INFLUÊNCIA DE FORMAS DE ADUBAÇÃO DE SEMEADURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE GRÃOS DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

RESUMO - Entender como o manejo de aplicação de fertilizantes interfere no sistema produtivo é primordial para amanutenção do máximo aproveitamento da produtividade dos híbridos. Desta forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foiverificar a influência da forma de adubação de semeadura, feita a lanço ou localizada, na produtividade de grãos de 33híbridos comerciais de milho, em quatro diferentes safras agrícolas. Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no municípiode Serra do Salitre, em Minas Gerais (MG), nos meses de novembro de 2015 e de 2016, janeiro e fevereiro de 2017 efevereiro de 2017. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com três repetições,com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema fatorial de 33 x 2, sendo 33 híbridos de milho e dois sistemas de adubação desemeadura: a lanço e localizada. Na análise conjunta da produtividade de grãos, ocorreram interações significativas entrehíbridos e safras, e também entre formas de adubação e safras. Apesar da interação significativa, o sistema de adubaçãolocalizada foi superior em ambas as safras avaliadas, considerando nível de significância de 5% pelo teste de Tukey.Mesmo com as condições climáticas menos favoráveis na segunda safra, a adubação localizada mostrou-se mais eficiente.Palavras-chave: adubação localizada, adubação a lanço, segunda safra, Zea mays L.EFFECT OF SOWING FERTILIZATIONON GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE HYBRIDSABSTRACT - Understanding how the management of fertilizer application affects the production system is essentialto maximize the productivity of the hybrids. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of broadcasting andbanding fertilization on grain yield of 33 commercial maize hybrids in four different crop seasons. Four experimentswere carried out in Serra do Salitre, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in November 2015, November 2016, January andFebruary 2017. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications, with treatmentsarranged in a 33 x 2 factorial scheme, 33 corn hybrids and two sowing fertilization forms, broadcast and bandapplication. The joint analysis of grain yield showed significant interactions between hybrids and crop seasons, andalso between fertilization systems and crop seasons. The unfolding of the interaction between the fertilization formsand crop seasons showed that the yield of grains in the band fertilization was superior compared to the broadcastfertilization, regardless the crop season evaluated. Even with the less favourable climatic conditions in the secondharvest, the band fertilization showed to be more efficient when compared to the broadcast fertilization.Keywords: broadcast fertilizer, band fertilizer, second crop, Zea mays L.

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The Reaction of some Maize Hybrids, Created at ARDS TURDA, to Fusarium spp. Infection

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:12658 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽

Loredana SUCIU ◽

Ana Maria VĂLEAN ◽

Felicia MUREŞANU ◽

Carmen PUIA

Keyword(s):

Production Capacity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Fusarium Ear Rot ◽

Ear Rot ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Resistance Reaction

The most important disease of maize in Romania are stalk and ear rot, which caused yield losses in average of 20%. The resistant hibrids represent one of the most efficient solution for reducing the field loses caused by Fusarium spp. on the maize (Nagy et al., 2006). Diseases caused by Fusarium spp. can affect the yield and grain quality of maize because of contamination with numerous mycotoxins produced by these fungi (Czembor et al., 2015). The purpose of this paper was to know more about the reaction of different maize hybrids to Fusarium and the evaluating the effect of ear rot on the yield ability and mycotoxins accumulation. The experiments carried out at ARDS Turda, during four years (2012-2015). The biological material was represented by 8 hybrids, from different maturity groups, tested in two infection conditions with Fusarium spp. (natural and artificial infections). The temperature and rainfalls of the four years of experiments corresponding to the vegetation of maize (april-september) are influenced favourably the pathogenesis of stalk and ear rot caused by Fusarium spp. and a good discrimination of the resistance reaction of genotypes. Fusarium ear rot has significantly affected production capacity and chemical composition of corn hybrids tested. In conditions of artificial infection with Fusarium spp. was a decrease in the content of starch, fat and increased protein content compared with artificially inoculated variants. The quantity of fumonizin B1+B2 has reached to 5630 μg/kg in conditions of artificial infection. There are negative correlations between production capacity and degree of attack of fusarium ear rot; depending on the reacting genotypes tested increasing disease causes production decrease. The response of maize hybrids to Fusarium infection is influenced by infection and climatic conditions. These factors affect production both in terms of quantity and quality and accumulation of mycotoxins.

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Agronomic parameters and morpho-agronomic characteristics of genetically modified maize hybrids compared to conventional maize hybrids

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-47973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Leandro Nogueira Ramos ◽

Nara Oliveira Silva Souza ◽

Michelle Souza Vilela

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Central Lines ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Agronomic Characteristics ◽

Bt Genes ◽

Midwest Region ◽

Bt Gene

The objectives were to study the behavior of fifteen pre-commercial upland maize hybrids, analyze their agronomic performance regarding grain yield, and evaluate productivity components, as well as morpho-agronomic characteristics, in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Two experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Formosa-GO and Planaltina-DF, 2016/17 crop year. Both consisted of five pre-commercial maize hybrid platforms (HPA252, HPB262, HPB621, HPB646, and HPD354). Each platform consisted of three different versions: conventional, transgenic with a Bt gene that expresses the protein Cry1F, and transgenic with two Bt genes that express the proteins Cry1F and Cry1AB. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental plot was four lines five meters long considering the two central lines as useful. The lines were spaced 0.75 meters apart, and the final density was five plants per linear meter. To estimate grain yield, the plots were harvested, and the weight was extrapolated to kg.ha-1. The moisture was standardized at 14%. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability using the Sisvar software. Grain yield between treatments ranged from 8,381 to 12,908 kg.ha-1, and the average yield was 11,234 kg.ha-1. The parameters evaluated were divided into two groups. The first group contained parameters determining grain yield: grain depth, thousand grains weight, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, and grain yield. The second group contained morpho-agronomic parameters that directly interfere with resistance to lodging and plant breaking: plant height, ear insertion height, and mean stem diameter. There was no direct effect of the transgenes on the evaluated hybrids since the classification of productivity was not divided into conventional and transgenic classes. It is suggested that the HPA252YH, HP621H and HP646H versions be discarded because grain yield performance was unsatisfactory compared to their respective conventional and transgenic counterparts. The parameters GD and W1000 are more effective for grain yield estimation than NR and NG. It was observed for HP621H that, in addition to a lower grain yield, there was a significant reduction in stem diameter, indicating a possible reduction in lodging tolerance and/or plant breaking when exposed to adverse climatic conditions such as windstorms. For the HPD354H version, the release of the transgenic counterpart HPD354YH is preferentially indicated since the H version had a significant reduction in stem diameter and a possible greater tolerance to lodging and/or plant breaking under the same conditions.

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Performance of soy cultivars in the south of Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Revista Agrogeoambiental ◽

10.18406/2316-1817v9n32017976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Elaine Cristina Batista ◽

José Luiz De Andrade Rezende Pereira ◽

Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽

Everton Vinucius Zambiazzi ◽

Karina Barroso Silva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The South ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Minas Gerais State

Cultivar evaluation is one of the basic steps recommended for a given region, since the best adapted cultivars have higher yields, and success in this parameter is based on the genotype of the material and its interaction with the environmental variables. The aim of this study was to evaluate thebehavior of 23 soy cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the south region of Minas Gerais State (MG), Brazil, in the municipality of Inconfidentes. The evaluated traits were grain yield, plant height, height of insertion of the first legume and lodging. The experiments were conducted on the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 harvests, adopting a randomized block design with three replicates and 23 treatments, which were constituted by the following cultivars: FAVORITA RR, BRS MG 760SRR, NA 5909 RG, NA 7200 RR, CD 2630, CD 250, NA 7620 RR, CD 2737, TMG 123, V-MAX RR, P 98Y11 RR, NS 7100 RR, BMX Potencia, Anta 82 RR, CD 237, V-TOP, TMG 1176 RR, TMG 1174 RR, TMG 1179 RR, TMG 1181 RR, BMX Força, Monsoy 7211 RR and BRS MG 780 RR. Of the studied cultivars, those that most stood out for the traits evaluated in the conditions of Inconfidentes (MG) were TMG 1179 RR (48.6 bags of 60 kg ha-1), NA 7200 RR (45.6 bags), CD 2737 (41.1 bags), CD 237 (41 bags) and BRS MG 760 SRR (40.6 bags), all of which displayed satisfactory conditions for mechanical harvesting, demonstrating the good performance of the crop in the south region of Minas Gerais State.

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THE RESULTS OF NARROW LEAVED LUPINE VARIETIES EVALUATING FOR ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND ADAPTABILITY TO THE BRYANSK REGION CONDITIONS

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2021/5/15-17 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 15-17

Author(s):

P. А. Ageeva ◽

М. V. Matyukhina ◽

N. А. Pochutina ◽

O. M. Gromova

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

West Siberia ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Kaliningrad Region

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable legumes crop used as forage and green manure which is adapted to wide spectrum of soil-and climatic conditions; the crop has short domestication history. The protein content in its seeds and in dry matter of green mass varies from 30.0 to 37.0% and from 16.0 to 22.0 % respectively and depends on ecotype and soil-and-climatic conditions. This lupin specie can accumulate to 300 kg/ha symbiotic nitrogen in biomass and assimilates phosphorus and potassium of heavy available soil layers. It is very technological suitable for common used machinery systems. The State List of breeding achievements of Russia recommends the following regions for lupin cultivation: the North, the North-West, the Central, the Volga-Vyatka, the Middle-Volga, the Central Chernozem, the Ural, the West Siberia and the East Siberia. The tests were carried out in 2017-2020 in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute which is located in the South-West of the Central region. Ten varieties and breeding lines bred in the Institute are tested. The samples differ by early ripeness and anthracnose tolerance. The average experimental variety grain yield was 2.38 t/ha. The vars. Uzkolistny 53-02, USN 53-236, Bryanskiy kormovoy and SBS 56-15 have the highest yield and adaptivity (103-113 %). The index of year conditions was revealed; 2017 with the index 0.56 was the most favorable for implementation of grain productivity of the tested narrow-leafed lupin varieties. In the ecological varieties testing the soil-and-climatic conditions of Shatilovskaya experimental station (Orel region) were the most favorable for implementation of variety grain productivity (4.0-4.5 t/ha). Grain yield was 3.0-4.0 t/ha in ecological locations which differ in soil-and-climatic conditions: there are Kaliningrad region, Mordovia Republic, Krasnoyarsk region etc.

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Post-emergence application of glufosinate on maize hybrids containing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (pat)

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2241 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1095-1101

Author(s):

Fábio Henrique Krenchinski ◽

Caio Antonio Carbonari ◽

Edicarlos Batista de Castro ◽

Danilo Morilha Rodrigues ◽

Victor José Salomão Cesco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Block Design ◽

Selection Marker ◽

Crop Season ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Phosphinothricin Acetyltransferase ◽

Pat Gene ◽

Ammonia Accumulation ◽

Randomized Block Design

Several maize hybrids that present the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene (pat) are available in the market. However, these hybrids have different resistance levels to glufosinate herbicides. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the resistance of maize hybrids containing the pat gene (as a selection marker) to glufosinate. Field experiments were conducted in two sites in the 2016/2017 crop season, using a randomized block design with a 2×7 factorial arrangement and four replications. The treatments consisted of two glufosinate rates (0 and 500 g ha-1) and seven maize hybrids, six containing the pat gene as a selection marker (Herculex®, Agrisure-TL®, Herculex Yieldgard®, Leptra®, Viptera-3®, and Power-Core®) and one without the pat gene (VT PRO®). Two field experiments were conducted in different sites. The analyzed variables were: ammonia accumulation, electron transport rate (ETR), percentage of injuries, 100-grain weight, and grain yield. The glufosinate-susceptible maize hybrid presented higher ammonia accumulations, lower ETR, and high percentage of injuries (100%), which caused total loss of grain production. Considering the evaluated glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids, Viptera-3 and Agrisure-TL presented the highest ammonia accumulations and percentages of injuries, and lower ETR than the other hybrids. The grain yield of glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids was not reduced due to the application of the 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate. Thus, glufosinate-resistant maize hybrids containing the pat gene are resistant to the application of 500 g ha-1 of glufosinate, and this practice can be recommended for maize crops.

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Bromoxynil tolerance during the seedling phase is associated with genetic grain yield improvement in maize

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps91-144 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1021-1027 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Tollenaar ◽

M. Mihajlovic

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Environmental Stresses ◽

Yield Improvement ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Highly Correlated

Genetic grain yield improvement of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ontario during the past three decades can be attributed, in part, to increased tolerance to environmental stresses. We have observed a differential response of field-grown old and new hybrids after application of the photosystem II inhibiting herbicide bromoxynil (4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzonitrile). Studies were conducted to test whether tolerance to bromoxynil is associated with stress tolerance and grain yield in maize hybrids representing three decades of yield improvement in Ontario. Experiments were carried out with seedlings of eight maize hybrids grown in pots in controlled-environment growth cabinets and, in one experiment, with seedlings grown in pots outside during the months of July and August at Guelph, Ontario. Bromoxynil was applied to the youngest fully-expanded leaf of plants at the 6- to 8-leaf stage and chlorophyll fluorescence of the treated leaves was measured in the 2- to 24-h period after bomoxynil application. Results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm, an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, declined after bromoxynil application until 4 h after application and, subsequently, recovered slightly during the next 20 h. Large differences in the Fv/Fm ratio were apparent among hybrids in the response to bromoxynil. The Fv/Fm ratio was significantly higher for hybrids released in the 1980s than for hybrids released in the 1970s, and the Fv/Fm ratio of the latter group was significantly higher than that of the four oldest hybrids. Chlorophyll fluorescence ratios Fv/Fm after bromoxynil application in the seedling phase were highly correlated with grain yield of the hybrids in field experiments conducted during 1987 and 1988 (r = 0.91). Results of this study support the contention that maize genotypes that are less sensitive to bromoxynil are less susceptible to environmental stresses. Key words: Zea mays L., stress tolerance, bromoxynil, chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio, detoxifying agents

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Effect of Herbicides on Yield and Yield Components of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340400013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 729-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.A. KHAN ◽

G. HASSAN ◽

N. MALIK ◽

R. KHAN ◽

H. KHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Weed Suppression ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Hybrid Maize

ABSTRACT Maize crop (Zea mays) is facing lots of problems from different pests throughout Asia, including Pakistan. Weed infestation is one of the serious pests that remarkably decrease the grain yield in maize. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the trend of maize hybrid cultivation is gaining the attention of the farmers due to its higher production. Therefore, in this research we tested herbicides (Stomp 330 E, Dual gold 960 EC, 2,4-D, ester) in maize hybrids (P-3025, P-32T78, P-3203). The experiment was done in RCB design with split plots arrangement, where maize hybrids were kept in main plots, while herbicides were assigned to the subplots. Each treatment was repeated three times at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), at the Peshawar University of Agriculture, Pakistan. Results revealed that both hybrids and herbicides significantly increased plant height, biological yield and grain yield. However, the lowest weed density (142.50 m-2) was observed in Dual Gold 960 EC treated plots. Similarly, plant height (247.188 cm) and grain yield (2.253 ton ha-1) was maximum in maize hybrid P-3025 and Dual gold treated plots. From the instant experiment, it is concluded that the Dual gold 960 EC herbicide is declared as the best herbicide for weed suppression in maize, while maize hybrid P-3025 was the best hybrid giving maximum yield in the study.

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Yield Stability Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Using Parametric and AMMI Methods

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2021/5576691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Seyed Habib Shojaei ◽

Khodadad Mostafavi ◽

Ali Omrani ◽

Saeed Omrani ◽

Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

High Yield ◽

Stability Parameters ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ammi Analysis ◽

The Stability

The present study investigated the stability and adaptability of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. In this study, 12 maize hybrids were planted and examined considering the grain yield. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in four research stations in Iran during two crop years. The combined analysis of variance showed that genotype-environment interactions were significant at one percent probability level. The grain yield can stabilize, and hybrids with specific adaptability are recommended to each environment. Hybrids with specific adaptability can be recommended to all types of the environment. Means comparison yield of the genotypes identified DC370 as a high-yield genotype. Regarding AMMI analysis, genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) and two first components were found significant. The SC647 genotype was identified as the most stable genotype. Regarding the stability parameters, SC647 and KSC705 genotypes were selected as the most stable genotypes. From AMMI1 and AMMI2 graphs, the SC647 genotype was identified as the most stable genotype compared with other hybrids.

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RESULTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS OF NEW HYBRIDES OF CORN IN EXTREME CONDITIONS OF 2017

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5c3de390aeb1b1.95182086 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 96-102

Author(s):

Олег Шайтанов ◽

Oleg Shaytanov ◽

Марсель Тагиров ◽

Marsel Tagirov ◽

Ханиф Каримов ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Starch Content ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Two Samples ◽

Early Ripening ◽

The Republic

Evaluation of new breeding samples of early ripening corn hybrids of All-Russian Research Institute was carried out on typical for the Republic of Tatarstan gray forest loamy soils. Unusual climatic conditions for the XXI century of the growing season of 2017 allowed us to make the most rigorous selection among the studied hybrids. At the time of harvesting a sample was detected with grain moisture 33.0 (control 34.6%), starch content in grain 58.8% (control 49.2%), grain productivity in terms of moisture 14.0% - 5.17 tons per hectare (control 4.73 tons per hectare). Also, two samples with grain moisture content of 38.4-38.7% were selected, which surpassed the control by 33.8-39.1%, with an equal starch content. The results of phenological observations of the growth and development of early maturing corn hybrids over 12 years were analyzed. A close negative correlation (r = -0.933) was established between the average daily air temperature and the duration of sprouting of the early ripe maize hybrids. A regression equation was derived, according to which a decrease in average daily air temperature by 1°C increases the duration of emergence of seedlings of early ripe maize hybrids in Tatarstan by 1 day.

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Biplot analysis for multi-environment trials of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in Iran

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp09325 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 700 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeed Safari Dolatabad ◽

Rajab Choukan ◽

Eslam Majidi Hervan ◽

Hamid Dehghani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Yield Stability ◽

Grain Number ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Ear Height ◽

Two Sectors

Adapted maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids should be identified and chosen based on multi-environment trials analysing several traits. The objectives of this study were to identify mega-environments and suitable adapted maize hybrids based on both mean grain yield and grain yield stability and were to evaluate the 14 maize hybrids based on several desirable traits. Biplot analysis determined one mega-environment and two sectors that consist of one location in each sector for maize in Iran. The mega-environment included Kerman (KRM), Kermanshah (KSH), Moghan (MGN), Dezfol A (DZF A), Karaj (KRJ), Darab (DRB), Dezfol B (DZF B), Shiraz B (SHZ B), and Esfahan (ESF), where hybrid OSSK 602 was the best performing hybrid. The first sector included Khoramabad (KHM) where BC 678 was the best hybrid, and the second sector included Shiraz A (SHZ A) where ZP 599 was the hybrid with the highest performance. OSSK 602 was the best hybrid among all of the studied hybrids followed by ZP 677 and ZP 684. The genotype × trait biplot indicated that ZP 677 and OSSK 602 had greater thousand-kernel weight and grain number, whereas ZP 684 had longer day to maturity and larger cob diameter. KSC 700, KSC 704, and BC 678 had higher ear height and more days to tasseling than other hybrids. The genotype × trait biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and it was used in identifying hybrids that are good for some particular traits.

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