scholarly journals Analysis of the differentiated Internet use in the activity of the EU enterprises in 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Skowronek-Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
European Regional Policy ◽  
European Regional ◽  
The Eu

The article aims at identification of dependencies occurring in relation to the Internet use in the activities of enterprises in the European Union countries in 2014. The research hypothesis assumed that the spatial diversity exists in the European Union in the area under study. The article presents the results of research conducted on the basis of data from the European Statistical Office regarding the use of the Internet in the activities of enterprises in 2014. The study covered 28 countries in the European Union. On account of the nature of research, the methods of Multidimensional Comparative Analysis were employed. The acquired knowledge has a cognitive dimension and can be applied in practice to set tasks for leveling out the development differences with regard to the European regional policy in the subsequent financial perspectives.

scholarly journals E-commerce Analysis in selected European Union Countries: Position of Croatia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Kurnoga ◽  
Ana Slišković
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Computer and mobile technology, Internet use and e-commerce have grown enormously in recent years. The main aim of this paper was to analyse the e-commerce of Croatia, the European Union (EU) countries and the post-transition EU countries. Due to technological progress, the paper among other things, analyses the trend of online purchase at the Croatian and the EU level. The analysis revealed the presence of a linear trend. Furthermore, hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analyses were used to classify the countries, first at the EU level and then at the level of the post-transition EU countries. Two variables, the Internet use expressed as a percentage of individuals with the last Internet use in the last 12 months and the Internet purchases expressed as a percentage of individuals with the last online purchase in the last 12 months were used to classify those countries. According to Ward’s method with squared Euclidean distances and dendrogram, the countries were classified into three clusters, which were then used as the basis for the k-means method. Finally, the cluster analysis resulted in the following three clusters: most developed, developed and less developed. Croatia was classified in the less developed cluster at the level of the EU countries, while at the level of the post-transition EU countries it was classified in the developed cluster.

Innovativeness of Poland at the European Union background – analysis using decomposition of the Summary Innovation Index (SII)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tylec ◽  
Zuzanna Ostraszewska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Graphical Presentation ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to present the innovation level of Poland versus the results of the European Union based on the Summary Innovation Index (SII). For its implementation, the decomposition of the SII was performed first, followed by the presentation and analysis of the data taken into account in determining the level of innovation of particular countries and in the EU. In the article one used the method of analysis, including the literature of the subject, reports on innovation published in the Internet, the descriptive method and the method of graphical presentation of data.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AS BENEFICIARIES OF AREA AND OPERATIONAL PAYM ENTS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION IN POLAND IN THE PERIOD OF 2007-2013

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
Kamil Kaliński ◽  
Roman Rudnicki ◽  
Katarzyna Wilczyńska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spatial Diversification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article was to assess the spatial diversity of payments of European Union assistance programmes implemented in the financial period of 2007-2013, which were directed to farms, as well as the assessment of the structure of these funds. It was shown that as much as PLN 121.2 billion – nearly 25.6% of the total – were distributed to the above-mentioned group of beneficiaries. The analysis was based on amounts of the obtained payments, including their division, as proposed by the authors, into area payments (dependent on the current subsidy rates per 1 ha of agricultural acreage) and operational payments (related to the implementation of specific aid measures within the CAP), with a breakdown into four absorption directions by the established groups of endogenous features of agriculture. A number of indicators and the cartogram method were used. The studies have demonstrated that the structure of these funds is dominated by area payments (77%), which are egalitarian, independent from the implementation of specific modernisation projects, applicable to all agricultural holdings and related to the agricultural acreage in good agricultural condition and the area of crops subject to the relevant payment. Besides the analysis of the spatial diversification of the above-mentioned payments by voivodships and counties, the research was guided towards the assessment of the relation between area and operational payments (Polish average 0.30), assuming that the share of the latter – given the impact of the EU funds – plays a decisive role in the modernisation of agriculture.

scholarly journals Speciális régiótípusok az Európai Unió regionális egyenlőtlenségeiben

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-316
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Support ◽  
Geographical Elements ◽  
European Regional Policy ◽  
European Regional

n the regional policy of the European Union, the importance of regional typologies linked to specific geographical elements has varied over the past decades. This article shows that since the 1990s the role of these specific regional typologies, and thus of regional characteristics, in European regional policy has been declining. However, the analysis of a wide range of socio-economic data reveals that some types of regions (sparsely populated regions, outermost regions, external border regions) are in a particularly unfavourable socio-economic situation, while others may need specific support not at European but at macro-regional level (for example, the coastal regions of the Mediterranean). The article concludes that, although the value of GDP per capita is indeed only marginally explained by the different regional typologies, broadening the concept of underdevelopment and recognising macro-regional challenges could be a priority for the European Union.

EU Tackles Cybercrime

2011 ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Sylvia Mercado Kierkegaard
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
International Response ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The growing importance of information and communication infrastructure opens up new opportunities for criminal activities. The European Union has therefore taken a number of steps to fight harmful and illegal content on the Internet, protect intellectual property and personal data, promote electronic commerce and tighten up the security of transactions. However, in spite of the EU initiatives, many observers believe that cybercrime requires an international response that should include countries that are havens for cybercriminals.

scholarly journals STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE EU INFOSOC DIRECTIVE WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE PROVISIONS OF COPYRIGHT EXCEPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167-2170
Author(s):  
Ivona Sekulovska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Exceptions And Limitations ◽  
Copyright Directive ◽  
The Eu

Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society also known as the InfoSoc Directive, entered into force on 22 June 2001.625 In the language of the European Union “information society” means the internet. In order to respond to the new forms of exploitation of the copyright works, the law on copyright and related right needed to be adapted. These economic challenges require a new and flexible Community legal framework, so that the information society could be maintained and developed. However, the objectives of the Copyright Directive resulted in providing measures that concern both the analog and the digital environment, and is further questioned whether the objective of harmonizing the copyright laws has been met. So in this paper the strengths and the weaknesses of certain provisions of the Directive will be briefly summarized.

Digital Gender Divide and Convergence in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
María López-Martínez ◽  
Olga García-Luque ◽  
Myriam Rodríguez-Pasquín
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ict Use ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Gender Divide ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the digital gender divide in the European Union (EU) countries by applying two widely used indicators: percentage of the population who has used the Internet in the last 3 months (ICT-USE indicator) and percentage of the population who has made an online purchase in the last 3 months (ICT-PURCHASE indicator). With these indicators, the digital gender gaps are shown in absolute and relative terms. In addition, the European convergence beta and sigma, between the years 2007 and 2019, is also analyzed. The results among European countries show that the ICT-USE indicator has a lower dispersion than the ICT-PURCHASE indicator; hence, in general, the digital gender divide or gap is usually lower when ICT-USE is used in comparison with ICT-PURCHASE. The highest values of the digital gender gap in the EU, regardless of the indicator used, are found in Croatia and Italy, reflecting an unfavorable position for women. Ireland is also in this group, but in its case, the results show an unfavorable position for men. Additionally, Cyprus does not register gender differences in either of the two indicators analyzed. Finally, the convergence between European countries is corroborated, both in the indicators analyzed and in the different gender digital gaps built.

Le Agenzie dell’Unione Europea. Profili istituzionali e tendenze evolutive (The Agencies of the European Union. Institutional Profiles and Evolutionary Tendencies), by Vincenzo Salvatore. Pavia, Italy: Jean Monnet Centre of Pavia, University of Pavia, 2011, available on the Internet at .

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
Mariachiara Alberton
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Institutional Model ◽  
Delegation Of Powers ◽  
The Eu

This book, coordinated and supervised by Prof. Vincenzo Salvatore, is part of the output of the workshop organized by the Università dell’Insubria in Varese in November 2010 which gathered legal and economic scholars and experts of EU Institutions with the aim of presenting and discussing present problems and future challenges of the EU agencies. The diverse set of perspectives contained in the book contributes significantly to rethink the role and nature of the EU agency institutional model, by pointing out some of the most relevant legal issues such as the delegation of powers and the lack of homogeneity of the model, which reflect features and peculiarities of the EU integration process.

Of War and Peace: A European Technological Tale

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
Esteve Sanz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Future ◽  
Democratic Life ◽  
The Eu

This article studies the formation of the European Union as a technological discourse. It traces the technological narrative from the origins of the Community until the current debates around the internet and the future of the Union. In search of a renewed telos, the European rhetoric of an open internet could express the commitment of the EU to re-link its popular legitimacy away from liberal abstractions and closer to the concrete, subjective experience of individuals, actively sharing a peaceful, dense and diverse democratic life.

scholarly journals Selection of the method of linear ordering using the example of assessing the level of socio-economic development of European Union countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Selection Of

The article analyses the level of propensity to use the Internet in 28 countries of the European Union in 2010 and 2019 and assesses its dynamics of changes in this period. For this purpose, information available in the databases of Eurostat and the World Bank regarding the ways in which the Internet was used by citizens and households. The study omitted issues related to the commercial use of the Internet potential by enterprises. For individual years, taxonomic synthetic measures were constructed based on a set of diagnostic features, using the TOPSIS method. These measures determine, respectively: the level of willingness to use the network by citizens and households of individual EU countries as well as the rate of changes in the analysed period. The research shows that the highest propensity to use the Internet was characteristic of citizens of Northern European countries and the lowest was in Southern Europe. The R environment and the Statistica package were used for the calculations.

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