scholarly journals THE USE OF SURROGATE CURRENCY TO ADDRESS LIQUIDITY CRISIS: THE ZIMBABWEAN EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Varaidzo Denhere ◽  
◽  
David Mhlanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Liquidity Crisis ◽  
Desk Review

Zimbabwe has experienced an economic meltdown dating back to 2000, which created perennial economic woes such as a liquidity crisis that continued haunting the country to date. Various possible solutions were explored but did not yield the desired results. Amongst the explored solutions was an introduction of surrogate currency specifically to curb the liquidity crisis. This paper sought to explore the effects of using "surrogate currency" to address the liquidity crisis in Zimbabwe by employing a desk review. Currently, there is a dearth of literature on using surrogate currency in African countries. Hence this study contributes to the existing literature on the use of such currency. The review established that the surrogate currency led to the emergence of bad money as propounded by Gresham’s law of currency systems. Moreover, the surrogate currency rapidly lost its value, whereas the introduction of the surrogate currency failed to address the liquidity crisis, leading to other socio-economic challenges. Finally, financial reporting under the surrogate currency became a challenge as well. This study recommends the withdrawal of the surrogate currency and the use of multicurrency along with the promotion of products for export to attract more foreign currency into the economy.

Megascreens USA Inc.—A Foreign Operations Case

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Carslaw ◽  
S. E. C. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Consolidated Financial Statements ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Foreign Operations ◽  
Statement Of Cash Flows

This relatively short case gives students a comprehensive overview of the steps required to prepare consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP when a subsidiary prepares its accounts under a foreign GAAP—in this case, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). While the case is closely based on an actual Australasian company seeking listing in the United States, the product and the exact financial details are disguised. Specifically, the case exposes students to the following: accounting for foreign currency transactions; adjustments to convert foreign GAAP to U.S. GAAP (accounting for license fees); translation of financial statements; change of functional currency; remeasurement of financial statements; and foreign consolidation and statement of cash flows with foreign operations. The case has been field-tested in an advanced accounting course and is also suitable for use in international accounting courses. Both undergraduate and graduate students have profited from the case.

scholarly journals Institutional Isomorphism And Adoption Of International Public Sector Accounting Standards By African Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muganda Munir Manini
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Institutional Isomorphism ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Accounting

The international harmonization of financial reporting standards in the public sector is one of the significant public sector accounting reforms which have gained prominence in the recent past under the New Public Financial Management order. However, previous empirical evidence provided mixed results on the extent of African countries’ decision on the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards and its relationship with institutional isomorphism factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of institutional isomorphism (normative, mimetic and coercive) on the adoption International Public Sector Accounting Standards by African countries. The target population was 54 countries; however the final sample was 29 countries which comprised the dataset. A logistic regression analysis was thereafter conducted. Based on the Institutional Theory, the study revealed external public funding (coercive isomorphic pressure), the countries’ global competitiveness (mimetic isomorphic pressure), and human capital (normative isomorphic pressure) were non significant factors in a countries decision to adopt IPSAS. This study contributes to the literature on the international accounting in the public sector. The results of the study have significant managerial and theoretical implications for accounting standards regulators, researchers, and multilateral organizations.

Determinants of and Obstacles to the Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Lesley Stainbank ◽  
Venancio Tauringana
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Official Languages

This chapter investigates the determinants of and obstacles to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in Africa. Specifically we investigate whether English as an official language, educational levels, existence of a capital market, economic openness and economic growth are associated with the probability of a country adopting IFRSs with a sample of 46 African countries. Binary logistics regression was used to analyze the data. The results suggest that only English as one of the official languages was associated with the likelihood of a country adopting IFRSs. Through an examination of the Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes of the World Bank, we document that the major obstacles to adopting IFRSs are the lack of enabling legislation for its adoption and a lack of capacity in all aspects of the accounting supply chain. The chapter concludes that more research is needed at a continent level given that most of the determinants we investigated are not associated with the likelihood of a country adopting IFRSs.

The association between corporate governance mechanisms and compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements: evidence from 12 African countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1392
Author(s):  
Yosra Mnif ◽  
Hela Borgi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Mandatory Disclosure ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Expected Benefits

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the association between two corporate governance (CG) mechanisms, namely, the board of directors and the audit committee (AC) and the compliance level with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) mandatory disclosure requirements across 12 African countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a self-constructed checklist of 140 items to measure the compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosure requirements (here after, COMP) of 202 non-financial listed firms during the 2012–2016 period. This paper applies panel regressions. Findings The findings reveal that CG mechanisms play an important role in enhancing compliance with IFRS in the African context. The results show that board independence, AC independence and the number of meetings held by the AC are positively associated with COMP. Regarding expertize, this paper find that AC industry expertise along with accounting financial expertise is associated with a higher level of COMP than accounting financial expertize alone. These results show the importance of the CG mechanisms to enforce African companies to fully comply with IFRS required disclosures. Practical implications The findings should give a signal to supervisory authorities that more effort is necessary to enforce IFRS across African countries if the introduction of IFRS is to bring the expected benefits to investors and other users. Hence, the lack of full compliance should remain a concern for regulators, professional accounting bodies and policymakers. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by providing further insights that, within the African region an understudied context, extend current understanding of the association between CG mechanisms and COMP.

Determinants of IFRS compliance in Africa: analysis of stakeholder attributes

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tawiah ◽  
Pran Boolaky
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Compliance ◽  
Chartered Accountants

Purpose This paper aims to examine the drivers of companies’ compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) using the stakeholder salience theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used panel data from 205 companies to examine the IFRS compliance level across 13 African countries. This study has also established the relationship between stakeholders’ attributes and firms’ compliance with IFRS. Findings On IFRS compliance, the authors found that the average compliance score among the companies over the period was 73.09 per cent, with a minimum score of 62.86 per cent and a maximum of 85.61 per cent. The authors found a significant positive association between audit committee competence and compliance, as well as among chartered accountants on board. There is less compliance with the latest standards, such as IFRS 3, 7 and 13. Also, IAS 17, 19, 36 and 37 are problematic across the sample. The authors also found that compliance has been increasing over the years. Practical implications For companies, this study provides empirical evidence on the importance of having chartered accountants’ corporate boards, as well as competent audit committees involved in ensuring high compliance with IFRS. The findings also provide valuable information for professional accounting organizations on the role of their members (chartered accountants) in the effectiveness of IFRS compliance. Originality/value This study complements and updates prior studies on IFRS compliance with findings from Africa, a region that has been neglected in the literature. It provides empirical evidence on the importance of chartered accountants sitting on corporate boards in ensuring high compliance with IFRS.

scholarly journals The Value of Discretion in Africa: Evidence from Acquired Intangible Assets Under IFRS 3

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050008
Author(s):  
Abongeh A. Tunyi ◽  
Dimu Ehalaiye ◽  
Ernest Gyapong ◽  
Collins G. Ntim
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Value Relevance ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Main Hypothesis

This paper examines the value of managerial discretion in financial reporting by exploring the value relevance of intangible assets acquired in business combinations (AIA) before and after the 2008 International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 3 amendment. The 2008 IFRS 3 amendment gave managers the discretion to recognize previously unrecognized intangibles in the target firm, hence, we posit that if managerial discretion improves the quality of financial reporting, we should observe an increase in the value relevance of AIA after the amendment. Our empirical analysis is based on a dataset of 603 mergers announced between 2004 and 2016, across seven African countries. Consistent with our main hypothesis, we find that the value relevance of AIA, predominantly acquired goodwill (AGW), increased after the amendment, suggesting that managerial discretion improves the quality of financial information. Our results further show that the value of discretion is moderated by the underlying institutional quality, with the value relevance of AIA being greater in high-quality institutional contexts. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of AIA, alternative models for testing value relevance, and various controls for endogeneity. Overall, our findings have important implications for accounting standard-setters, governments, investors, and practitioners.

Corporate disclosure and foreign share ownership: empirical evidence from African countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-444
Author(s):  
Godfred A. Bokpin ◽  
Zangina Isshaq ◽  
Eunice Stella Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Corporate Disclosure ◽  
Statistical Relation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Share Ownership ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Corporate Disclosures

Purpose – The study aims to seeks to ascertain the impact of corporate disclosure on foreign equity ownership. Corporate disclosures are important to for stock markets because it is an activity that mitigates information differences between company insiders and outsiders. Design/methodology/approach – Corporate disclosures assume an even greater important when company outsiders are not domiciled in the same country as the company and the company insiders. In this study, the relation between foreign share ownership and corporate disclosures using data on Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria is examined. Findings – The consistent results in this study are that foreign share ownership is positively related to firm size. A negative relation, however, between foreign share ownership and corporate disclosure is found, but this turns out to be related to disclosures about ownership, while disclosures on financial reporting and board management have a positive and insignificant statistical relation taking into account unobserved country, time and firm effects. Further analysis shows that corporate disclosures are very persistent and negatively related to lag foreign share ownership. No consistent statistical relation is found between disclosure and market-to-book values as a proxy for investment opportunities. It is recommended to African-listed firms to pursue adoption of high-quality financial reporting standards and to increase their reporting on board management. The study also recommends that the African Government weighs the benefits of detailed ownership disclosures. Originality/value – The study utilises frontier market data to complement existing literature on how corporate disclosure and transparency influences foreign investors decision to invest in Africa.

scholarly journals Dampak Implementasi International Financial Reporting Standard Pada Penyajian Other Comprehensive Income Perusahaan Perdagangan, Jasa, dan Investasi di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Denny Rianto ◽  
Nurmala Ahmar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Reporting Standard ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standard ◽  
Comprehensive Income ◽  
Other Comprehensive Income

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the presentation of other comprehensive income and its components in the trade, service and investment industries after the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standard in Indonesia. The sample is the trade, service and investment industry sectors listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2012-2015. Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) shall be presented separately in the statements of income since 2013 and re-review for 2012 on the reporting of the relevant year. The components presented include asset revaluation, translation of foreign currency financial statements to reporting currency, actuarial changes in defined benefit obligations, changes in fair value in available-for-sale investments, fair value changes to current, joint and joint venture hedges. The result of the research shows that there is difference of presentation value of other comprehensive comprehensive component. Future research can examine the antecedents and consequent accounts of OCI components in public companies in Indonesia. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penyajian other comprehensive income dan komponennya pada industri perdagangan, jasa, dan investasi pasca penerapan International Financial Reporting Standard di Indonesia. Sampel adalah sektor industri perdagangan, jasa, dan investasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012-2015. Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) wajib disajikan secara terpisah pada laporan laba rugi sejak tahun 2013 dan saji ulang untuk tahun 2012 pada pelaporan tahun yang besangkutan. Komponen yang disajikan mencakup revaluasi aset, penjabaran laporan keuangan mata uang asing ke mata uang pelaporan, perubahan aktuarial dalam imbalan kerja manfaat pasti, perubahan nilai wajar dalam investasi yang tersedia untuk dijual, perubahan nilai wajar terhadap lindung nilai arus, asosiasi dan ventura bersama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan nilai penyajian komponen other comprehensive income. Riset mendatang dapat meneliti anteseden dan konsekuen akun komponen OCI pada perusahaan public di Indonesia. JEL Classification: M41, M48

Accounting Regulations and IFRS Adoption in Francophone North African Countries: The Experience of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Kamran Ahmed ◽  
Manzurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The European Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Historical Developments

This paper traces the historical developments of accounting regulations in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia and uses institutional theory to identify factors affecting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption as the national accounting standards in these countries. We find that the extent of convergence with IFRS in Algeria is higher compared to Morocco and Tunisia. This has been mostly due to greater foreign investor flows from Western countries in Algeria during the last decade, the dominant position of international Big-4 audit firms, and strong trade relationship of Algeria with the European Union (EU) compared with Morocco and Tunisia. We discuss the main challenges faced by these three countries in converging toward IFRS. These are underdeveloped equity markets, switching from French fiscal-oriented accounting systems to Anglo-Saxon accounting systems, and are characterized by lack of knowledge of principles-based IFRS by local professional accountants. Moreover, the convergence with IFRS in these countries is confronted by the prevailing small and medium-sized firms in the economic environment, difficulty in fair-value measurement in these settings, and the cost of convergence for companies. Our study has policy implications for those countries sharing similarities with these settings and have undertaken steps to implement IFRS.

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