Segmentation of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Internal Brain Nuclei in Brain Magnetic Resonance Images

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063
Author(s):  
D. Selvaraj ◽  
R. Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Brain Nuclei

Non-inflammation cerebrospinal fluid and normal brain magnetic resonance images of Autoimmune encephalits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yake Zheng ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
yajun lian ◽  
Lihao Li ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Clinical Prognosis

Abstract Background We set out to investigate the characteristics and factors related to non-inflammation cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and normal brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in patients. Methods The distribution and characteristics of brain MRI and CSF in 124 patients who were living with anti-NMDAR(71), LGI1(26),CASPR2(4),GABAR(23) encephalitis and who had been admitted between October 2016 and May 2018 were analyzed prospectively. Results 12 of the 124 patients(1%) had a normal MRI and non-inflammation CSF.Ten of them were LGI1(83%),while the remaining 1 patient was NMDAR(8.3%),1 patient was CASPR2(8.3%).The clinical symptoms including epilepsy, psychosis, cognitive disorders, conscious disorders, headache, faciobrachial dystonic seizure (FBDS), speech disorders and hypoventilation. AE with non-inflammation CSF and normal MRI with good clinical prognosis. The median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was low, and recurrence rate was also low. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of on-inflammation CSF and brain MRI-negative patients with AE are not specific, but suggest a better prognosis and a lower recurrence rates.

Influence of Lumbosacral Cerebrospinal Fluid Density, Velocity, and Volume on Extent and Duration of Plain Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Higuchi ◽  
Jyun-ichi Hirata ◽  
Yushi Adachi ◽  
Tomiei Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Sensory Block ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Spinal Block ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Block Level

Background The current study was designed to investigate the influence of lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) density, velocity, and volume on the extent and duration of plain bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. Methods Forty-one patients scheduled to undergo orthopedic surgery with spinal block were enrolled. Lumbosacral CSF volumes were calculated from low thoracic, lumbar, and sacral axial magnetic resonance images. CSF velocity at the L3-L4 level was derived from phase-contrast magnetic resonance images. Spinal anesthesia was performed in the lateral decubitus position. CSF (2 ml) was sampled to measure CSF density before injection of 3 ml plain bupivacaine (0.5%). Statistical correlation coefficients (rho) between CSF characteristics and measurements of spinal anesthesia were assessed by Spearman rank correlation. In addition, stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to select important predictors of measures of spinal anesthesia. Results There was a significant correlation between CSF density and peak sensory block level (rho = 0.33, P = 0.034). Lumbosacral CSF volume inversely correlated with peak sensory block level (rho = -0.65, P < 0.0001) and positively correlated with onset time of complete motor block (rho = 0.42, P = 0.008). CSF volume also inversely correlated with time required for regression of the sensory block to L1 (rho = -0.35, P = 0.026) and L2 (rho = -0.33, P = 0.039). There was a significant inverse correlation between peak diastolic CSF velocity and duration of motor blockade (rho = -0.44, P = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis revealed that weight and CSF volume significantly contributed to the peak sensory block level (R2 = 0.46). Conclusions These findings indicate that CSF density and volume influence the spread of spinal anesthesia with plain bupivacaine and that CSF volume also influences the duration of spinal anesthesia. CSF velocity might also influence the duration of plain bupivacaine spinal anesthesia.

Broadening the clinical spectrum: unusual presentation of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis A. Nowak ◽  
Sven-Olaf Rodiek ◽  
Jürgen Zinner ◽  
Albrecht Guhlmann ◽  
Helge Topka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Blood Patch ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension is characterized by orthostatic headaches in conjunction with reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure or CSF volume, and characteristic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. A 50-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of paroxysmal ataxia of gait and short attacks of blurred vision when he stood up from a recumbent position and began to walk. Orthostatic headache was not a feature of his clinical presentation. Magnetic resonance images of the brain revealed diffuse enhancement of the dura mater and hygromas over both cerebral convexities. Magnetic resonance images of the spine demonstrated dilated cervical epidural veins and dilation of the perimedullary veins. Radionuclide cisternography identified a CSF leakage that was localized to the T12—L1 level on subsequent myelograms and on computerized tomography scans obtained after the myelograms. An epidural blood patch was administered and visualized with tungsten powder. The patient's clinical symptoms and sites of disease on imaging completely resolved. The unusual clinical presentation in this case—paroxysmal ataxia of gait, lack of orthostatic headaches, and dilated epidural and perimedullary venous plexus—supports a recently noted broadening of both the clinical and imaging characteristics of spontaneous intracranial hypovolemia.

Pregnancy in Patients with Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts: Report of a Series and Review of the Literature

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Wisoff ◽  
Kristen J. Kratzert ◽  
Sara M. Handwerker ◽  
Bruce K. Young ◽  
Fred Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Shunt Revision ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Shunt Obstruction

Abstract Hydrocephalic women with cerebrospinal fluid shunts are now surviving to reproductive age. Twenty-one pregnancies in 18 patients with shunts, including 11 from the present series and 10 from previous series, were analyzed for neurological, obstetrical, and perinatal outcome. Fourteen women had preexisting shunts, and 4 had the onset of symptomatic hydrocephalus and the placement of shunts during pregnancy. Neurological complications occurred in 13 of 17 (76%) pregnancies in patients with preexisting shunts, including symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in 10 of 17 (59%) pregnancies, exacerbation of seizure disorder in 2 of 17 (12%) pregnancies, and severe headaches without increased ICD in 1 patient. In 7 of 11 (66%) of the symptomatic patients, symptoms spontaneously resolved postpartum. Four of 17 (23%) of these pregnancies were associated with shunt obstruction requiring antepartum or postpartum surgery. Four patients had a primary shunt placement, and one had a shunt revision during pregnancy without complications. There were no unusual obstetrical or perinatal complications in the series. The clinical management of pregnant patients with hydrocephalus should include preconception counseling and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the use of serial antenatal magnetic resonance images, ICP monitoring, or the judicious use of radioisotope studies of shunt patency if signs of increased ICP appear. A cesarean section is recommended for the delivery of the neurologically unstable patient. For asymptomatic mothers, a vaginal delivery with a shortened second stage and prophylactic antibiotics are advised.

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