scholarly journals Aphasia assessment: impact of material on naming performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 774-780
Author(s):  
José Fonseca ◽  
Filipa de Miranda ◽  
Gabriela Leal ◽  
Teresa Pinho e Melo ◽  
Isabel Pavão Martins
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Order ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Presentation Sequence ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Naming Performance ◽  
Post Onset ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Background: Naming and lexical retrieval difficulties are common symptoms of aphasia. Naming abilities are usually evaluated by means of real objects or pictures or line drawings that are printed. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ability to name objects among individuals with aphasia is influenced by the dimensions of the visual stimuli and to understand whether the order of presentation of the stimuli, number of years of education and length of time post-onset are involved in the success of naming. Methods: The naming abilities of healthy controls and patients with acute or chronic aphasia due to stroke were assessed through presentation of two sets of 24 stimuli consisting of real objects and color photographs of the same objects presented on a screen. The results obtained under these two conditions were compared by means of within-subject paired ANOVA, controlling for presentation order. Results: 40 patients (62.4 ± 17.3 years old; 70% females; mean education level of 8.5 ± 5.3 years; and 60% evaluated within the first eight days after stroke) and 50 controls that were age, gender and education-matched were included. Object naming was significantly better than naming color photographs among the patients (p = 0.001), but no differences were observed among the controls. Age, education, length of time post-onset and presentation sequence did not have any impact on naming performance. Conclusion: These results suggest that use of digital color photographs for naming objects in assessment of aphasia may be associated with lower naming performance, compared with use of real objects. This needs to be taken into account when different forms of stimuli are presented in sequential aphasia evaluations.

scholarly journals Effect of Age, Education, and Bilingualism on Confrontation Naming in Older Illiterate and Low-Educated Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Ashaie ◽  
Loraine Obler
Keyword(s):  
First Language ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Speaking Proficiency ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
L2 Speaking ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Naming Performance ◽  
Naming Test ◽  
Better Than

We investigated the effects of age as well as the linked factors of education and bilingualism on confrontation naming in rural Kashmir by creating a culturally appropriate naming test with pictures of 60 objects. We recruited 48 cognitively normal participants whose ages ranged from 18 to 28 and from 60 to 85. Participants in our study were illiterate monolinguals(N=18)and educated Kashmiri-Urdu bilinguals(N=30). Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that younger adults performed better than older adults(P<0.01)and the age effect was quadratic (age2). It also showed Age X Education and Age X L2 Speaking interactions predicted naming performance. The Age X Education interaction indicated that the advantages of greater education increased with advancing age. Since education is in the second language (L2) in our population, this finding is no doubt linked to the Age X L2 Speaking interaction. This suggests that L2 speaking proficiency contributed more to first language (L1) naming with advancing age.

scholarly journals The effects of the order of picture presentation on the subjective emotional evaluation of pictures

Psicologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kosonogov
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Neutral Picture ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Emotional Evaluation ◽  
Picture Presentation ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Order Of Presentation

In the last twenty years, a great number of studies on subjective emotional evaluation of affective pictures have been published. However, it is well-known that the order of presentation may entail sequential effects, which is the perception of a previous stimulus that may influence the next stimulus's perception. Our study examines whether the order of picture presentation influences the subjective evaluation of their affective valence and arousal. The results showed some influence of the order of presentation on affective valence: unpleasant pictures at the end were less unpleasant than unpleasant pictures at the beginning, and the neutral picture, when presented after unpleasant pictures, was more pleasant than when presented after pleasant pictures. No effect of presentation order on arousal was found. These findings suggest that several picture presentation orders should be used in future experiments on emotions to avoid possible effects of the order on affective valence.

scholarly journals The multiplex structure of the mental lexicon influences picture naming in people with aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol Castro ◽  
Massimo Stella
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
Psycholinguistic Variables ◽  
Naming Performance

Abstract An emerging area of research in cognitive science is the utilization of networks to model the structure and processes of the mental lexicon in healthy and clinical populations, like aphasia. Previous research has focused on only one type of word similarity at a time (e.g., semantic relationships), even though words are multi-faceted. Here, we investigate lexical retrieval in a picture naming task from people with Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia and healthy controls by utilizing a multiplex network structure that accounts for the interplay between multiple semantic and phonological relationships among words in the mental lexicon. Extending upon previous work, we focused on the global network measure of closeness centrality which is known to capture spreading activation, an important process supporting lexical retrieval. We conducted a series of logistic regression models predicting the probability of correct picture naming. We tested whether multiplex closeness centrality was a better predictor of picture naming performance than single-layer closeness centralities, other network measures assessing local and meso-scale structure, psycholinguistic variables and group differences. We also examined production gaps, or the difference between the likelihood of producing a word with the lowest and highest closeness centralities. Our results indicated that multiplex closeness centrality was a significant predictor of picture naming performance, where words with high closeness centrality were more likely to be produced than words with low closeness centrality. Additionally, multiplex closeness centrality outperformed single-layer closeness centralities and other multiplex network measures, and remained a significant predictor after controlling for psycholinguistic variables and group differences. Furthermore, we found that the facilitative effect of closeness centrality was similar for both types of aphasia. Our results underline the importance of integrating multiple measures of word similarities in cognitive language networks for better understanding lexical retrieval in aphasia, with an eye towards future clinical applications.

Pair Comparison and Ascending Series NaCl Thresholds: Criterion and Residual Effects

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M O'Mahony ◽  
H Ivory ◽  
E King
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Order ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Pair Comparison ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Order Of Presentation ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Ascending series detection and recognition thresholds, both with and without interstimulus water rinses, and pair comparison thresholds, with varied presentation order, were measured for NaCl. Thresholds were measured in situ against a normal salivary background and also after rinses with 60 mM and 1 M NaCl. Predicted changes in the level of adaptation of the taste receptors, due to NaCl concentration changes in the mouth, were seen to vary the measured thresholds. Ascending series thresholds without interstimulus rinses were highest of all, although they were reduced by rinsing. The order of presentation in pair comparison tests was seen to vary thresholds in a manner predicted by proposed adaptation levels. Effects were also noted which were due to criterion definition and language. The trends found in the present experiments were also found in the literature.

scholarly journals Age of acquisition and naming performance in Frisian-Dutch bilingual speakers with dementia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencke S. Veenstra ◽  
Mark Huisman ◽  
Nick Miller
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Language Loss ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
Naming Performance

Age of acquisition (AoA) of words is a recognised variable affecting language processing in speakers with and without language disorders. For bi- and multilingual speakers their languages can be differentially affected in neurological illness. Study of language loss in bilingual speakers with dementia has been relatively neglected.OBJECTIVE:We investigated whether AoA of words was associated with level of naming impairment in bilingual speakers with probable Alzheimer's dementia within and across their languages.METHODS:Twenty-six Frisian-Dutch bilinguals with mild to moderate dementia named 90 pictures in each language, employing items with rated AoA and other word variable measures matched across languages. Quantitative (totals correct) and qualitative (error types and (in)appropriate switching) aspects were measured.RESULTSImpaired retrieval occurred in Frisian (Language 1) and Dutch (Language 2), with a significant effect of AoA on naming in both languages. Earlier acquired words were better preserved and retrieved. Performance was identical across languages, but better in Dutch when controlling for covariates. However, participants demonstrated more inappropriate code switching within the Frisian test setting. On qualitative analysis, no differences in overall error distribution were found between languages for early or late acquired words. There existed a significantly higher percentage of semantically than visually-related errors.CONCLUSIONThese findings have implications for understanding problems in lexical retrieval among bilingual individuals with dementia and its relation to decline in other cognitive functions which may play a role in inappropriate code switching. We discuss the findings in the light of the close relationship between Frisian and Dutch and the pattern of usage across the life-span.

scholarly journals The multiplex structure of the mental lexicon influences picture naming in people with aphasia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol Castro ◽  
Massimo Stella
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Network Measures ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
Psycholinguistic Variables ◽  
Naming Performance

An emerging area of research in cognitive science is the utilization of networks to model the structure and processes of the mental lexicon in healthy and clinical populations, like aphasia. Previous research has focused on only one type of word similarity at a time (e.g., semantic relationships), even though words are multi-faceted. Here, we investigate lexical retrieval in a picture naming task from people with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia and healthy controls by utilizing a multiplex network structure that accounts for the interplay between multiple semantic and phonological relationships among words in the mental lexicon. Extending upon previous work, we focused on the global network measure of closeness centrality which is known to capture spreading activation, an important process supporting lexical retrieval. We conducted a series of logistic regression models predicting the probability of correct picture naming. We tested whether multiplex closeness centrality was a better predictor of picture naming performance than single-layer closeness centralities, other network measures assessing local and meso-scale structure, psycholinguistic variables, and group differences. We also examined production gaps, or the difference between the likelihood of producing a word with the lowest and highest closeness centralities. Our results indicated that multiplex closeness centrality was a significant predictor of picture naming performance, where words with high closeness centrality were more likely to be produced than words with low closeness centrality. Additionally, multiplex closeness centrality outperformed single-layer closeness centralities and other multiplex network measures, and remained a significant predictor after controlling for psycholinguistic variables and group differences. Furthermore, we found that the facilitative effect of closeness centrality was similar for both types of aphasia. Our results underline the importance of integrating multiple measures of word similarities in cognitive language networks for better understanding lexical retrieval in aphasia, with an eye toward future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Visual Agnosia for Line Drawings and Silhouettes without Apparent Impairment of Real-Object Recognition: A Case Report

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Hiraoka ◽  
Kyoko Suzuki ◽  
Kazumi Hirayama ◽  
Etsuro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Posterior Cerebral Artery ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Visual Agnosia ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
The Right

We report on a patient with visual agnosia for line drawings and silhouette pictures following cerebral infarction in the region of the right posterior cerebral artery. The patient retained the ability to recognize real objects and their photographs, and could precisely copy line drawings of objects that she could not name. This case report highlights the importance of clinicians and researchers paying special attention to avoid overlooking agnosia in such cases. The factors that lead to problems in the identification of stimuli other than real objects in agnosic cases are discussed.

scholarly journals The Mnemonic Tuning for Contamination: A Replication and Extension Study Using More Ecologically Valid Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470492094623
Author(s):  
Natália L. Fernandes ◽  
Josefa N. S. Pandeirada ◽  
James S. Nairne
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Person ◽  
Dirty Hands ◽  
Behavioral Immune System ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Contamination Effect ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

To face threats posed by pathogens, natural selection designed the Behavioral Immune System, which orchestrates several responses aimed to prevent contact with pathogens. Memory seems to augment this system. Using line drawings of objects, previous studies found that objects described as having been touched by sick people were better remembered than those described as having been touched by healthy people. The current work was designed to replicate and extend these initial studies using more ecologically-valid stimuli—photographs of real objects being held by hands. These photographs were shown along with descriptors (Experiment 1a) or faces (Experiment 1b) denoting the health status of the person whose hands were holding the objects. Experiments 2 and 3 used, as cues of contamination, dirty hands covered with a substance described as being vomit and diarrhea, respectively. Experiment 3 also investigated the need for a fitness-relevant context for the mnemonic effect to occur. In all experiments, stimuli were presented individually on the screen with the “contamination cue.” During encoding participants had to identify whether each object had been touched by a sick or a healthy person. The results of the final surprise free recall tasks replicated those previously reported: performance was enhanced for objects encoded as potential sources of contamination. Furthermore, the results of the last study reinstate the importance of fitness-relevance for the effect to occur. These results establish the generality of the contamination effect previously found, now using more ecologically-valid stimuli.

Lexical retrieval deficits in anomic aphasia and specific language impairment (SLI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kambanaros ◽  
Willem van Steenbrugge
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Naming Performance

Lexical retrieval of verbs and nouns was compared in two groups of impaired language users, children diagnosed with SLI and adults with acquired anomic aphasia, on two production tasks: picture confrontation naming and connected speech. Both children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia showed a more substantial lexical or naming deficit for verbs than for nouns. However, no specific verb retrieval deficit was observed in connected speech in either group. Furthermore, partial correlations between verb and noun naming and their type-token ratios in connected speech failed to find an association between verb/ noun retrieval in naming and in connected speech. The results suggest (1) that children with SLI and adults with anomic aphasia show a specific verb deficit in naming, and (2) that the ability to predict lexical retrieval abilities for verbs (and nouns) in connected speech from naming performance is weak for both groups.

“Order Effects” Revisited: The Importance of Chronology

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Favere-Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Order Of Presentation

This study examined whether auditors, when they are processing mixed evidence, take into consideration the chronological order of the evidence (giving rise to what this study refers to as a trend effect), or if their evaluations are influenced primarily by the order of presentation (giving rise to what the audit literature refers to as a recency effect). The study's primary objective was to determine whether awareness of the temporal order of evidence would prevent auditors from placing more weight on evidence that they most recently processed (i.e., whether the trend effect dominates the recency effect). Auditors were given an experimental task of going-concern assessment. Auditors evaluating undated mixed evidence exhibited recency effects similar in magnitude to those shown by auditors who were asked to evaluate dated mixed evidence, in which the presentation order was consistent with temporal order. However, auditors evaluating evidence in which temporal order and presentation order were varied orthogonally took into consideration the chronological order of the evidence. This, in turn, led to a significant reduction in the effect of recency. Additional analysis indicates that auditors who evaluated dated mixed evidence chose audit opinions consistent with the trend reflected by the chronology of the evidence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document