scholarly journals Selection of the method of linear ordering using the example of assessing the level of socio-economic development of European Union countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyses the level of propensity to use the Internet in 28 countries of the European Union in 2010 and 2019 and assesses its dynamics of changes in this period. For this purpose, information available in the databases of Eurostat and the World Bank regarding the ways in which the Internet was used by citizens and households. The study omitted issues related to the commercial use of the Internet potential by enterprises. For individual years, taxonomic synthetic measures were constructed based on a set of diagnostic features, using the TOPSIS method. These measures determine, respectively: the level of willingness to use the network by citizens and households of individual EU countries as well as the rate of changes in the analysed period. The research shows that the highest propensity to use the Internet was characteristic of citizens of Northern European countries and the lowest was in Southern Europe. The R environment and the Statistica package were used for the calculations.

scholarly journals The (uncertain) future of online data privacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Dan Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Privacy Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Selection Of

In this article I will address a somewhat eclectic selection of data privacy topics that I think are of particular significance, including:Some international developments in the data privacy law area;Extraterritoriality issues including the ‘jurisdictional lasagne’;The recently decided Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) case on the so-called ‘right to be forgotten’;‘Big Data’ and the Internet of Things; andThe concept of ‘consent’.

scholarly journals Analysis of the differentiated Internet use in the activity of the EU enterprises in 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Skowronek-Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
European Regional Policy ◽  
European Regional ◽  
The Eu

The article aims at identification of dependencies occurring in relation to the Internet use in the activities of enterprises in the European Union countries in 2014. The research hypothesis assumed that the spatial diversity exists in the European Union in the area under study. The article presents the results of research conducted on the basis of data from the European Statistical Office regarding the use of the Internet in the activities of enterprises in 2014. The study covered 28 countries in the European Union. On account of the nature of research, the methods of Multidimensional Comparative Analysis were employed. The acquired knowledge has a cognitive dimension and can be applied in practice to set tasks for leveling out the development differences with regard to the European regional policy in the subsequent financial perspectives.

scholarly journals Selection of the method of linear ordering using the example of assessing the level of socio-economic development of European Union countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Optimal Ordering ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

The aim of the article is to present the issues of choosing the optimal procedure for the linear ordering of objects and assessing the correctness of the selected methods of the linear ordering. The goal was achieved by creating linear ordering of objects using various methods for normalizing the value of diagnostic features. An aggregate measure based on various properties of the synthetic feature was used to select the optimal ordering, among others, the compatibility of the mapping, the correlation of the synthetic line variable with diagnostic variables, the rank correlation of the synthetic variable with diagnostic variables and the variability of the synthetic variable. The study was conducted based on the example of data concerning 28 European Union countries according to the level of socio-economic development in the context of sustainable development concerning society, economy and the environment. The linear ordering of countries using the quotient transformation with an arithmetic mean turned out to be the most correct ordering

scholarly journals The use of cement concrete pavements for roads, depending on climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Iryna Solonenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Road Network ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rational Selection ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

The development of road network infrastructure is an important component of the economic development of the European Union. Updating of the road network contributes to the integration of the economies of countries into a coherent whole. The road network provides the free movement of citizens, the movement of goods and the effective implementation of various services. The increase in the length of the road network leads to an increase in the financial and material costs necessary to ensure its maintenance and repair. One of the ways to reduce costs is by strengthening the physic-mechanical and operational characteristics of the pavement due to the widespread use of cement concrete. The quality of the pavement of cement concrete depends largely on the rational selection of its composition. This allows a significant increase in the durability of road pavement. The purpose of the research was: the development of recommendations for the rational selection of the composition of the road pavement material of cement concrete, aimed at upgrading longevity, and taking into account its frost resistance grade. According to the goal, the following tasks were developed: the analyses of the climatic zones in which the road network of the European Union is located; the development of a research plan, a selection of the response function and influence factors; the study of physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the researched material of road pavement; on the basis of the obtained data, the calculation of the complex of experimental-statistical models, which describe the physico-mechanical and operational characteristics of the road pavement material; on the basis of experimental statistical models, a method was proposed for selecting the rational compositions of the cement concrete pavement road material depending on the conditions of its application. The results presented in the article can be used in engineering and scientific practice for the selection of road pavement from cement concrete for highways.

The ‘Pillared-Privatisation’ of Pension Provision in the European Union: The Case of the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ring ◽  
Roddy McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
The Road ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

Across the European Union, national governments are re-assessing the institutional mechanisms through which pension provision is delivered. This articles sets the debate within the wider context of the ‘pillared’ structural analysis often adopted by international institutions when discussing pensions reform. It then sets out a detailed discussion of developments in the UK, arguing that the UK is moving towards a model of reform akin to that promoted by the World Bank – referred to here as ‘pillared-privatisation’. The themes of this model indicate more means-testing, greater private provision, and a shift of the burden of risk from the government to individuals. An assessment is then made of the implications of UK developments for other EU countries. It is suggested that while there are strong reasons to think that other countries will not travel as far down the road of ‘pillared-privatisation’ as the UK, this should not be taken as a ‘given’.

scholarly journals Operationalizing smart specialization in a Portuguese follower region

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Alexandre Almeida ◽  
Óscar Afonso ◽  
Mario Silva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Eu

The inability of the European Union (EU) to grow has raised questions regarding the effectiveness of competitiveness and growth policies. To increase efficacy, the EU has determined that regions must undergo an exercise in smart specialization and devise a strategy for the same. However, particularly in follower regions facing severe locked-in problems and structural bottlenecks, the application of smart specialization may require adjustments and a more dynamic vision, especially with regard to the follower regions. Furthermore, many operational issues arise in the programming and policy-devising stages. This article aims to contribute to this debate by proposing a framework to guide the selection of priorities and by applying the proposed framework to the Portuguese North region.

Techno-Social Systems in the Internet as a Tool for Social Adaptation of the Visually Impaired

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-319
Author(s):  
Gennadi B. Pronchev ◽  
Inna V. Goncharova ◽  
Nadezhda G. Proncheva ◽  
Danila N. Monakhov ◽  
Irina V. Vasenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Visually Impaired People ◽  
Impaired People

The chapter deals with issues related to social adaptation of the visually impaired in techno-social systems of the internet. The current legislation providing access for visually impaired people to such techno-social systems is analyzed, as well as the way the legislation is implemented. Traditions and innovations in the field of accessibility of techno-social systems for visually impaired people in Russia are discussed. The opportunities of the electronic banking system of the European Union and Great Britain for the visually impaired are analyzed.

scholarly journals Smart Villages: Where Can They Happen?

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Komorowski ◽  
Monika Stanny
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The European Union is actively promoting the idea of “smart villages”. The increased uptake of new technology and in particular, the use of the internet, is seen as a vital part of strategies to combat rural decline. It is evident that those areas most poorly connected to the internet are those confronted by the greatest decline. The analysis in this paper is based on Poland, which at the time of EU accession had many deeply disadvantaged rural areas. Using fine-grained socio-economic data, an association can be found between weak internet access and rural decline in Poland. The preliminary conclusions about the utility of the smart village concept as a revitalisation tool for rural Poland point to theoretical and methodological dilemmas. Barriers to the concept’s implementation are also observed, although there is a chance they may be overcome with the continued spread of information and communication technologies in rural areas.

E-Government at Supranational Level in the European Union

2011 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
F. Amoretti
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Information Society ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
White Paper ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Community Programmes

The term “e-government” became part of the political vocabulary toward the end of the 1990s. Previously, with the onset of new technologies, it found its place in the wider “semantic container,” the information society. To respond to the United States and Japan’s economic challenge, the European Commission drew up a “White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness, and Employment: Challenges and Ways Forward to the 21st Century” (the so-called Delors’ White Paper). The construction of the IS is considered one of the five fundamental priorities of the Union to create a “common information area” based on ICTs and telematic infrastructure. E-government was the key element of significant community programmes (i.e., IDA [Interchange of Data between Administrations] and TEN-TELECOM [from 2002 renamed eTen]). A decisive step toward the development of EU policies for e-government came with the approval, in June 2000, of the Action Plan “eEurope 2002: An Information Society for All.” Guidelines were fixed for greater use of the Internet, and the initiative “Government online: electronic access to public services, [which] aims to ensure that citizens have easy access to essential public data, [...] [and, in order to improve] efficiency in the public sector, will require a re-thinking of internal organisation and of electronic exchanges between institutions” (Council of the European Union & Commission of the European Communities, 2000, p. 22). A few months previously, based on numerous EC documents, the Council of Europe of Lisbon indicated an ambitious objective for the European Union: “to become the most competitive and dynamic economy based on knowledge in the world, capable of achieving sustainable economic growth, creating new and better jobs and more social cohesion.” The so-called “Lisbon strategy” to permit Europe to recover the delay accumulated compared to the U.S., was intended to guide community policies up to 2010. It is in this context, interwoven with different and often conflicting pressures (economic competition and social cohesion, market logics, and the language of rights) that action plans are formulated and policies for e-government implemented in Europe.

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