scholarly journals The Allelopathic Potential of Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. into the Fodder Meadow Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata BARABASZ-KRASNY ◽  
Katarzyna MOŻDŻEŃ ◽  
Anna SOŁTYS-LELEK ◽  
Alina STACHURSKA-SWAKOŃ

Due to easy vegetative and generative reproduction, the most part of the Cirsium species are considered as common weeds in different kinds of crops, on meadows and pastures. They owe their success in acquiring new area, both morphological and physiological characteristics, such as the production of allelopathic substances. An example the species within of the Cirsium genus, which may have the allelopathic properties, is cabbage thistle C. oleraceum (L.) Scop. It is a common meadow perennial plant, which in disturbed habitats quickly becomes expansive species, eliminating the other components of the flora. Such phenomenon is well-documented on the meadows of the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). Therefore, it was investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of dried leaves C. oleraceum on seed germination, seedlings growth, the fresh and dry weight and the water content of the seedlings in three meadow species: Trifolium pratense L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Dactylis glomerata L. The results showed that C. oleraceum exhibits the allelopathic potential, which may have limited effect on the studied parameters of fodder species, but only when using high concentrations of extracts prepared from the leaves (15% and 20%). D. glomerata was the most sensitive on the C. oleraceum allelopathic substances.

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Bidlack ◽  
D. R. Buxton

Cell-wall (CW) components greatly influence digestibility of forages as they mature. There is only limited information on the timing of rates of deposition of CW components. This investigation examined differences in CW and CW component deposition in greenhouse-grown alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birds-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Plant material was sampled from the basal 10 cm of forage after harvesting at 3–5 cm above the soil level. Samples analyzed included sheaths from orchardgrass, sheaths and stems from bromegrass and switch-grass, and stems from all legumes. After establishment and herbage removal, samples were collected biweekly between 2 and 10 wk of regrowth. Results indicated that, except for orchardgrass, maximum rates of CW and CW component deposition usually occurred earlier in legumes compared with those of grasses. Maximum CW deposition for all species occurred within 1–3 d of maximum dry weight deposition. Among CW components in grasses and legumes, maximum deposition of hemicellulose occurred first, followed by that of cellulose (1–6 d later), and then lignin (up to 14 d after maximum hemicellulose deposition). Maximum cellulose deposition in all species occurred at the same time as maximum CW deposition.Key words: Cell wall, deposition, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, forage


2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera STAJKOVIC-SRBINOVIC ◽  
Dušica DELIC ◽  
Nataša RASULIC ◽  
Dragan CAKMAK ◽  
Djordje KUZMANOVIC ◽  
...  

In the present study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and lime application on the mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), in very acid soil were evaluated. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW) of red clover plants (three times greater), as well as N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plants compared to the control. Application of lime and Rhizobium together, depending on the lime rate (3, 6 or 9 t ha-1 of lime) and the cut, increased SDW significantly, but decreased the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and B in plants. Regardless of the changes, in all treatments in both cuts, contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in plants were among sufficiency levels (Mg content was elevated in the second cut), while Fe content was mainly high, as well as Cu (in the second cut). Contents of P and B in plants were somewhat lower than sufficiency levels, but above critical level. Therefore, red clover can be grown with satisfactory yield and mineral composition in acid soil with Rhizobium inoculation only, but the application of P and B fertilization is desirable.


2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Filip Grbovic ◽  
Gordana Gajic ◽  
Snezana Brankovic ◽  
Zoran Simic ◽  
Nenad Vukovic ◽  
...  

Asbestos is widely mined and used around the globe posing a great risk to environment and human health. The main objective of this study was to determine allelopathic potential of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle growing on the asbestos deposits at abandoned mine ?Stragari? in central Serbia. The pH, content of carbon, nitrogen, calcium carbonate, available phosphorous and potassium, content of Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and phenolics were analyzed in the control asbestos (zones without vegetation cover) and plant rhizospheric asbestos. Allelopathic activity of plant species was assessed by ?rhizosphere soil method?, and Trifolium pratense L. and Medicago sativa L. were used as the indicator species. A. altissima showed higher allelopathic potential compared to R. pseudoacacia for T. pratense and M. sativa due to greater content of phenolics. Alleopathic activity of phenolics in rhizospheric asbestos was highly correlated with pH, content of carbon and nitrogen, available phosphate and potassium, and content of Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn. A. altissima increased phenolics content in rhizospheric asbestos inhibiting the plant growth. This woody plant in spite of high allelopathic potential is suitable for revegetation of distrurbed ecosystems because it initiates pedogenesis and affects the asbestos chemistry.


Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segura ◽  
S. W. Bingham ◽  
C. L. Foy

The phytotoxicity of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] on seeds (protected or non-protected with soil) and seedlings of Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) was studied in the greenhouse. Percent germination of Italian ryegrass seeds covered with soil was significantly reduced with glyphosate applied at 4 kg/ha. The direct treatment over the seeds on the soil surface was more toxic, reducing the number of established seedlings at dosages of 3 and 4 kg/ha. In the two red clover seed treatments, germination was significantly reduced with 2 kg/ha of herbicide. Even though germination was reduced at intermediate rates of glyphosate, shoot growth and tillering were improved and yields of dry weight were equivalent to that of untreated plants. Postemergence applications of glyphosate were phytotoxic to both species with the effects becoming more pronounced at increasing dosages. However, at equal dosage, red clover was less susceptible than Italian ryegrass. The patterns of foliar absorption and translocation of14C from14C-glyphosate was similar in Italian ryegrass and red clover.14C was translocated throughout the plants and exhibited apoplastic and symplastic movement.


Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-663
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

Biologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-667
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Н.В. АЛДОШИН ◽  
А.С. ВАСИЛЬЕВ ◽  
В.В. ГОЛУБЕВ ◽  
А.А. ЦЫМБАЛ

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящей работы являлась разработка эффективной конструкции перемешивающего устройства для приготовления посевного материала травосмесей, а также лабораторные исследования результативности работы смесителя. Методология. Для достижения цели объектом исследования выбран экспериментальный смеситель семян, позволяющий осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семенного материала многолетних трав, отличающийся различными размерно-массовыми параметрами. В ходе проведения исследований была разработана и изготовлена работоспособная конструкция смесителя, защищённая патентом РФ, позволяющая осуществлять высококачественное перемешивание семян, характеризующееся также низким травмирующим воздействием на смешиваемые компоненты. Это, в частности, подтверждено результатами определения основных посевных характеристик – лабораторной всхожести и энергии прорастания, значения которых, как правило, только возрастали, что связано с оказываемым физическим воздействием на достаточно плотные семенные оболочки семян трав, способствующим в условиях достаточной влагообеспеченности улучшению их прорастания. Определение эффективности разных способов приготовления травосмесей осуществлялось инструментально при помощи литровой пурки, для чего до начала и после окончания процесса смешивания проводили определение натуры семян перемешиваемых культур. Результаты. Выявлено, что оптимальным эксплуатационным режимом для приготовления травосмеси, состоящей из клевера лугового, овсяницы луговой, тимофеевки луговой, а также ежи сборной и овсяницы луговой является восьмиминутное смешивание с частотой вращения рабочего органа 16 об/мин; смеси, состоящей из райграса пастбищного, ежи сборной, мятлика лугового – 12 минут при 16 об/мин; из райграса пастбищного, клевера ползучего, клевера лугового, тимофеевки луговой – 10 минут при 12 об/мин. Заключение. Реализуемая тенденция изменения объемной массы травосмесей в зависимости от режимов работы экспериментального смесителя объясняется, прежде всего, различными геометрическими параметрами перемешиваемого материала, что практически нивелирует возможность унификации процесса смешивания для смесей семян многолетних трав в целом. Следующим этапом является исследование качества полученных кормов в зависимости от пропорций перемешиваемого материала. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this work was to develop an efective design of a mixing device for preparing seed of grass mixtures, as well as laboratory studies of the efectiveness of the mixer. Methodology. To achieve the goal, an experimental seed mixer was chosen as the object of the study, which allows high-quality mixing of seed material of perennial grasses, difering in diferent size-mass parameters. During the implementation of the research work, it was developed, a workable design of the mixer was made, protected by a Russian patent, which allows high-quality mixing of seeds, which is also characterized by a low traumatic efect on the mixed components, which, in particular, is confrmed by the results of determining the main sowing characteristics- laboratory germination and germination energy, the values of which, as a rule, only increased, which is associated with the physical efect exerted on the sufciently dense seed coat of grass seeds, which, under conditions of sufcient moisture supply, improves their germination. Determination of the efectiveness of diferent methods of preparation of grass mixtures was carried out instrumentally using a liter purr, for which, before and after the end of the mixing process, the nature of the seeds of the mixed crops was determined. Results. It was revealed that the optimal operating mode for preparing a grass mixture consisting of Trifolium pratense L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Phlum pratense L., as well as Dactylis glomerata L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. is an eight-minute mixing with a working speed of 16 rpm, from Lolium perenne L., Dactylis glomerata L., Poa pratensis L.-12 minutes at 16 rpm; from Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens, Trifolium pratense L., Phlum pratense L. – 10 minutes at 12 rpm. Conclusion. The realizable tendency to change the volumetric mass of grass mixtures depending on the operating modes of the experimental mixer is explained, frst of all, by diferent geometric parameters of the mixed material, which practically negates the possibility of unifying the mixing process for mixtures of seeds of perennial grasses as a whole. The next step is to study the quality of the resulting feed, depending on the proportions of the mixed material.


2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Truszkowska ◽  
Barbara Kalińska

Knowledge of fungal communities within cultures of clover planted into barley and clover with cocksfoot grass may be used to evaluate the antiphytopathogenic potential of the environment. Observation of the lack of common pathogenic fungi and the sensitivity of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> populations to agroecological conditions indicates the possibility of influencing the healthiness of the clover by agrotechnical methods.


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Teruyo IDO ◽  
Anibal De MORAES ◽  
Amir PISSAIA ◽  
Adelino PELISSARI ◽  
Henrique Soares KOEHLER

Uma pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) associada com três fabáceas de inverno: trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.), trevo branco (Trifolium repens L.) e cornichão (Lotus corniculatus L.), submetida a quatro ofertas de forragem (OF), 4; 8; 12 e 16 kg de massa seca (MS) 100 kg -1 de peso vivo (PV), foi avaliada num delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições, no período de julho a novembro de 1995, no Centro de Estações Experimentais do Setor de Ciências Agrárias - Canguirí - UFPR, em Pinhais- PR com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de ofertas de forragem sobre a composição botânica e qualidade da pastagem. O método de pastejo foi o contínuo com lotação variável, utilizando-se a técnica “put-and-take”. A composição botânica da pastagem foi modificada pela ação das diferentes OF. Com a diminuição na oferta de forragem ocorreu aumento na percentagem de plantas daninhas na pastagem. A qualidade da forragem e a relação folha:colmo foram reduzidas com o aumento do acúmulo de MS ha -1 . Com o avanço no estádio de desenvolvimento do azevém, ocorreu decréscimo gradativo no teor de proteína bruta (PB), entretanto, com o aumento da participação relativa das fabáceas, principalmente do trevo vermelho a partir de outubro, ocorreu aumento gradativo no teor de PB da pastagem.


2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1919-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Lisete Glienke ◽  
Marta Gomes da Rocha ◽  
Anna Carolina Cerato Confortin ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Vagner Guasso da Costa ◽  
...  

Avaliou-se a relação entre a estrutura do pasto, as variáveis ambientais e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras Ile de France × Texel em pastagem consorciada de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreb.), azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e trevo-vermelho (Trifolium pratense L.) sob quatro intensidades de desfolha (muito alta, alta, média e baixa). Utilizaram-se pastejos intermitentes considerando a soma térmica de 300 graus-dia como critério para determinar os intervalos de pastejo. As avaliações do comportamento ingestivo foram feitas por meio de observação visual em quatro períodos contínuos de 24 horas realizados no período de maio a outubro de 2006. O maior tempo de pastejo ocorreu na intensidade baixa. Altas intensidades de desfolha ocasionaram aumento da densidade populacional de perfilhos de azevém e não alteraram o peso desses perfilhos. A massa de bocados e a qualidade da dieta selecionada pelas cordeiras foram semelhantes entre as intensidades testadas. Em pastagem de aveia+azevém+trevo-vermelho, quando o intervalo de pastejo é determinado pela soma térmica de 300 graus-dia, a utilização de intensidades de desfolha que variam de baixa a muito alta não altera o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiras. O comportamento ingestivo é afetado pelo ciclo do pasto e pelo fotoperíodo e a seletividade dos animais reduz ao final do período de utilização da pastagem, quando ocorre aumento no tempo de pastejo e na distância percorrida em busca de locais de alimentação.


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