Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Oxidizer/Monopropellant Formulations

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-800-aa2.1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas B. Brill ◽

Bryce C. Tappan ◽

Jun Li

Keyword(s):

Energetic Materials ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Energetic Material ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Impact Testing ◽

Nano Particle ◽

High Solids ◽

Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽

Gel Processing

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work is to try to create new behaviors of energetic materials by using sol-gel processing and freeze drying to incorporate the energetic material into the fuel matrix at the nano particle size scale. Hydrazinium diperchlorate ([N2H6][ClO4]2) and resorcinol-formaldehyde were chosen in one example, and CL-20 and nitrocellulose were chosen in another. High solids loadings were achieved by the cryogel method. Characterization was carried out by elemental analysis, SEM, TEM, AFM, T-jump/FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and drop-weight impact testing. The nanoscale formulations do indeed exhibit several different behaviors, such as enhanced burning characteristics and unusual morphologies, and appear to be a promising direction to pursue.

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Nanostructured Energetic Materials with Sol-gel Methods

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-800-aa2.2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alexander E. Gash ◽

Joe H. Satcher ◽

Randall L. Simpson ◽

Brady J. Clapsaddle

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Energetic Material ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Electron Microscopies ◽

Burn Rate ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThe utilization of sol-gel chemical methodology to prepare nanostructured energetic materials as well as the concepts of nanoenergetics is described. The preparation and characterization of two totally different compositions is detailed. In one example, nanostructured aerogel and xerogel composites of sol-gel iron (III) oxide and ultra fine grained aluminum (UFG Al) are prepared, characterized, and compared to a conventional micron-sized Fe2O3/Al thermite. The exquisite degree of mixing and intimate nanostructuring of this material is illustrated using transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM and SEM). The nanocomposite material has markedly different energy release (burn rate) and thermal properties compared to the conventional composite, results of which will be discussed. Small-scale safety characterization was performed on the nanostructured thermite. The second nanostructured energetic material consists of a nanostructured hydrocarbon resin fuel network with fine ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) oxidizer present.

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Synthesis and characterization of BaMgAl10O17:Eu phosphors derived by sol–gel processing

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/s0032-5910(02)00038-4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Junying Zhang ◽

Zhongtai Zhang ◽

Zilong Tang ◽

Zishan Zheng ◽

Yuanhua Lin

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Gel Processing

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Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Energetic Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-800-aa2.7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 800 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brady J. Clapsaddle ◽

Lihua Zhao ◽

Alex E. Gash ◽

Joe H. Satcher ◽

Kenneth J. Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Transport ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Energetic Materials ◽

Silicon Oxide ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Mixed Metal Oxide ◽

Organic Additives ◽

Metal Oxide Silicon

ABSTRACTIn the field of composite energetic materials, properties such as ingredient distribution, particle size, and morphology, affect both sensitivity and performance. Since the reaction kinetics of composite energetic materials are typically controlled by the mass transport rates between reactants, one would anticipate new and potentially exceptional performance from energetic nanocomposites. We have developed a new method of making nanostructured energetic materials, specifically explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics, using sol-gel chemistry. A novel sol-gel approach has proven successful in preparing metal oxide/silicon oxide nanocomposites in which the metal oxide is the major component. Two of the metal oxides are tungsten trioxide and iron(III) oxide, both of which are of interest in the field of energetic materials. Furthermore, due to the large availability of organically functionalized silanes, the silicon oxide phase can be used as a unique way of introducing organic additives into the bulk metal oxide materials. As a result, the desired organic functionality is well dispersed throughout the composite material on the nanoscale. By introducing a fuel metal into the metal oxide/silicon oxide matrix, energetic materials based on thermite reactions can be fabricated. The resulting nanoscale distribution of all the ingredients displays energetic properties not seen in its microscale counterparts due to the expected increase of mass transport rates between the reactants. The synthesis and characterization of these metal oxide/silicon oxide nanocomposites and their performance as energetic materials will be discussed.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived PZT/WO3 Ceramics

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.369 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55-57 ◽

pp. 369-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Sreesattabud ◽

Anucha Watcharapasorn ◽

Sukanda Jiansirisomboon

Keyword(s):

Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Rhombohedral Phase ◽

Lead Zirconate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Calcination Process ◽

Materials Used ◽

Phase Characterization ◽

Gel Processing

Lead zirconate titanate/tungsten oxide (PZT/WO3) ceramics were prepared from the powders synthesized by a modified triol sol-gel processing method. In this study, the starting materials used for synthesis of PZT-sol were zirconium (IV) propoxide, titanium (IV) isopropxide, lead (II) acetate trihydrate and 1,1,1,- tris (hydroxymethyl) ethane. To prepare PZT/xWO3 powders (where x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 wt%), nano-sized WO3 was ultrasonically dispersed and mixed with the PZT sol, dried and calcined at 600°C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction results indicated that fully crystallized powders were obtained. Phase characterization suggested that at high WO3 concentration, the reaction between PZT and WO3 occurred during the calcination process. To prepare PZT/xWO3 ceramics, the powders were pressed and sintered at 1100°C for 6 h. Phase characterization by XRD indicated that the content of WO3 significantly affected tetragonal-to-rhombohedral phase transition. Microstructure of thermally etched samples showed that increasing the content of WO3 decreased grain size of the ceramics.

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