Determination Authority of State Financial Loss in Criminal Acts of Corruption Post Constitutional Court Decision Number 25/Puu-Xiv/2016

The Constitutional Court (MK) issued Decision Number 25/PUU-XIV/2016 on January 25, 2017. This decision states clearly that the word "can" in Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of Law Number 31 Year 1999 jo. Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption (UU Tipikor) is unconstitutional and lacks legal force. With the elimination of the word "can," a person can only be said to have violated Article 2 paragraph (1) and Article 3 of the Anti-Corruption Law if the person's actions resulted in real state losses, or losses of the nature of actual loss, and not to accommodate state losses that are still potential, or potential losses.

Taliban soldiers form core of Afghan new model army

Significance They have started by renaming the old army corps and beginning to retrain Taliban combatants. In adopting the trappings of a conventional army, they have made their men wear uniform and held military parades. The aim is to show neighbouring countries that the Taliban government is running a real state with appropriate standards for its security forces. Impacts Neighbouring states will be reassured by an army that resembles its predecessor and has no real capabilities beyond domestic security. The Taliban have limited capacity to absorb and use new equipment for now, even if some donor were willing to provide it. Limited help may be available: Chinese, Russian and Pakistan military trainers and advisers are reportedly present.

Modern change in the tools of the system-structural approach to the style of scientific thinking in the Earth sciences

The characteristic features of our time are globalization and the intensification of human activities, which lead to large-scale changes in the environment. There are more crisis points, they are interconnected, and the problems that arise at the same time become more complicated. In this case, we should already talk about the possibility of a global environmental crisis, and therefore any more or less large project should take into account environmental risks. That is, each object of geo-ecological research is considered both as an independent self-organizing system and as part of a larger system. It is the initial approach to the study and construction of a conceptual model, the trajectory of data processing of the object of research that currently causes the greatest number of disputes and difficulties. Often, the entire volume of problems related to the interpretation of data, their lack, complexity of processing, inconsistency with the real state of affairs, is associated precisely with the initial spatial approach to research, that is, with the sphere of epistemological tools of the thinking style.

SPECIFICITY OF CREATING HEADLINES FOR PR-TEXTS ON TOURIST TOPICS IN INTERNET EDITIONS

The article considers the importance of the stage of writing headlines in the process of preparing PR-texts on tourism, indicates the features of creating titles of different types of PR-texts published in online publications, identifies factors that affect the reader's attention and facilitate the perception of the title. When promoting a tourism product on the foreign market, it is important to adhere to the principle of conformity. This means that the image that is promoted on the market must correspond to the level of development of society, so as not to irritate the client by the inconsistency of the created image with the real state of the tourist area.

ANGGARAN SEBAGAI ALAT PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PADA PT FELIXINDO RUBBER BERKARYA

PT Felixindo Rubber Berkarya is a family industrial company that produces a wide variety of rubber products for various types of industries. The problem at the time of the preliminary survey was that the company's planning activities and the allocation of funds needed were only carried out by the owner, employees did not know how much the sales target per year was, the budget was only owned by the finance department, the budget was only made simply, the budget could be used as a control tool, the budget is fixed, and the company uses an incremental budget. The solution offered is that companies can implement activity-based budgets. Activity-based budgets can reflect the real state of the company and can be used as a planning and control tool in the company, where the company must determine whether the budget has been achieved or not. Companies in preparing the budget must be flexible which is adapted to changing situations. The company should involve all sections in preparing the budget, thus the process of communication and coordination between sections can be improved and a sense of ownership arises so that the performance of each employee can also increase. Make sure that this activity-based budget implementation framework and process is very suitable to be applied to PT Felixindo Rubber Berkarya because the company will get many benefits if it implements an activity-based budget. Benefits that can be obtained by the company, among others, can reduce the problems that have arisen in the company, the emergence of a sense of belonging among employees, and employees can be more responsible and improve their performance. The mandatory output of this PKM activity is in the form of articles that will be presented in a scientific meeting, namely SENAPENMAS. In addition to the mandatory outputs, there are also additional outputs from this PKM activity in the form of publications in the mass media, namely articles that are planned to be published in PINTAR.PT Felixindo Rubber Berkarya adalah perusahaan industri keluarga yang memproduksi berbagai variasi produk karet untuk berbagai jenis industri. Permasalahan yang ditemukan pada saat survei pendahuluan adalah semua kegiatan perencanaan perusahaan dan alokasi dana yang diperlukan hanya dilakukan oleh pemilik perusahaan, karyawan tidak mengetahui berapa besar target penjualan per tahun, tanggungjawab anggaran hanya dipegang oleh bagian keuangan, anggaran hanya dibuat dengan sederhana, anggaran tidak dapat dipakai sebagai alat pengendalian, anggaran bersifat fixed, dan perusahaan menggunakan anggaran incremental. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah perusahaan dapat menerapkan anggaran berbasis aktivitas. Anggaran berbasis aktivitas dapat mencerminkan keadaan riil perusahaan dan dapat dipakai sebagai alat perencanaan dan pengendalian di perusahaan, dimana perusahaan harus mengevaluasi apakah anggaran telah tercapai atau tidak. Perusahaan dalam menyusun anggaran harus bersifat fleksibel yang disesuaikan dengan perubahaan situasi. Perusahaan sebaiknya melibatkan semua bagian di dalam perusahaan dalam menyusun anggaran, dengan demikian proses komunikasi dan koordinasi antar bagian dapat ditingkatkan dan muncul adanya rasa memiliki sehingga kinerja setiap karyawan juga dapat meningkat. Dosen yakin bahwa kerangka kerja dan proses implementasi anggaran yang berbasis aktivitas ini amat cocok diterapkan untuk PT Felixindo Rubber Berkarya karena perusahaan akan memperoleh banyak manfaat apabila menerapkan anggaran berbasis aktivitas. Manfaat yang dapat diperoleh perusahaan antara lain adalah dapat mengurangi masalah yang selama ini muncul di perusahaan, munculnya rasa memiliki di antara para karyawan, dan para karyawan dapat lebih bertanggungjawab serta meningkatkan kinerjanya. Luaran wajib dari kegiatan PKM ini adalah berupa artikel yang akan diseminarkan di dalam temu ilmiah, yaitu SENAPENMAS. Selain luaran wajib, juga terdapat luaran tambahan dari kegiatan PKM ini berupa publikasi di media massa, yaitu artikel yang direncanakan akan diterbitkan di PINTAR.

The value of conscious paternity as a priority direction in the vocational training of social workers

The objective of the research consisted in establishing and experimentally testing the methodology of formation of the value of conscious parenting in future specialists of social work, for its transformation into professional and evaluative orientation. Methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of ideas and scientific approaches, specification of practical tasks, the pedagogical experiment and pedagogical diagnostic methods were used to study the real state of the problem and achieve the objective of the research. As a result, based on the authors' interpretations of the main concepts investigated, a model for transforming the personal value of conscious parenting into a professional and value orientation has been suggested. A workshop has been suggested as an effective way of working. The authors established that the optimization of the process of formation of the value of conscious parenthood in social workers and its transformation into professional and value orientation, depends on the modification of the educational process in the institution of higher education through innovative processes, content and use of interactive forms and methods.

Condition Assessment of Solar Modules by Flash Test and Electroluminescence Test

The Hungarian society and the Hungarian state are constantly increasing their solar capacity. More and more solar power plants are being put into operation. The largest of these has a 100 MW peak capacity. Such power plants do not require constant maintenance. However, in the case of low productivity, a conditional assessment is required. The reason for production loss can also be manufacturing, installation, and operational errors. A flying drone was used for finding failures by thermographic scouting. Furthermore, electroluminescent (EL) and flash tests give a comprehensive view of the real state of the modules in a mobile laboratory. We had the opportunity to summarize these test results of more than a thousand modules operating in a solar power plant. The report on the power plant shows that a significant part of the modules became unusable in a short time. After four years, 10% of the 260 Wp modules suffered a performance reduction of more than 10%.

Leon Wasilewski at the Treaty of Riga Negotiations: to the Centenary of the Peace of Riga (1921)

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Riga (1921), discussions about the significance of which do not stop today. What significance did this treaty have for the history of Europe, and especially for its political architecture of the interwar period? What were the consequences of this agreement for Poles, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians? Estimated of the agreement signed a hundred years ago still differ – some believe that the document then established the borders of Poland almost within the Second Partition of Poland (1793) was the defeat of the then Polish elite, others – that it was an expression of the real state of affairs. This article focuses on the course of Polish-Soviet negotiations during the signing of the treaty, the struggle within the Polish delegation between supports of two state geopolitical concepts (National Democracy “incorporative” and “federal” J. Pilsudski) and establishment of the Eastern border of the Polish state. The well-known Polish diplomat and politician Leon Wasilewski played one of the key roles during these negotiations, and the study of his activities will help to clarify several controversial points during the negotiations. The Treaty of Riga (1921) put an end to the Polish-Bolshevik war, defined the Polish border in the East and the same time cancelled the Petliura-Pilsudski Agreement, which testified to the defeat of the federalist program of J. Pilsudski. Further, the Polish government’s policy towards national minorities later proved to be almost discriminatory, weakening the Polish state from within. For Ukraine and Belarus, this agreement proved to be a national catastrophe, depriving them of the prospects of statehood. This peace can be called a “situational compromise”, which in the short term solved the problem of ending the war, but did not solve any of the geopolitical problems of Poland: neither guaranteed security nor guaranteed the stability of Poland’s Eastern border. The violation of this peace by Soviet Russia was a matter of time, as it happened in 1939

The Effect of Regional Body Satisfaction on Appearance Interest of Female University Students in Vietnam

The recent economic affluence in Vietnam is leading to a growing interest in beauty. Especially, beauty-related industries, including cosmetic brands, beauty shops and spas are developing, beauty products are becoming more diversified and the interest in appearance is growing. Therefore, this study aims to examine Vietnamese female university students’ interest in physical appearance and the real state of their appearance management behaviors. As for the conclusion of the effect of regional body satisfaction on appearance interest, it can be seen that the higher the satisfaction with the face, the higher the interest in appearance in the northern region. In the central region, higher satisfaction with skin and face means higher interest in appearance. In the southern region, the higher the satisfaction with height, abdomen, weight, and upper body, the higher the interest in appearance. These results can serve as basic data for understanding of the consumer market and analysis of the consumer class in the beauty industry by showing aesthetic consciousness and appearance management behaviors of Vietnamese female university students, who are central consumers of the beauty industry. It is considered there is a need to analyze consumption behaviors, including consumption patterns of Vietnamese female university students in more detail, and further studies on aesthetic consciousness and appearance management behavior patterns among more various types of subjects should be carried out for application to the present beauty industry.