scholarly journals Correction to: Materials science community support for teaching sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Theil ◽  
Ivana Aguiar ◽  
Sudheer Bandla ◽  
Yvonne Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Science Community

Materials science community support for teaching sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Theil ◽  
Ivana Aguiar ◽  
Sudheer Bandla ◽  
Yvonne Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Science Community

Electron holography of interfaces in electroceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1088-1089
Author(s):  
Vinayak P. Dravid ◽  
V. Ravikumar ◽  
Richard Plass
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Interference Phenomenon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Science Community

With the advent of coherent electron sources with cold field emission guns (cFEGs), it has become possible to utilize the coherent interference phenomenon and perform “practical” electron holography. Historically, holography was envisioned to extent the resolution limit by compensating coherent aberrations. Indeed such work has been done with reasonable success in a few laboratories around the world. However, it is the ability of electron holography to map electrical and magnetic fields which has caught considerable attention of materials science community.There has been considerable theoretical work on formation of space charge on surfaces and internal interfaces. In particular, formation and nature of space charge have important implications for the performance of numerous electroceramics which derive their useful properties from electrically active grain boundaries. Bonnell and coworkers, in their elegant STM experiments provided the direct evidence for GB space charge and its sign, while Chiang et al. used the indirect but powerful technique of x-ray microchemical profiling across GBs to infer the nature of space charge.

scholarly journals Liquid-State Dewetting of Pulsed-Laser-Heated Nanoscale Metal Films and Other Geometries

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Kondic ◽  
Alejandro G. González ◽  
Javier A. Diez ◽  
Jason D. Fowlkes ◽  
Philip Rack
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Thin Metal Film ◽  
Thermal Physics ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Laser Heated ◽  
Bimetallic Films

Metal films of nanoscale thickness, deposited on substrates and exposed to laser heating, provide systems that involve several interesting multiphysics effects. In addition to fluid mechanical aspects associated with a free boundary setup, other relevant physical effects include phase change, thermal flow, and liquid–solid interactions. Such films are challenging to model, in particular because inertial effects may be relevant, and large contact angles require care when considering the long-wave formulation. Applications of nanoscale metal films are numerous, and the materials science community is actively pursuing more complex setups involving templated films and substrates, bimetallic films and alloys, and a variety of elemental film geometries. The goal of this review is to discuss our current understanding of thin metal film systems, while also providing an overview of the challenges in this research area, which stands at the intersection of fluid mechanics, materials science, and thermal physics.

scholarly journals Ab Initio Study of the Electronic, Vibrational, and Mechanical Properties of the Magnesium Diboride Monolayer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Pešić ◽  
Igor Popov ◽  
Andrijana Šolajić ◽  
Vladimir Damljanović ◽  
Kurt Hingerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ab Initio ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Magnesium Diboride ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Fundamental Research

Magnesium diboride gained significant interest in the materials science community after the discovery of its superconductivity, with an unusually high critical temperature of 39 K. Many aspects of the electronic properties and superconductivity of bulk MgB 2 and thin sheets of MgB 2 have been determined; however, a single layer of MgB 2 has not yet been fully theoretically investigated. Here, we present a detailed study of the structural, electronic, vibrational, and elastic properties of monolayer MgB 2 , based on ab initio methods. First-principles calculations reveal the importance of reduction of dimensionality on the properties of MgB 2 and thoroughly describe the properties of this novel 2D material. The presence of a negative Poisson ratio, higher density of states at the Fermi level, and a good dynamic stability under strain make the MgB 2 monolayer a prominent material, both for fundamental research and application studies.

Radiation detector materials: An overview

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2561-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.D. Milbrath ◽  
A.J. Peurrung ◽  
M. Bliss ◽  
W.J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Detector Materials

Due to events of the past two decades, there has been new and increased usage of radiation-detection technologies for applications in homeland security, nonproliferation, and national defense. As a result, there has been renewed realization of the materials limitations of these technologies and greater demand for the development of next-generation radiation-detection materials. This review describes the current state of radiation-detection material science, with particular emphasis on national security needs and the goal of identifying the challenges and opportunities that this area represents for the materials-science community. Radiation-detector materials physics is reviewed, which sets the stage for performance metrics that determine the relative merit of existing and new materials. Semiconductors and scintillators represent the two primary classes of radiation detector materials that are of interest. The state-of-the-art and limitations for each of these materials classes are presented, along with possible avenues of research. Novel materials that could overcome the need for single crystals will also be discussed. Finally, new methods of material discovery and development are put forward, the goal being to provide more predictive guidance and faster screening of candidate materials and thus, ultimately, the faster development of superior radiation-detection materials.

scholarly journals Tuning magnetic properties of penta-graphene bilayers through doping with boron, nitrogen, and oxygen

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Marcelo dos Santos ◽  
Wiliam Ferreira da Cunha ◽  
Rafael Timóteo de Sousa Junior ◽  
William Ferreira Giozza ◽  
Luiz Antonio Ribeiro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Carbon Allotrope ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Substitutional Doping ◽  
Science Community

Abstract Penta-graphene (PG) is a carbon allotrope that has recently attracted the attention of the materials science community due to its interesting properties for renewable energy applications. Although unstable in its pure form, it has been shown that functionalization may stabilize its structure. A question that arises is whether its outstanding electronic properties could also be further improved using such a procedure. As PG bilayers present both sp$$^2$$ 2 and sp$$^3$$ 3 carbon planes, it consists of a flexible candidate for functionalization tuning of electromagnetic properties. In this work, we perform density functional theory calculations to investigate how the electronic and structural properties of PG bilayers can be tuned as a result of substitutional doping. Specifically, we observed the emergence of different magnetic properties when boron and nitrogen were used as dopant species. On the other hand, in the case of doping with oxygen, the rupture of bonds in the sp$$^2$$ 2 planes has not induced a magnetic moment in the material.

Ultrafast Imaging of Materials: Exploring the Gap of Space and Time

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne E. King ◽  
Michael Armstrong ◽  
Victor Malka ◽  
Bryan W. Reed ◽  
Antoine Rousse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Ultrafast Imaging ◽  
Ultrafast Optical ◽  
Science Community

AbstractThe materials science community is poised to take advantage of new technologies that add unprecedented time resolution to already existing spatial-resolution capabilities. In the same way that chemists and biologists are using ultrafast optical, photon, and particle techniques to reveal transition pathways, materials scientists can expect to use variations of these methods to probe the most fundamental aspects of complex transient phenomena in materials. The combination of high-spatial-resolution imaging with high time resolution is critical because it enables the observation of specific phenomena that are important to developing fundamental understanding. Such a capability is also important because it enables experiments that are on the same time and length scales as recent high-performance computer simulations. This article describes several new techniques that have great potential for broader application in materials science, including electron, x-ray, and γ-ray imaging.

Characterizing AEM sections: Ultramicrotomy ‘quality control’

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1110-1111
Author(s):  
D. Steele ◽  
T. Malis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Detailed Nature ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Diamond Knife

The wide variety of modern materials (alloys, ceramics, composites, layered structures) and the strict demands of microanalytical techniques (energy dispersive and energy loss spectroscopies) has resulted in a growing use of mechanically-based techniques for preparation of AEM specimens. One of these techniques is ultramicrotomy or diamond knife sectioning, which is seeing increasing usage in the materials science community. A recent review of the field has pointed out a number of significant factors affecting section quality such as knife wear and uniformity when sectioning ‘hard’ materials. As materials ultramicrotomy diversifies and matures, more information is required concerning the detailed nature of such factors in order to understand the artifacts peculiar to the technique and ultimately produce sections of suitable AEM quality in a consistent fashion.

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