scholarly journals In Vitro Callus Induction from Adult Tissues of Japanese Flowering Cherry Trees and Two Cherry Rootstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-399
Author(s):  
Dragana M. SKOČAJIĆ ◽  
Marija M. NEŠIĆ ◽  
Marina Ž. NONIĆ ◽  
Milica M. FOTIRIĆ AKŠIĆ ◽  
Mihailo N. GRBIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Flowering Cherry ◽  
Cherry Rootstocks ◽  
Cherry Trees

Several in vitro biotechnological techniques have been developed, all of which require a reliable protocol to produce a responsive callus mass. One of these techniques is callus fusion in vitro, which is reliable for the early detection of (in)-compatibility of scions and rootstocks. In this paper, the possibility to obtain friable callus tissues was explored by callus induction of adult tissues of Japanese flowering cherry trees from the group Sato zakura (Prunus serrulata ‘Amanogawa’, ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Kiku-shidare-zakura’) and two domestic cherry rootstocks – Prunus avium and Prunus ‘Colt’. The explants used in the research were: leaf petiole, leaf base with a part of a petiole, part of lamina with a midvein and a stem with an axillary bud. Among three plant growth media (MS, SH and WP) that were used in this study, the MS proved to be the most favourable for the majority of taxa during the callus induction process. For the sweet cherry tree and the cultivars ‘Kanzan’ and ‘Colt’, the SH plant growth medium was also acceptable. The best results in callogenesis were obtained for the majority of taxons with auxin at the concentration 2 mgL-1 NAA and cytokinin BAP 0.5 mgL-1. It is also possible to use 2.4-D at the same concentration as a substitute for the genotypes Prunus avium, Prunus ‘Colt’ and Prunus serrulata ‘Kanzan’, whereas IBA proved to be an inappropriate auxin for callus induction. The protocol described herein is proved to be efficient callus induction in a range of taxa of genus Prunus.

scholarly journals In vitro establishment of Comanthera curralensis , "sempre viva" native of Chapada Diamantina - Bahia

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Márcia Sampaio Albuquerque ◽  
Alone Lima Brito ◽  
Andressa Priscila Piancó Santos Lima ◽  
Bruno Freitas Matos Alvim ◽  
José Raniere Ferreira de Santana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
In Vitro Establishment ◽  
Vitro Production

ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the germination, initial growth, and in vitro co-cultivation of Comanthera curralensis Moldenke, a "sempre viva" native of the Chapada Diamantina state of Bahia. Full strength (MS) and half-strength MS (MS1/2) growth media supplemented with two different sucrose concentrations (15 and 30g L-1) were tested for germination and initial plant growth. Three different plant densities were tested by in vitro culture (8, 10 and 12 plants per container). MS1/2 medium with 15g L-1 sucrose resulted in a higher percentage of germination and plant growth for the in vitro establishment of C. curralensis. The use of 12 plants per container is indicated for cost reduction in C. curralensis in vitro production.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on In-vitro Callus Induction in Carica papaya (cv. Pusa Nanha)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225
Author(s):  
Nisha Malik ◽  
Rakesh Singh Sengar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Shiv Kumar Singh ◽  
Gopal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Carica Papaya

scholarly journals Growth, Plant Quality, and Survival of Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Seedlings are Enhanced by CO2 Enrichment

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1654
Author(s):  
Margarita Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Almudena Bayo-Canha ◽  
Gregorio López-Ortega ◽  
Francisco M. del Amor
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Active Growth

Enrichment with CO2 and a commercial mix of plant growth regulators were tested to improve the plant quality and survival of pregerminated cherry tree seedlings. Pregerminated seeds were transferred from a cold chamber to a climatic chamber where the CO2 was set at 800 µmol·mol−1 CO2 or at the ambient CO2 concentration. Also, half of the plants were sprayed with the mix of plant growth regulators and disposed randomly. The experiment lasted 18 days and physiological measurements, such as plant physiological status and growth, number of leaves, net CO2 assimilation (ACO2), internal CO2, stomatal conductance, and transpiration, were taken every 4 days. Also, at the end of the experiment, other parameters—such as total leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, and starch—were recorded or quantified. During the experiment, plants cultured under CO2 enrichment exhibited a rapid increase in their photosynthetic rates, height, and leaf number; the commercial mix also increased plant height but inhibited leaf expansion and growth. At the end of the experiment, the amounts of starch and soluble sugars had increased in the plants grown under elevated CO2, compared with those plants grown in control conditions or with the commercial mix. Thus, culture at elevated CO2 achieved higher percentages of plant survival and of plants in active growth. We suggest that CO2 plays an important role—by increasing ACO2, water use efficiency, soluble sugars, and starch—which results in plants that are physiologically more prepared for transfer to the field.

scholarly journals Diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of (un)culturable bacteria in the Hedera helix phylloplane

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Stevens ◽  
Sofie Thijs ◽  
Jaco Vangronsveld
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Luria Bertani ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Culturable Bacteria ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

Abstract Background A diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, living in communities that are highly dynamic. Today, one of the key challenges for microbiologists is to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms that have been detected in metagenomic surveys. Results We isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen, using five growth media: Luria–Bertani (LB), LB01, yeast extract–mannitol (YMA), yeast extract–flour (YFlour), and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which we showed to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifted from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YEx, YMA, and YFlour which are more selective. All growth media equally favoured Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx, and YMA. LB and LB01 favoured Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At the genus level, LB favoured the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile of 200 isolates obtained in this study indicates that previously uncultured bacteria from the phylloplane may have potential applications in phytoremediation and other plant-based biotechnologies. Conclusions This study gives first insights into the total bacterial community of the H. helix phylloplane, including an evaluation of its culturability using five different growth media. We further provide a collection of 200 bacterial isolates underrepresented in current databases, including the characterization of PGP profiles. Here we highlight the potential of simple strategies to obtain higher microbial diversity from environmental samples and the use of high-throughput sequencing to guide isolate selection from a variety of growth media.

scholarly journals First Report of Little cherry virus 2 from Sweet Cherry in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1366-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Komorowska ◽  
M. Cieślińska
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
First Report ◽  
Nontranslated Region ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Cherry Trees

Little cherry disease (LChD) is a serious viral disease of sweet (Prunus avium) and sour (P. cerasus) cherry trees. Infection of sensitive cultivars results in small, angular, and pointed fruits with reduced sweetness. In late summer, leaves show a characteristic red coloration or bronzing of the surfaces. One Ampelovirus species, Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2) (2), and one unassigned species in the Closteroviridae, Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) (3), have been associated with LChD. Twenty-seven sour and sweet cherry trees of six varieties from orchards located in several regions of Poland were tested for LChV-1 and LChV-2. Leaf samples were taken either from trees showing fruit symptoms or from asymptomatic trees during the summer of the 2006 growing season. RNA was isolated from the leaves with an RNeasy Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, CA), and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed using primer pairs LCV1U/LCV1L and LCV2UP2/LCV2LO2, which are specific for a 419-bp fragment of the LChV-1 3′ nontranslated region and a 438-bp fragment of the LChV-2 methyltransferase gene, respectively (1). The primer pair L2CPF (5′-GTTCGAAAGTGTTTCTTGAT-3′) and L2CPR (5′-GCAACAGAAAAACATATGACTCA-3′) was designed from existing LChV-2 sequences (GenBank Accession Nos. AF416335 and NC_005065) to amplify the entire LChV-2 coat protein (CP) gene (nucleotides 13,007 to 14,134). The amplified cDNA fragments of LChV-2 genome were ligated to the bacterial vector pCR2.1-TOPO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), which was used to transform Escherichia coli TOP10 competent cells following the manufacturer's protocol. Both strands of three clones for each amplified LChV-2 genome fragment were sequenced with an automated nucleotide sequencer at the Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics in Warsaw. RT-PCR results showed that 6 of 27 trees were infected, with LChV-1 detected in five sweet cherry trees and LChV-2 singly infecting one sweet cherry tree cv Elton (isolate C4/14). The nucleotide sequence of the 438-bp methyltransferase gene fragment of isolate C4/14 showed 86, 85, and 84% identity to GenBank Accession Nos. AF333237, AF531505, and AJ430056, respectively, all previously reported LChV-2 sequences from cherry trees. Sequence analysis of the 1,088-bp coat protein gene showed 89 to 91% and 92 to 93% nucleotide and amino acid identity, respectively, with the aforementioned three LChV-2 isolates. The tree infected with LChV-2 was indexed by graft transmission to the woody indicator, Prunus avium cv. Canindex, which showed reddening of the leaves characteristic of LChD 3 months after inoculation. Since cherry production in Poland is 230,000 t per year, the disease may have a significant economic impact because the affected fruits are unsuitable either for consumption or sale. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LChV-2 in Poland. References: (1) M. E. Rott and W. Jelkmann. Phytopathology 91:261, 2001. (2) M. E. Rott and W. Jelkmann. Arch. Virol. 150:107, 2005. (3) M. Vitushkina et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 103:803, 1997.

scholarly journals Effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (Jatropha curcus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Sharma ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil bearing crop growing in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (J. curcus). In the present study, it was observed that all the explants viz., leaf lamina, petioles, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed good callus induction responses on various culture media thus tried. Leaf lamina and petioles showed 100.0% callus induction responses on different MS media supplemented with auxins and cytokinins alone or in combinations whereas, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed maximum 89.6% and 83.9% callus induction respectively. The presence of 2, 4-D in culture media with auxins or cytokinins was essential for good callus growth. Among different explants tried, leaf lamina was the best responding explants and MS-13 media supplemented with 5×10-6 M NAA and 10-5 M 2, 4-D is the best callusing and growth supporting medium. However, the regenerative competence of the callus tissues can differ depending on the type of explants used because certain types of plant tissues have more favorable regeneration responses than others. Callus induction rate from all explant types was highest than other reports. The results obtained in the present study would facilitate the high callus induction and regeneration responses in J. curcus for its improvement using biotechnological tools.

scholarly journals In vitro Plantlet Regeneration from Callus Culture of Trachyspermum copticum

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Hamze Teymourian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Masoud Tohidfar ◽  
Nazi Farsaloon ◽  
Nasim Zarinpanjeh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Trachyspermum Copticum

The effect of explant sources and plant growth regulators on callus induction and plantlet regeneration of Trachyspermum copticum were explored. Different explants including hypocotyl, cotyledonary node and leaf were cultured on MS supplemented with different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators including 2,4‐D (0.2‐3 0.5 mg/l), NAA (2 mg/l), BAP (1‐3 mg/l), Kn (0.5 mg/l) and IAA (0.8 mg/l). The best response for callus induction (100%) as well as quality was observed from cotyldonary node segments cultured on MS supplemented with 2, 4‐D at 1 mg/l in combination with Kn at 0.5 mg/l. Calli derived from various explants were subcultured on shoot induction media with different compositions and concentrations of medium. MS without any plant growth regulator promoted the highest frequency of shoot regeneration (100%) and also mean number of developed shoots per explants (3.8) showed the same result. Regenerated shoots were then rooted on three‐fourth strength MS with 75% efficiency after 30 days.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(1): 13-20, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Effect of the Carbon Source and Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) in the Induction and Maintenance of an In Vitro Callus Culture of Taraxacum officinale (L) Weber Ex F.H. Wigg

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Martinez ◽  
Lorena Jorquera ◽  
Paola Poirrier ◽  
Katy Díaz ◽  
Rolando Chamy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid

Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg, commonly known as dandelion, is a cosmopolitan and perennial weed, which has medicinal properties. In vitro propagation methods are widely used on plants that have difficulties in cultivation and, consequently, low extraction yields of active metabolites. Thus, callus culture has been considered to be useful for the accumulation of several metabolites. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient protocol for callus induction and maintenance of T. officinale, for which explant type, carbon source, light conditions, and nine different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs), such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/L) and 6-benzylaminopurine acid (BAP) (from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/L), were evaluated. The results showed that hypocotyls and roots from sterile seedlings are the best sources for callus induction, with 100% of callogenesis at every condition tested, and more than 95% of viability and friability. Complete darkness and a medium supplemented with sucrose at 2.3% (w/v) and 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 0.5 mg/L of BAP were the best conditions for callus induction, showing callus with low organogenesis and high friability. This study provides a basis for future studies on improving large-scale callus propagation and further establishment of suspension culture systems for commercial purposes.

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