The Role of Flexible Bronchoscope in the Diagnosis of the Pulmonary Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis in Children-Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature

Abstract Background The microbiota of the lower respiratory tract in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has not been fully evaluated. We explored the role of the lung microbiota in NTM-PD by analyzing protected specimen brushing (PSB) and bronchial washing samples from patients with NTM-PD obtained using a flexible bronchoscope. Results Bronchial washing and PSB samples from the NTM-PD group tended to have fewer OTUs and lower Chao1 richness values compared with those from the control group. In both bronchial washing and PSB samples, beta diversity was significantly lower in the NTM-PD group than in the control group (P = 2.25E-6 and P = 4.13E-4, respectively). Principal component analysis showed that the PSBs and bronchial washings exhibited similar patterns within each group but differed between the two groups. The volcano plots indicated differences in several phyla and genera between the two groups. Conclusions The lower respiratory tract of patients with NTM-PD has a unique microbiota distribution that is low in richness/diversity.

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The “Halalification” of tourism

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-01-2016-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 558-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Faiza Khan ◽

Michelle Callanan

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Market Segment ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Primary Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Starting Point ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the confusing use of terminology associated with tourism undertaken by Muslims and to identify key concerns associated with this type of tourism. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory study and adopts a critical review of literature following the evolutionary concept analysis method. Content analysis of popular UK media, UK-based tour operators’ websites and tourism strategies of destinations popular with Muslim tourists were conducted to examine the use of terminology. Findings There is no clear difference between the various terms (halal, Muslim friendly, Islamic, etc.) used. Overall, academia uses the term Islamic tourism, while the industry and media use various terms. Among destinations, however, there is no clear and consistent use of terminology. A key concern of Islamic tourism is the role of certification in assuring travellers and the lack of standardisation of halal certification. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on literature review and secondary data analysis. It lacks primary research. Practical implications This study highlights the need for consistent use of terminology across industry. Another implication is the issue surrounding halal certification of food and the importance of trust in the seller/service provide. Another trend that industry providers need to consider is the growth of the Muslim millennial traveller and the needs of this market segment. Originality/value The paper highlights the importance of studying the Muslim tourist market and provides a starting point for further research. It highlights several issues such as the need to develop a typology of Muslim tourists. Of particular interest is the concern whether halal values in danger of being commodified in the absence of a universal agreed criterion for halal certification.

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Prenatal diagnosis of Pfeiffer syndrome and role of three-dimensional ultrasound: case report and review of literature

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2021.1937984 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Antonella Vimercati ◽

Claudiana Olivieri ◽

Miriam Dellino ◽

Mattia Gentile ◽

Raffaele Tinelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Prenatal Diagnosis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Pfeiffer Syndrome

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Knowledge audit as an important tool in organizational management: A review of literature

Business Information Review ◽

10.1177/0266382120986034 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026638212098603

Author(s):

Lateef Ayinde ◽

Ibrahim Oluwapelumi Orekoya ◽

Qaozara Adebanke Adepeju ◽

Adeyinka M Shomoye

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Explicit Knowledge ◽

Research Question ◽

International Standards ◽

National Standards ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Knowledge Audit ◽

Review Current

The purpose of this paper is to review current literature on knowledge management and highlight the importance of knowledge audit in bringing about a holistic knowledge solution to knowledge management. Based on the review of literature on knowledge management, this study points out the role of knowledge audit in solving the challenges in organizations’ tacit and explicit knowledge. Specifically, the paper concentrates on knowledge audit, knowledge risk and international and national standards on knowledge audit processes. The contribution of this study to literature are the suggestions that knowledge risk and international standards procedures could be applied to knowledge audit. The important conclusion of this paper is that knowledge risk management has not been fully explored in the study of knowledge audit. The paper addresses the research question of what organizations must embark on in the process of knowledge audit. The paper attempts to provide answer to the question by highlighting the importance of knowledge audit and the reasons why organizations carry out knowledge audit, and also the existing knowledge audit frameworks and methodologies.

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Hypothyrosis syndrome: role of triodthyronine in diagnostics and combination therapy (review of literature)

Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-5-261-265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 261-265

Author(s):

I. A. Tsanava ◽

S. V. Bulgakova ◽

A. V. Melikova

Keyword(s):

Combination Therapy ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Free T4 ◽

Combined Use ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Serum T3 ◽

Euthyroid Status ◽

System Assessment

Hypothyroidism syndrome is one of the most common pathologies of the endocrine system. Assessment of euthyroid status can not always be carried out according to the TSH indicator. In a number of patients with normal TSH levels and a clinical picture of hypothyroidism, the serum T3 concentration is determined at the lower limit of the norm or below it with a high content of free T4 in the blood. In world practice, positive experience has been accumulated in the combined use of preparations of sodium levothyroxine and liothyronine, a synthetic form of exogenous triiodothyronine. A number of studies have noted the advantages of using combination therapy for hypothyroidism over levothyroxine monotherapy in certain groups of patients. Possible reasons for the ineffectiveness of standard treatment for hypothyroidism are described.

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The Potential for Transmission of Coronaviruses via Sports Equipment; A Cricket Case Study

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1500-4620 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rory England ◽

Nicholas Peirce ◽

Joseph Torresi ◽

Sean Mitchell ◽

Andy Harland

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Infected Person ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Airborne Transmission ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Transmission Pathways ◽

Respiratory Droplets

AbstractA review of literature on the role of fomites in transmission of coronaviruses informed the development of a framework which was used to qualitatively analyse a cricket case study, where equipment is shared and passed around, and identify potential mitigation strategies. A range of pathways were identified that might in theory allow coronavirus transmission from an infected person to a non-infected person via communal or personal equipment fomites or both. Eighteen percent of potential fomite based interactions were found to be non-essential to play including all contact with another persons equipment. Six opportunities to interrupt the transmission pathway were identified, including the recommendation to screen participants for symptoms prior to play. Social distancing between participants and avoiding unnecessary surface contact provides two opportunities; firstly to avoid equipment exposure to infected respiratory droplets and secondly to avoid uninfected participants touching potential fomites. Hand sanitisation and equipment sanitisation provide two further opportunities by directly inactivating coronavirus. Preventing players from touching their mucosal membranes with their hands represents the sixth potential interruption. Whilst potential fomite transmission pathways were identified, evidence suggests that viral load will be substantially reduced during surface transfer. Mitigation strategies could further reduce potential fomites, suggesting that by comparison, direct airborne transmission presents the greater risk in cricket.

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INTRATHECAL BACLOFEN PUMP FOR SPASTIC HYPERTONIA FOLLOWING PENETRATING BRAIN INJURY

10.36106/gjra/4102645 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76-78

Author(s):

Anand Sharma ◽

Yashbir Dewan

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Intrathecal Baclofen ◽

Gunshot Injury ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Penetrating Brain Injury ◽

Severe Spasticity ◽

Cord Injury

Management of severe spasticity following penetrating brain injury is often a difcult problem. Orally administered medications generally offer limited benets. Intrathecally administered baclofen has been shown to be effective in patients with spasticity caused by spinal cord injury and stroke, however, the effectiveness of ITB for spasticity related to penetrating brain injury is not well established. We reported two cases of spastic hypertonia following gunshot injury to brain with brief review of literature upon role of intrathecal baclofen pump (ITB) in cortical spastic hypertonia

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