scholarly journals The Income Tax Progression Depending on Social Insurance Contribution in Poland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Insurance Contribution ◽  
Insurance Contribution

scholarly journals Bracket Creep Revisited – with and without r > g: Evidence from Germany

2016 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Junyi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Household Finance ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Social Insurance Contribution ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
Redistributive Effect ◽  
Insurance Contribution

Using German income distribution in 2009, this article studies the redistributive and revenue effects of bracket creep under various inflation scenarios. We develop a tax micro-simulation model for the newly available Panel on Household Finance (PHF) data. The simulation yields an inverted U-shaped overall redistributive effect of the income tax and social insurance contribution system with respect to the inflation rate, which contrasts with Immervoll (2005), who finds that fiscal drag always enhances the equalising effect. The nominal income growth as well as the deterioration of tax progression at the middle and top of the income distribution between 1998 and 2009 can be the impetus for this change. This result implies that delaying adjustment might reduce redistribution. We also suggest that these results might not be restricted solely to Germany. Additionally, when we introduce the empirical evidence that capital income grows faster than non-capital income r > g, the dual tax system with a flat capital income tax implemented in 2009 further disequalises the after-tax income substantially. Allowing inflation compensation to lean towards the poor by boosting their share of capital income may not be favourable to redistribution.

REGIONAL ASPECTS OF TAXATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE UTII ABOLITION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1939-1948
Author(s):  
I.G. Tkharkakhova ◽  
◽  
M.E. Ordynskaya ◽  
D.I. Ponokova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Patent System ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Tax Deduction ◽  
High Share

Over the past years, the unified tax on imputed income has been the most convenient, effective, simple and economical for the majority of individual entrepreneurs in our country. Now entrepreneurs should abandon this tax regime. A very topical issue is the choice of the taxation system that will minimize budgetary obligations. Based on the Rosstat data, individual entrepreneurs occupy a fairly high share in the total population of entrepreneurs in this country. Taking into account the fact that the Republic of Adygea is an agricultural one, and in addition to standard cargo transportation, many individual entrepreneurs are also engaged in the transportation of agricultural products, we have selected this particular segment for research. The paper provides a comparative analysis of taxation systems that can be used by entrepreneurs providing freight services in the Republic of Adygea. For clarity, we examined such tax systems and special tax regimes as: tax on professional income, patent system, simplified “Income” taxation system. For each of the systems, both the advantages of its application and the disadvantages are systematized. The patent system may only have its own benefits for entrepreneurs operating in only one region and without employees. Professional income tax is similar to the simplified “Income” tax system. Only with this option there is no possibility of using the tax deduction of fixed contributions for pension and social insurance. The calculations and recommendations presented in the work will help individual entrepreneurs make the right choice. The most optimal variant can be chosen only by the entrepreneur himself, basing on the peculiarities of the entrepreneurial activity.

The Politics of Supporting Low-Wage Workers and Families

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Gitterman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Federal Minimum Wage ◽  
Hourly Basis

This chapter highlights two policies that supplement the earnings of low-wage workers: the federal minimum wage and the earned income tax credit (EITC). The need for earnings supplements arises in part from the nature of the jobs held by less-skilled, low-wage workers. Such jobs are likely to be compensated on an hourly basis, not salaried, and are less likely to be full time. A focus on the minimum wage and the EITC contributes to—and expands our understanding of—the American welfare state in two ways. First, it looks beyond social insurance and public assistance, which have been considered the main tools of social policy, to explore the importance of alternative antipoverty policies. Second, it moves beyond income support to nonworkers to focus on efforts to support individuals who areactivein the labor market.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithuanian tax reform to companies results

2014 ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Jovita Kalantaitė ◽  
Rasa Subačienė
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
National Budget

Global economic crisis reached Lithuania in 2008, as a response to ongoing economic downturn, the government of the Republic of Lithuania introduced tax reform. Analysis of factors determined by the tax reform will be presented in the article. However, main arguments will concentrate on evaluation of companies activities and results as business is one of the key pillars on which Lithuanian economy is built on: taxes form a significant part of individual company’s expenses and on the other side – taxes are a main stream of revenue for the national budget. The most significant taxes in overall national budget composition could be named as the following: personal income tax, social insurance taxes, value added tax, corporate income tax, excise tax and others. In relation to the global crisis tax income has decreased significantly in year 2009 and at the end of year 2012 has still not reached the level of year 2008. However, from the company’s perspective, employees related taxes are considered as most significant as they form almost a half of total taxes paid by companies. Decrease of taxes related to payroll (personal income tax, social insurance taxes) was followed by growth of unemployment, decrease on average salary and growth of the shadow economy. Drop in GDP, inflation and decline in sales made impact on decrease of tax revenue of value added tax, as shadow economy and reduced consumption of excisable goods influenced the value of excise tax revenue. The tax revenue of corporate income tax was influenced by decline of net profit and profitability, increased number of bankruptcy.

scholarly journals Personal income tax reform in Latvia: assessment of effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa Bule ◽  
Līga Leitāne ◽  
Kristīne Rozīte
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Income Tax Reform

Personal income tax (PIT) policy in Latvia has been changed significantly in 2018 with the aim to reduce the tax burden and increase the income of working population by amending progressive tax rates and increasing the non-taxable minimum and minimum wage. Purpose − the aim of this study is to estimate the impact of PIT reform by assessing the effect of implementation of non-taxable minimum, deductions and substantiated spending on the dynamics of income and tax administration efficiency. Research methodology − PIT theoretic and normative concepts have been analyzed; unpublished data on actual wages in 2015−2018 provided by Latvian State Revenue Service and State Social Insurance Agency have been estimated. Findings − the main conclusion of this study is that the aim of the reform has not been achieved: income inequality hasn’t been reduced, an increase of income has been irrelevant, the gains from the reform have become unobtainable for the most unprotected groups because of the insufficient level of income. The implementation of the differentiated non-taxable minimum has generated PIT debts and higher administrative burden. Practical implications − the study may be implemented in case of progressive PIT for the reassessment of the tax framework and its future development. Originality/Value − this study is original, the actual effect of PIT reform in Latvia previously hasn’t been analyzed.

Social Insurance and Welfare

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Klosko
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Supplemental Security Income ◽  
Great Society ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
American Political Culture ◽  
Basic Distinction

Distinctive nature of social insurance and how American welfare programs were justified in these terms. Programs discussed are Social Security, “welfare” (AFDC/TANF), Supplemental Security Income, Earned Income Tax Credit, and Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society. Emphasis on basic distinction in American political culture between “deserving” and “undeserving” citizens.

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