PEEK Dental Implants: A Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schwitalla ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Müller
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Chemical Modulation

The insertion of dental implants containing titanium can be associated with various complications (eg, hypersensitivity to titanium). The aim of this article is to evaluate whether there are existing studies reporting on PEEK (polyetheretherketone) as an alternative material for dental implants. A systematic literature search of PubMed until December 2010 yielded 3 articles reporting on dental implants made from PEEK. One article analyzed stress distribution in carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) dental implants by the 3-dimensional finite element method, demonstrating higher stress peaks due to a reduced stiffness compared to titanium. Two articles reported on investigations in mongrel dogs. The first article compared CFR-PEEK to titanium-coated CFR-PEEK implants, which were inserted into the femurs and evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks. The titanium-coated implants showed significantly higher bone-implant contact (BIC) rates. In a second study, implants of pure PEEK were inserted into the mandibles beside implants made from titanium and zirconia and evaluated after 4 months, where PEEK presented the lowest BIC. The existing articles reporting on PEEK dental implants indicate that PEEK could represent a viable alternative material for dental implants. However, further experimental studies on the chemical modulation of PEEK seem to be necessary, mainly to increase the BIC ratio and to minimize the stress distribution to the peri-implant bone.

Impact of Dental and Zygomatic Implants on Stress Distribution in Maxillary Defects: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Mehmet Korkmaz ◽  
Yavuz Tolga Korkmaz ◽  
Suat Yaluğ ◽  
Turan Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Loading Condition ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Maxillary Defect ◽  
Zygomatic Implants ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Zygomatic Implant

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in the bone around dental and zygomatic implants for 4 different implant-supported obturator prostheses designs in a unilaterally maxillary defect using a 3-dimensional finite element stress analysis. A 3-dimensional finite element model of the human unilateral maxillary defect was constructed. Four different implant-supported obturator prostheses were modeled; model 1 with 2 zygomatic implants and 1 dental implant, model 2 with 2 zygomatic implants and 2 dental implants, model 3 with 2 zygomatic implants and 3 dental implants, and model 4 with 1 zygomatic implant and 3 dental implants. Bar attachments were used as superstructure. A 150-N vertical load was applied in 3 different ways, and von Mises stresses in the cortical bone around implants were evaluated. When the models (model 1–3) were compared in terms of number of implants, all of the models showed similar highest stress values under the first loading condition, and these values were less than under model 4 conditions. The highest stress values of models 1–4 under the first loading condition were 8.56, 8.59, 8.32, and 11.55 Mpa, respectively. The same trend was also observed under the other loading conditions. It may be concluded that the use of a zygomatic implant on the nondefective side decreased the highest stress values, and increasing the number of dental implants between the most distal and most mesial implants on the nondefective side did not decrease the highest stress values.

Novel and simplified optimisation pathway using response surface and design of experiments methodologies for dental implants based on the stress of the cortical bone

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110253
Author(s):  
João PO Freitas ◽  
Bruno Agostinho Hernandez ◽  
Paulo J Paupitz Gonçalves ◽  
Edmea C Baptista ◽  
Edson A Capello Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Dental implants are widely used as a long-term treatment solution for missing teeth. A titanium implant is inserted into the jawbone, acting as a replacement for the lost tooth root and can then support a denture, crown or bridge. This allows discreet and high-quality aesthetic and functional improvement, boosting patient confidence. The use of implants also restores normal functions such as speech and mastication. Once an implant is placed, the surrounding bone will fuse to the titanium in a process known as osseointegration. The success of osseointegration is dependent on stress distribution within the surrounding bone and thus implant geometry plays an important role in it. Optimisation analyses are used to identify the geometry which results in the most favourable stress distribution, but the traditional methodology is inefficient, requiring analysis of numerous models and parameter combinations to identify the optimal solution. A proposed improvement to the traditional methodology includes the use of Design of Experiments (DOE) together with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). This would allow for a well-reasoned combination of parameters to be proposed. This study aims to use DOE, RSM and finite element models to develop a simplified optimisation analysis method for dental implant design. Drawing on data and results from previous studies, two-dimensional finite element models of a single Branemark implant, a multi-unit abutment, two prosthetic screws, a prosthetic crown and a region of mandibular bone were built. A small number of combinations of implant diameter and length were set based on the DOE method to analyse the influence of geometry on stress distribution at the bone-implant interface. The results agreed with previous studies and indicated that implant length is the critical parameter in reducing stress on cortical bone. The proposed method represents a more efficient analysis of multiple geometrical combinations with reduced time and computational cost, using fewer than a third of the models required by the traditional methods. Further work should include the application of this methodology to optimisation analyses using three-dimensional finite element models.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A DENTAL IMPLANT

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHYH-CHOUR HUANG ◽  
CHANG-FENG TSAI
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stress Concentration Effect ◽  
Implant System

This paper presents results from using a 3-dimensional finite element model to assess the stress distribution in the bone, in the implant and in the abutment as a function of the implant's diameter and length. Increasing implant diameter and length increases the stability of the implant system. By using a finite element analysis, we show that implant length does not decrease the stress distribution of either the implant or the bone. Alternatively, however implant diameter increases reduce the stresses. For the latter case, the contact area between implant and bone is increased thus the stress concentration effect is decreased. Also, with increased implant diameter the bone loss is decreased and as a consequence the success rate is improved.

Influence of the Implant Diameter With Different Sizes of Hexagon: Analysis by 3-Dimensional Finite Element Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Piza Pellizzer ◽  
Fellippo Ramos Verri ◽  
Sandra Lúcia Dantas de Moraes ◽  
Rosse Mary Falcón-Antenucci ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Regular Hexagon ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Wide Diameter ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Model C ◽  
Element Method

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in implants of regular platforms and of wide diameter with different sizes of hexagon by the 3-dimensional finite element method. We used simulated 3-dimensional models with the aid of Solidworks 2006 and Rhinoceros 4.0 software for the design of the implant and abutment and the InVesalius software for the design of the bone. Each model represented a block of bone from the mandibular molar region with an implant 10 mm in length and different diameters. Model A was an implant 3.75 mm/regular hexagon, model B was an implant 5.00 mm/regular hexagon, and model C was an implant 5.00 mm/expanded hexagon. A load of 200 N was applied in the axial, lateral, and oblique directions. At implant, applying the load (axial, lateral, and oblique), the 3 models presented stress concentration at the threads in the cervical and middle regions, and the stress was higher for model A. At the abutment, models A and B showed a similar stress distribution, concentrated at the cervical and middle third; model C showed the highest stresses. On the cortical bone, the stress was concentrated at the cervical region for the 3 models and was higher for model A. In the trabecular bone, the stresses were less intense and concentrated around the implant body, and were more intense for model A. Among the models of wide diameter (models B and C), model B (implant 5.00 mm/regular hexagon) was more favorable with regard to distribution of stresses. Model A (implant 3.75 mm/regular hexagon) showed the largest areas and the most intense stress, and model B (implant 5.00 mm/regular hexagon) showed a more favorable stress distribution. The highest stresses were observed in the application of lateral load.

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