scholarly journals An Economic and Political Lens into the Lives of Undocumented Migrant Female-Headed Households

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fatima Preciado Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Female Headed Households

“Jumble Sales Are the Same the World Over”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Watson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
West African ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Lesbian Relationships ◽  
Female Friendship ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Headed Households

This chapter analyzes the novels of the British writer Barbara Pym, which are often read as cozy tales of English middle-class postwar life but which, I argue, are profoundly influenced by the work Pym carried out as an editor of the journal Africa at the International African Institute in London, where she worked for decades. She used ethnographic techniques to represent social change in a postwar, decolonizing, non-normative Britain of female-headed households, gay and lesbian relationships, and networks of female friendship and civic engagement. Pym’s novels of the 1950s implicitly criticize the synchronic, functionalist anthropology of kinship tables that dominated the discipline in Britain, substituting an interest in a new anthropology that could investigate social change. Specific anthropological work on West African social changes underpins Pym’s English fiction, including several journal articles that Pym was editing while she worked on her novels.

Gender and Rural Livelihoods: Agricultural Commercialization and Farm/Non-Farm Diversification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Andersson Djurfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Marketable Surplus ◽  
Female Headed Households

This chapter examines possible discrimination against female farm managers with respect to prices or market segmentation. Patterns of commercialization are fluid. Particular countries stand out with respect to certain crops, however: for maize, a growing bias against female farm managers can be noted in Zambia. Mozambique, Malawi, and to a lesser extent Tanzania stand out in terms of non-grain food crops, where market participation by male farm managers had increased relative to female-headed households. Poorer commercial possibilities are tied strongly to production factors, where lack of labour and land prevent the generation of a marketable surplus. An important distinction is that between women who manage their own farms and women who live in households headed by men: for the former the lack of access to agrarian resources prevents generation of a marketable surplus for the latter the outcomes from sales are controlled by their husbands.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lighton Dube
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Extension Support

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification.  The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>

The Role of Physicians During Hunger Strikes of Undocumented Migrant Workers in a Non-Custodial Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Vanobberghen ◽  
Fred Louckx ◽  
Anne-Marie Depoorter ◽  
Dirk Devroey ◽  
Jan Vandevoorde
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Undocumented Migrant

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Nigerian Schoolchildren: Relationship With Dietary Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Rufina Ayogu
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Haenszel Test

Background: Undernutrition among schoolchildren is a prevalent public health problem which may be due to inadequate energy and nutrient intakes associated with low dietary diversity. Objective: This study assessed dietary diversity scores (DDS), energy and nutrient intakes of schoolchildren (6-15 years), and risks factors of DDS and determined if energy and nutrient intakes were dependent on dietary diversity. Methods: The study involved a 2-stage random sampling of 90 schoolchildren. Dietary diversity and nutrient intake data were obtained through a 3-day weighed food intake. Analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to determine relationships among and between variables; P < .05 was reported as significant. Results: Few (22.2%) had high DDS with no significant difference ( P > .05) between age groups and sex. Children from male headed households were more likely to have medium DDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.037-10.070) than those from female headed households ( P < .05). Low nutrient intakes were observed among 85.6% for niacin, 76.7% for calcium, 72.2% for riboflavin, 54.4% for protein, 32.2% for thiamine, and 15.6% for vitamin C. Among boys, prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake was significantly ( P < .05) higher among 6- to 9-year-olds. Among girls, prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was significantly ( P < .01) higher among 10 to 15-year-olds. Children with adequate intakes of iron (OR = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.653-0.847) and thiamine (OR = 5.651, 95% CI = 1.214-26.310) were more likely to have high DDS. Conclusion: The schoolchildren had low energy and nutrient intakes. Iron and thiamine, intakes were dependent on DDS.

scholarly journals Gender and payments for environmental services: impacts of participation, benefit-sharing and conservation activities in Viet Nam

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Pamela McElwee ◽  
Huệ Thị Văn Lê ◽  
Tuyến Phương Nghiêm ◽  
Hương Diệu Vũ ◽  
Nghị Hữư Trần
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Payments For Environmental Services ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Women Participation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract There has been a rapid expansion in the use of payments for environmental services (PES) as a key conservation finance policy. However, there is insufficient understanding of how gender can affect PES implementation and outcomes. We present results from a case study in Viet Nam, where a national PES programme has been in place for a decade. Through panel household survey data, focus groups and interviews, we examined how women have been involved in PES policies, what the impacts have been on decision-making by men and women, participation rates and use of PES income over time, and the potential conservation outcomes. Our research confirms that resource use varies between men and women, and changes in access rights can fall disproportionately on women. Participation in PES has been lower for female-headed households and for women within male-headed households, although gradually more equitable participation has evolved within households. Female-headed households reported expending more yearly effort on PES activities despite protecting less land, and also increased their conservation activities over time as they presumably became more familiar with PES. Use of income from PES also showed differences between male and female-led households, with men more likely to spend funds on non-essential goods. Within households, although men initially decided how to spend PES money, decision-making has become more equitable over time. We conclude with some recommendations on how to increase attention to gender in PES projects and future research to improve outcomes.

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