scholarly journals ROLE OF MODERN IMMUNOLOGIC TESTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
P. K. Iablonskiy ◽  
I. F. Dovgaljuk ◽  
A. A. Starshinova ◽  
O. A. Iakunova
Keyword(s):  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Immunologic Tests

scholarly journals Prospective study to find out the role of gastric aspirate examination by Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN staining) and cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT) as a diagnostic method in childhood tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Akansha Arora ◽  
Anil Jain ◽  
B. S. Karnawat ◽  
Rakesh Kumawat
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Background: Tuberculosis in children has been relatively neglected mainly because clinical diagnosis has low specificity, radiological interpretation is subject to inter-observer variability and the tuberculin skin test is a marker of exposure, not disease. The recent introduction of Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test has significantly transformed the diagnostics of tuberculosis in adults but its application for Paediatric Tuberculosis is under evaluation. Therefore, authors conducted a study on role of gastric aspirate examination by ZN stain and Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test in the diagnosis of childhood Tuberculosis.Methods: Authors did a prospective hospital-based study from Nov 2016 to Nov 2017 consisting of 100 randomly selected patients suspected of tuberculosis who had their gastric aspirate tested for CBNAAT and ZN stain for acid fast bacilli (AFB) along with Mantoux test and other routine investigations. Chi square test was used.Results: Culture positive tuberculosis was found in 21 out of 100 children. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for CBNAAT were 76.1%, 98.7%, 94.1% and 93.9% and for ZN stain were 47.6%, 98.7%, 90.9% and 87.6% respectively. Positive history of contact (p value 0.0217), reactive Mantoux test (p value < 0.001) and low socioeconomic status were independently associated with a positive CBNAAT result.Conclusions: Analysis of gastric aspirate samples with CBNAAT is a sensitive and specific method for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children who cannot produce sputum. Compared with microscopy, CBNAAT offers better sensitivity and its scale up will improve access to tuberculosis diagnostics in children.

scholarly journals The Role of Risk Factors in the Development of Tuberculosis in Children Exposed to Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
N. A. Nikiforenko ◽  
M. E. Lozovskaya ◽  
G. А. Novik ◽  
А. V. Derevyanko ◽  
N. V. Kochmarev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Group 1

The objective: to identify factors of a higher risk to develop tuberculosis in children exposed to tuberculosis cases resistant or sensitive to rifampicin.Subjects 161 children under 6 years old exposed to tuberculosis in their families were enrolled in the retrospective study. The children were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 92) – children free of TB; Group 2 (n = 69) – children ill with TB. In each group, two subgroups were identified: those with index cases susceptible to rifampicin (RS) 1A (n = 40) and 2A (n = 43) and those with index cases resistant to rifampicin (RR) 1Б (n = 52) and 2Б (n = 26).Results. Exposure to isoniazid resistant tuberculosis increases the risk of TB in the child by 12 times, on the opposite, drug resistance to rifampicin provides no impact on the risk to develop tuberculosis. If the child is exposed to 2 cases of tuberculosis and more, the risk to develop tuberculosis increases by 2-14 times. BCG vaccination of the child exposed to tuberculosis reduces the risk to develop tuberculosis by 2-13 times.

Western Blot Immunoassay for HSP-70 Antibodies in Idiopathic Tinnitus: A Preliminary Report

2006 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Savastano ◽  
Marilena Celadin ◽  
Marina Pittoni ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Gino Marioni
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Healthy Blood Donor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Immunologic Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Immunologic Tests

Objectives: Our preliminary study investigated the role of nonspecific immunologic tests and immunoassay for heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in supporting the possibility of an autoimmune inner ear process determining idiopathic tinnitus. Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients with idiopathic tinnitus without other otologic or autoimmune diseases and 20 healthy blood donor subjects underwent determinations of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and other nonspecific immunologic factors and immunoassay for HSP-70. Results: The mean CIC values were 4.2 μg/mL in the tinnitus patients and 0.9 μg/mL in the control group (p = .012). Thirteen of the 36 tinnitus patients and none of the control group were HSP-70-positive. Ten of the 13 HSP-70-positive patients had CIC values higher than normal. In the tinnitus group, the mean CIC values were 6.9 μg/mL and 2.6 μg/mL in the HSP-70-positive and –negative subgroups, respectively (p = .024). Conclusions: It may be hypothesized that in a significant number of cases, idiopathic tinnitus could be induced by immune response to inner ear–specific HSP-70.

Thalidomide Use for Complicated Central Nervous System Tuberculosis in Children: Insights From an Observational Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald van Toorn ◽  
Regan S Solomons ◽  
James A Seddon ◽  
Johan F Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Epilepsia Partialis Continua ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Radiological Response ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Abstract Background Much of the neurological sequelae of central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis (TB) is due to an excessive cytokine-driven host-inflammatory response. Adjunctive corticosteroids, which reduce cytokine production and thus dampen the inflammation, improve overall survival but do not prevent morbidity. This has prompted investigation of more targeted immunomodulatory agents, including thalidomide. Methods We describe a retrospective cohort of 38 children consecutively treated with adjunctive thalidomide for CNS TB–related complications over a 10-year period. Results The most common presenting symptom was focal motor deficit (n = 16), followed by cranial nerve palsies and cerebellar dysfunction. Three of the 38 children presented with large dural-based lesions, manifesting as epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), 4 presented with blindness secondary to optochiasmatic arachnoiditis, and 2 children developed paraplegia due to spinal cord TB mass lesions. Duration of adjunctive thalidomide therapy (3–5 mg/kg/day) varied according to complication type. In children compromised by TB mass lesions, the median treatment duration was 3.9 months (interquartile range [IQR], 2.0–5.0 months), whereas in children with optic neuritis it was 2.0 months (IQR, 1.3–7.3 months) and in EPC it was 1.0 months (IQR, 1–2.5 months). Satisfactory clinical and radiological response was observed in 37 of the children. None of the children experienced rashes, hepatitis, or hematologic derangements or complained of leg cramps. Conclusions This study is the largest cohort of adult or pediatric patients treated with adjunctive thalidomide for CNS TB–related complications. The drug has proved to be safe and well tolerated and appears to be clinically efficacious. The potential role of thalidomide or analogues in the treatment of other tuberculous meningitis–related complications requires further exploration.

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