor) sensor, termed as bioristor, in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant. The device was integrated within the plant’s stem, thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant’s physiological status throughout its life cycle. Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought, in particular, those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream, thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses. The bioristor’s acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.

Ratio imaging of intracellular ion concentration

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1160-1161
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Bolsover
Keyword(s):  
Individual Cell ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Ratio Imaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Many

The field of intracellular ion concentration measurement expanded greatly in the 1980's due primarily to the development by Roger Tsien of ratiometric fluorescence dyes. These dyes have many applications, and in particular they make possible to image ion concentrations: to produce maps of the ion concentration within living cells. Ion imagers comprise a fluorescence microscope, an imaging light detector such as a video camera, and a computer system to process the fluorescence signal and display the map of ion concentration.Ion imaging can be used for two distinct purposes. In the first, the imager looks at a field of cells, measuring the mean ion concentration in each cell of the many in the field of view. One can then, for instance, challenge the cells with an agonist and examine the response of each individual cell. Ion imagers are not necessary for this sort of experiment: one can instead use a system that measures the mean ion concentration in a just one cell at any one time. However, they are very much more convenient.

Confocal imaging of calcium in intact ventricular muscle provides a new view of excitation-contraction coupling

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W.G. Wier
Keyword(s):  
Local Control ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Confocal Imaging ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Heart Cell ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Heart Cells

A fundamentally new understanding of cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling is being developed from recent experimental work using confocal microscopy of single isolated heart cells. In particular, the transient change in intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i transient) that activates muscle contraction is now viewed as resulting from the spatial and temporal summation of small (∼ 8 μm3), subcellular, stereotyped ‘local [Ca2+]i-transients' or, as they have been called, ‘calcium sparks'. This new understanding may be called ‘local control of E-C coupling'. The relevance to normal heart cell function of ‘local control, theory and the recent confocal data on spontaneous Ca2+ ‘sparks', and on electrically evoked local [Ca2+]i-transients has been unknown however, because the previous studies were all conducted on slack, internally perfused, single, enzymatically dissociated cardiac cells, at room temperature, usually with Cs+ replacing K+, and often in the presence of Ca2-channel blockers. The present work was undertaken to establish whether or not the concepts derived from these studies are in fact relevant to normal cardiac tissue under physiological conditions, by attempting to record local [Ca2+]i-transients, sparks (and Ca2+ waves) in intact, multi-cellular cardiac tissue.

Demonstration of a smart pixel using DOES device technology

1992 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Kiely ◽  
G.W. Taylor ◽  
D.P. Docter ◽  
P.R. Claisse ◽  
T. Vang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Pixel ◽  
Device Technology
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