scholarly journals Brief resolved unexplained event: how life-threatening are they? (literature review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Korableva ◽  
Leonid M. Makarov ◽  
Larisa A. Balykova ◽  
Natalya P. Kotlukova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
First Year Of Life

This article presents the view expressed in contemporary scientific literature on the evolution of definitions, diagnostic approaches and risk stratification for suddenly occurred life-threatening conditions accompanied by cardiorespiratory disorders in children of the first year of life. The term “brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE)” has replaced the terms “apparent life-threatening event” and “aborted sudden infant death syndrome”. The provided information is derived from clinical guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Italian Society of Pediatrics dealing with the above clinical conditions. The authors’ view is focused on the life-threatening situations and risk stratification for adverse outcome. The criteria for classifying infants’ condition as a low risk of life-threatening condition following the occurred event are provided. The authors’ collective invites the national pediatric community for a discussion on the issue of a life-threatening nature of BRUE among children of the first year of life in order to build a strategic action plan dealing with the necessity of hospitalization and scope of diagnostic insight into the cause of the event.

scholarly journals Stridor in infant caused by subglottic hemangiome: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Lot ◽  
Caroline Rosa ◽  
Camila Freitas ◽  
Gracinda Adnet ◽  
Luisa Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Agonist ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vascular Neoplasms ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diagnostic Hypothesis ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Age Range

Subglottic hemagioma is a rare cause of stridor, but it is one of the most common vascular neoplasms of the airways in childhood. If the treatment is not promptly instituted, it becomes a life-threatening condition. The diagnosis should be suspected when infants outside the age range for acute laryngitis present with stridor associated with severe respiratory effort, without viral prodromes, with a condition that is not responsive to initial therapeutic measures considering the main diagnostic hypothesis. Infantile hemangiomas begin to proliferate during the first year of life (between the 1st and 2nd month of life). Involution usually occurs between 6 months and 12 months of life (most involution until 4 years). The case is a 5-month-old female infant, with sudden stridor associated with respiratory distress without viral prodromes or fever, with little response to inhaled short-acting beta-agonist, inhaled adrenaline, as well as corticosteroids inhalation/parenteral. Bronchoscopy showed a bulging of the submucosa to the right of the subglottis with slight vascularization, suggestive of subglottic hemangioma. Treatment with propranolol was initiated orally with the aim of regressing the hemangioma and after clinical stability, the infant was discharged with outpatient follow-up.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in a Twin: A Comparison of Sibling Histories

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
A. Kahn ◽  
D. Blum ◽  
M. F. Muller ◽  
L. Montauk ◽  
A. Bochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

To determine possible characteristics of infant victims of sudden death, we examined 114 items related to the pre- and postnatal histories of 42 pairs of twins one of whom died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) leaving a surviving sibling. Interviews with the parents were conducted after the occurrence of SIDS, and the data were checked with records held by gynecologists and pediatricians. To evaluate the specificity of any factors, we studied a control group of 42 age- and sex-matched pairs of twins, both of whom survived the first year of life. Only 11 of 114 characteristics were significantly related to SIDS: future victims had a smaller weight and height at birth, stayed longer in the nursery, and followed a moving object with their eyes, had head control, and smiled at a later age than their surviving siblings. They also fatigued more often during feeding (11/42) and had reduced arm and neck tonus (9/42). They were described as longer sleepers than their surviving siblings. During sleep, some SIDS twins, but no surviving twin, were found to be cyanotic at least once or pale (4/42) and were repeatedly covered with abundant sweat (8/42). In the control group of normal twins, the occurrence of most of these characteristics was found with a frequency comparable to that seen in the SIDS infants; the specificity of these characteristics is thus considered doubtful. The mean birth weight and height were significantly greater in the control group, and no control infant had an episode of cyanosis or pallor or repeated episodes of profuse sweating observed during their sleep. It is concluded that, if further research validates the occurrence of night hyperhydrosis in some future SIDS victims, this symptom could be a clinical risk factor.

Oculocardiac Reflex in Near Miss for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Kahn ◽  
Jalil Riazi ◽  
Denise Blum
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

To gain insight into the role of the vagus nerve in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 180 infants ranging in age from 1 to 66 weeks were examined with respect to cardiac response to ocular compression. There were 35 near-miss infants, 76 normal siblings of SIDS victims, and 69 normal control infants. Asystoles within the control group ranged from 0.3 to 1.8 seconds. Ten of 35 (28%) near-miss infants and 10/76 (13%) siblings had asystoles >2.0 seconds when first tested. When statistically compared, the near-miss infants were significantly different from both the control infants and the siblings (Kruskal-Wallis procedure: P < .01, and P < .05, respectively). It is concluded that in the first year of life a significant number of near-miss infants have an exaggerated cardiac response to ocular compression. Furthermore, the presence of prolonged asystoles in certain siblings indicates that vagal hypersensitivity, as manifested by ocular compression, may be, in part, hereditary.

scholarly journals Medical, Forensic and Social Quandaries of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Today

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3sup1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
◽  
Cristina Furnică ◽  
Sofia Mihaela David ◽  
Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
First Year Of Life

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is described as the sudden, unexplained death (with no attributable cause, during sleep) of a seemingly healthy child before reaching the first year of life. Statistically, SIDS is recognized today as a leading cause of death in infants aged 1 to 12 months. In the present article the authors have analyzed known risk factors, classifications and current standards of forensic investigation while highlighting the necessity of detailed clinical history, autopsy, scene of death examination and lab findings (radiology, metabolic anomalies, infectious diseases and toxicology) in SIDS diagnosis. For an infant death to be considered SIDS, all other possible causes of death must be first excluded, the diagnosis requiring detailed collection and analysis of antemortem patient data and a complete autopsy. Although the forensic methods of today are more exact, the distinction between SIDS and other causes of death (e.g. unintentional asphyxiation, infanticide) remains very difficult in some cases.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN OUT-THE HOSPITAL SUDDEN DEATH OF INFANTS OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Lika L. Nisevich ◽  
O. V. Kriger ◽  
N. S. Selyutina ◽  
I. N. Nikishtsev ◽  
T. N. Konopleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
First Year Of Life

The importance of social factors in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been proved, but their contribution to the unexpected out-of-hospital sudden infant death (OSID) has not yet been executed. There is presented the importance of social risk factors for OSID in 336 babies suddenly died beyond the hospital (1st group) in comparison with the 350 babies died in the hospital (2nd group). In 85.7%, several adverse factors were revealed, in 27.4% - in the 2nd group. Low socio-economic status of the family in the 1st group was observed in 34% of cases, and in the 2nd group - in 8% of cases. In the first group the number of antisocial families with the mother or both parents being alcohol or drug abuse appeared by 5 times more. In the 1st group the number of families with unregistered marriage and single mothers were 3.1 times more than in the 2nd group. 20.8% of women in Group 1 were not observed in antenatal clinics during pregnancy, and 12% of persons in this group and children remained without medical and dispensary supervision. Thus, families with a low socioeconomic level and antisocial families are a group of high-risk OSID infants of the first year of life, which determines the need for the active preventive work of health authorities and guardianship, the migration service and law enforcement agencies.

scholarly journals Toxigenic bacteria and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): nasopharyngeal flora during the first year of life

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Caroline Blackwell ◽  
Doris A.C. MacKenzie ◽  
Valerie S. James ◽  
Robert A. Elton ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Zorgani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

STUDIES OF THE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME IN KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON. III. EPIDEMIOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-870
Author(s):  
Abraham B. Bergman ◽  
C. George Ray ◽  
Margaret A. Pomeroy ◽  
Patricia W. Wahl ◽  
J. Bruce Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
King County ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
First Year Of Life

Excluding the first week of life, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the greatest single cause of death during the first year of life and second only to accidents as the greatest killer of children under age 15. All cases of SIDS occurring in King County, Washington (170) during a 44-month period were studied. Birth certificate data from all children born in the county during the same period were utilized for comparison. Findings include a characteristic age distribution (peak at 2 to 3 months), preponderance in males, low birth weight babies, and in lower socioeconomic class families. "Seasonality" and apparent "time clustering" were present in the infants. All SIDS infants died during sleep in a silent fashion. Forty-four percent of the babies had an upper respiratory infection in the 2-week period prior to death. The epidemiologic findings point to viral infection as playing a major contributory role in SIDS.

Increased Muscularity of the Pulmonary Circulation in Victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Williams ◽  
Gordon Vawter ◽  
Lynne Reid
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Medial Wall ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Inflated Lung

It has recently become apparent that some victims of sudden infant death synclrome (SIDS) are chronically hypoxemic before death. In this study, the structural alterations in the pulmonary circulation of 15 victims of SIDS were examined using precise quantitative morphometric techniques applied to the injected and inflated lung. Increased muscularity of the pulmonary circulation has been demonstrated, as evidenced by the extension of muscle into arteries not usually muscularized during the first year of life, and by an increased thickness of the medial wall in some patients. This confirms the findings of Naeye and further justifies the shift of investigative efforts from the events immediately surrounding death to a search for chronic abnormalities.

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