scholarly journals Developing of Bluetooth mesh flooding between source-destination linking of nodes in wireless sensor networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9 (114)) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Shaymaa Kadhim Mohsin ◽  
Maysoon A. Mohammed ◽  
Helaa Mohammed Yassien
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Packet Delivery

Bluetooth uses 2.4 GHz in ISM (industrial, scientific, and medical) band, which it shares with other wireless operating system technologies like ZigBee and WLAN. The Bluetooth core design comprises a low-energy version of a low-rate wireless personal area network and supports point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections. The aim of the study is to develop a Bluetooth mesh flooding and to estimate packet delivery ratio in wireless sensor networks to model asynchronous transmissions including a visual representation of a mesh network, node-related statistics, and a packet delivery ratio (PDR). This work provides a platform for Bluetooth networking by analyzing the flooding of the network layers and configuring the architecture of a multi-node Bluetooth mesh. Five simulation scenarios have been presented to evaluate the network flooding performance. These scenarios have been performed over an area of 200×200 meters including 81 randomly distributed nodes including different Relay/End node configurations and source-destination linking between nodes. The results indicate that the proposed approach can create a pathway between the source node and destination node within a mesh network of randomly distributed End and Relay nodes using MATLAB environment. The results include probability calculation of getting a linking between two nodes based on Monte Carlo method, which was 88.7428 %, while the Average-hop-count linking between these nodes was 8. Based on the conducted survey, this is the first study to examine and demonstrate Bluetooth mesh flooding and estimate packet delivery ratio in wireless sensor networks

scholarly journals An efficient traffic contention and control mechanism to improve QoS in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Kavitha Ganesh ◽  
P. Latchoumy ◽  
A. Sonya
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Congestion Control ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
And Control

<span>Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSN) gathers information from a cooperative network. In HWSN, the sensor nodes are scattered and the major challenges are topology control, battery optimization, packet loss and link lifetime. The existing techniques do not concentrate on all the mentioned issues. The objective of this work is to provide congestion-free data transfer with higher throughput and increased packet delivery ratio. In the proposed methodology, three protocols are designed and developed, namely, Hop by Hop Rate Adjustment Protocol (HHRA), Energy Efficient Data Transfer Protocol (EEDT) and Alternative Routing Congestion Control Protocol (ARCC). The HHRA protocol senses the traffic in the channel and adjusts the transmission rate accordingly to avoid congestion. Secondly, the EEDT protocol is used to find specific nodes that are more efficient and transfer packets through those nodes to improve throughput. The ARCC protocol is used to redirect the path of transmission during the occurrence of congestion. Thus, the proposed traffic contention and control mechanisms ensures congestion free transmission and increases the packet delivery ratio by 23% and average throughput by 20% compared to the Dynamic Contention Window based Congestion Control (DCWCC) algorithm. </span>

scholarly journals Opportunistic Multipath Routing in Long-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangdae Kim ◽  
Beom-Su Kim ◽  
Kyong Hoon Kim ◽  
Ki-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Multipath Routing ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
Packet Delivery

To improve the packet delivery ratio in wireless sensor networks, many approaches such as multipath, opportunistic, and learning-based routing protocols have been proposed. However, the performance of the existing protocols are degraded under long-hop wireless sensor networks because the additional overhead is proportional to the number of hops. To deal with the overhead, we propose an opportunistic multipath routing that forecasts the required number of paths, as well as bifurcation based on opportunistic routing according to the reliability requirement. In the proposed scheme, an intermediate node is able to select a different node for each transmission and to handle path failure adaptively. Through a performance evaluation, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a higher packet delivery ratio and reduces the energy consumption by at least approximately 33% and up to approximately 65% compared with existing routing protocols, under the condition of an 80% link success ratio in the long-hop sensor network.

scholarly journals Wireless sensor network design for smart grids and Internet of things for ambient living using cross-layer techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 155014771986220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar Ali ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Shabbir Majeed ◽  
Imran Ahmed Mughal ◽  
Awais Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Dominating Set ◽  
Connected Dominating Set ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery

Due to the increased demand of wireless sensor networks for their characteristics like low energy consumption, robustness, and low cost in several demanding and complex applications like smart grid, health and safety, traffic and weather updates, there is need of monitoring the infrastructure in a timely manner with high reliability. In this article, a cross-layer data communication scheme target-aware cross-layer technique is proposed to enhance reliability and to reduce the latency in wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme uses connected dominating set at network layer where nodes in the connected dominating set are directly connected to all the other nodes in the network. Each sensor node sends the data to the nodes present in the connected dominating set, which forwards it to their respective destinations. The proposed scheme reduces the chances of collision resulting reduced delays. Higher packet delivery ratio is achieved with the proposed scheme results in improved reliability. The proposed scheme is outperforming other state-of-the-art schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, and data throughput with the default 802.15.4 and delay-responsive cross layer in both static and mobile scenarios using network simulator tool.

scholarly journals Effect on Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) & Throughput in Wireless Sensor Networks Due to Black Hole Attack

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Sybil Attack ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless Sensor Networks are in rapid advance occupying every field of our lives. They are in great demand and are widely used in transmission of data like temperature, pressure, humidity, speed etc. As these networks are wireless and are easily prone to intrusion by the attackers. Hence the basic concern is security of data. The nodes in the network will be sending information between the nodes, and in between the nodes intrusion takes place with attack like wormhole attack, black hole attack, sybil attack, hello flood attack etc. which corrupts data. These attacks effect the efficiency of the network and the parameters like packet delivery ratio and throughput of the network is affected. Black hole is a severe attack in network which alters most of the data before it is received at the sink, hence has to be detected and prevented. In this paper, Adhoc on demand distance vector (AODV) protocol is used to detect and prevent the black hole attack using Network Simulator (NS-2.3)

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