Factors Associated With Nursing Home Residents’ COVID-19 Infections: A Systematic Review of Literature

Background Nursing homes were impacted disproportionately by the coronavirus because of their resident’s vulnerabilities and settings. Even many previous studies illustrated factors related to nursing home residents’ Covid-19 infections, there’s no such study epitomizing those factors systematically, while some factors were controversial in different studies. The article aims to summarize major types of factors and provide crucially influential implications for nursing homes to prevent and manage their resident infections. Methods All articles published between 01 January 2020 - 15 January 2021 in English version were searched through three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two authors screened and evaluated a total of 121 studies independently based on selection and extraction criteria. Results Seventeen identified studies were included in the research, which involved five major types of factors (nursing home’s residence, nursing home, staff, resident, and others). Conclusion nursing home’s county infection rate, size, and staff residence were the strongest significant factors in many studies. Per-capital income, symptom-based screening and testing, and asymptomatic individuals have impacted resident’s infections variously since the beginning of the pandemic. Nursing home’s star rating and a total count of fines became factors when considered its locations. Other factors, including nursing home’s type, historical health deficiencies, staffing level, and staff working different facilities, etc., were also significant factors. The value of factors suggests healthcare systems reflect appropriate measures and allocate more resources to nursing homes in high prevalence counties on the basis of universal allocation.

Analysis of Capital Income, Inflation, and Effects Savings on Community Consumption in Ternate City, North Molucas

This examination was led to gauge the factors that impact individuals' utilization design in Ternate City by utilizing the macroeconomic idea of the monetary factors to be contemplated, specifically pay per capita, swelling, and reserve funds. The populace and test in this investigation were individuals of Template City. The insightful strategy used to test theories is different relapse examination. In light of the consequences of examination on the impact of pay on pay. Expansion and reserve funds on society utilization in the city of Template from 2009 to 2018 by utilizing a various relapse model can be closed as follows. The Income Per Capita Variable has a huge beneficial outcome on the Community Consumption of Template City; the Inflation variable has a positive and unimportant impact on the Community Consumption of Tomato City. The investment funds variable has a negative and unimportant impact on local area utilization in the City of Template. The factors of per capita pay, expansion, and Savings together have a huge beneficial outcome on Community Consumption in Ternate City.

Investor asset valuation under a wealth tax and a capital income tax

We study how a capital income tax and a wealth tax affect an investor's valuation of a company's stock in an efficient international capital market. Using a one-period model, a model of infinite horizon where the asset generates a future cash flow that is a martingale, and a finite horizon model where we abandon the martingale assumption, we find that a wealth tax and/or a capital income tax do not lead investors to value an investment differently from untaxed investors. Investors who seek a higher pre-tax rate of return due to capital taxes harm their own wealth.

Rising Inequality and Spatial Social Segregation due to Urbanization and Increasing Housing Prices

Globally, housing markets in urban areas have seen significant increase in prices over the past years. These developments are of relevance for the local population as well as social processes that underline the urban cohabitation. Increasing income inequality can impede social mobility, economic opportunities and lead to rising social segregation. While the effect of rising housing prices and social segregation are commonly subject of interest, the effect of capital income on inequality through the channel of housing prices is less investigated in current research. This paper provides empirical evidence from Sweden that urbanization through the channel of housing markets leads to segregation and inequality. Urbanization causes housing prices to rise disproportionately to income. Consequently, segregation of social strata takes place as well as an overall rise in capital income for those high-income urban residents. Therefore, increasing housing prices extend the inequality in wealth and capital income. The capital income distribution trend in turn leads to rising inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient. The presented analysis indicates that increasing housing prices may potentially have adverse effects on social equity, even in highly developed welfare state like Sweden.

Immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment

We study immigrant-native differences in long-term self-employment in Sweden combining population-wide register data and a unique survey targeting a large representative sample of the total population of long-term self-employment. Using the registers, we analyze the evolution of labor and capital incomes during the first 10 years following self-employment entry. We find that immigrant-native differences in labor income become smaller, whereas immigrant-native differences in capital income grow stronger, over the course of self-employment. These findings are robust to controlling for factors such as organizational form and type of industry. We use the survey data to gain further insights into immigrant-native differences among the long-term self-employed, and show that immigrant self-employed experience more problems and earn less, but work harder than native self-employed. They also have a less personal relation to their customers, do not enjoy their work as much as natives, and appear to have different perspectives on self-employment in general.

Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kondisi Ekonomi Pedagang Olahan Hasil Laut di Kecamatan Bulak, Surabaya

This study aims to know the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on processed fisheries' sellers' economic conditions in Bulak District, Surabaya City. The data collection technique was done by observing, interviewing, and documenting. This research was conducted from March until April 2021. The method of analysis in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank. This study indicates that the Covid-19 pandemic affects the economic conditions of processed fisheries' sellers in Bulak District, Surabaya City. A significant value can prove this effect in the test results < 0.05, which means a substantial difference in the outpouring of working time, capital, income, and household consumption of processed fisheries' sellers before and after the Covid-19 pandemic.

Between communism and capitalism: long-term inequality in Poland, 1892–2015

We construct the first consistent series on the long-term distribution of income in Poland by combining tax, household survey and national accounts data. We document a U-shaped evolution of inequalities from the end of the nineteenth century until today: (1) inequality was high before WWII; (2) abruptly fell after the introduction of communism in 1947 and stagnated at low levels during the whole communist period; (3) experienced a sharp rise with the return to capitalism in 1989. We find that official survey-based measures strongly under-estimate the rise in inequality since 1989. Our results highlight the prominent role of capital income in driving the U-shaped evolution of top income shares. The unique inequality history of Poland speaks to the central role of institutions and policies in shaping inequality in the long run.