Current status and progress of prepandemic and pandemic influenza vaccine development

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Leroux-Roels ◽  
Geert Leroux-Roels
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Status

Pandemic influenza vaccine development: time is of the essence

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Cox ◽  
Karl A Brokstad ◽  
Lars R Haaheim
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Vaccine Development

scholarly journals Avian influenza pandemic preparedness: developing prepandemic and pandemic vaccines against a moving target

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neetu Singh ◽  
Aseem Pandey ◽  
Suresh K. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
Pandemic Threat

The unprecedented global spread of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses within the past ten years and their extreme lethality to poultry and humans has underscored their potential to cause an influenza pandemic. Combating the threat of an impending H5N1 influenza pandemic will require a combination of pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies. The emergence of the H1N1 pandemic in 2009 emphasised the unpredictable nature of a pandemic influenza. Undoubtedly, vaccines offer the most viable means to combat a pandemic threat. Current egg-based influenza vaccine manufacturing strategies are unlikely to be able to cater to the huge, rapid global demand because of the anticipated scarcity of embryonated eggs in an avian influenza pandemic and other factors associated with the vaccine production process. Therefore, alternative, egg-independent vaccine manufacturing strategies should be evaluated to supplement the traditional egg-derived influenza vaccine manufacturing. Furthermore, evaluation of dose-sparing strategies that offer protection with a reduced antigen dose will be critical for pandemic influenza preparedness. Development of new antiviral therapeutics and other, nonpharmaceutical intervention strategies will further supplement pandemic preparedness. This review highlights the current status of egg-dependent and egg-independent strategies against an avian influenza pandemic.

scholarly journals Alternative Live-Attenuated Influenza Vaccines Based on Modifications in the Polymerase Genes Protect against Epidemic and Pandemic Flu

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 4587-4596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Solórzano ◽  
Jianqiang Ye ◽  
Daniel R. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Ann Arbor

ABSTRACT Human influenza is a seasonal disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza vaccination is the most effective means for disease prevention. We have previously shown that mutations in the PB1 and PB2 genes of the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) from the cold-adapted (ca) influenza virus A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2) could be transferred to avian influenza viruses and produce partially attenuated viruses. We also demonstrated that avian influenza viruses carrying the PB1 and PB2 mutations could be further attenuated by stably introducing a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag in the PB1 gene. In this work, we wanted to determine whether these modifications would also result in attenuation of a so-called triple reassortant (TR) swine influenza virus (SIV). Thus, the TR influenza A/swine/Wisconsin/14094/99 (H3N2) virus was generated by reverse genetics and subsequently mutated in the PB1 and PB2 genes. Here we show that a combination of mutations in this TR backbone results in an attenuated virus in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we show the potential of our TR backbone as a vaccine that provides protection against the 2009 swine-origin pandemic influenza H1N1 virus (S-OIV) when carrying the surface of a classical swine strain. We propose that the availability of alternative backbones to the conventional ca A/Ann Arbor/6/60 LAIV strain could also be useful in epidemic and pandemic influenza and should be considered for influenza vaccine development. In addition, our data provide evidence that the use of these alternative backbones could potentially circumvent the effects of original antigenic sin (OAS) in certain circumstances.

Shigella Vaccine Development: Prospective Animal Models and Current Status

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Sang-Gu Yeo ◽  
Jae-Hak Park ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis: Current Status of Vaccine Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Handman
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dna Encoding ◽  
And Control

SUMMARY Leishmaniae are obligatory intracellular protozoa in mononuclear phagocytes. They cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging in severity from spontaneously healing skin lesions to fatal visceral disease. Worldwide, there are 2 million new cases each year and 1/10 of the world's population is at risk of infection. To date, there are no vaccines against leishmaniasis and control measures rely on chemotherapy to alleviate disease and on vector control to reduce transmission. However, a major vaccine development program aimed initially at cutaneous leishmaniasis is under way. Studies in animal models and humans are evaluating the potential of genetically modified live attenuated vaccines, as well as a variety of recombinant antigens or the DNA encoding them. The program also focuses on new adjuvants, including cytokines, and delivery systems to target the T helper type 1 immune responses required for the elimination of this intracellular organism. The availability, in the near future, of the DNA sequences of the human and Leishmania genomes will extend the vaccine program. New vaccine candidates such as parasite virulence factors will be identified. Host susceptibility genes will be mapped to allow the vaccine to be targeted to the population most in need of protection.

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