“Order Effects” Revisited: The Importance of Chronology

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Favere-Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Order Of Presentation

This study examined whether auditors, when they are processing mixed evidence, take into consideration the chronological order of the evidence (giving rise to what this study refers to as a trend effect), or if their evaluations are influenced primarily by the order of presentation (giving rise to what the audit literature refers to as a recency effect). The study's primary objective was to determine whether awareness of the temporal order of evidence would prevent auditors from placing more weight on evidence that they most recently processed (i.e., whether the trend effect dominates the recency effect). Auditors were given an experimental task of going-concern assessment. Auditors evaluating undated mixed evidence exhibited recency effects similar in magnitude to those shown by auditors who were asked to evaluate dated mixed evidence, in which the presentation order was consistent with temporal order. However, auditors evaluating evidence in which temporal order and presentation order were varied orthogonally took into consideration the chronological order of the evidence. This, in turn, led to a significant reduction in the effect of recency. Additional analysis indicates that auditors who evaluated dated mixed evidence chose audit opinions consistent with the trend reflected by the chronology of the evidence.

Tonal Hierarchies and Rare Intervals in Music Cognition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Krumhansl
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Psychological Experiments

Four issues raised by Butler's (1989) commentary are addressed. The first issue is the possibility that the results of perceptual studies of tonal hierarchies can be attributed to task-specific strategies developed in response to particular stimuli. Such strategies cannot account for the convergence across experiments employing varied tasks and stimulus materials. The second issue is the correspondence between statistical summaries of music and perceptual data. The correspondence is shown to be quite general and to have implications for the acquisition of tonal knowledge. The third issue is the process listeners use to identify the tonal center. Patternmatching to tonal hierarchies is shown to be a plausible process contributing to key-finding, whereas a tritone rule has limited applicability. The final issue is the effect of temporal order on pitch perception. Principled temporal-order effects are found in many psychological experiments, but not in those focusing on the tritone relation.

Feedback versus an Illusion in Time

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G Jamieson ◽  
William M Petrusic
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Order ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Information Feedback ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Time Order ◽  
Extended Practice ◽  
Duration Comparison ◽  
Response Biases

The accuracy of many perceptual comparisons depends greatly on the order in which the to-be-compared stimuli are presented. With comparisons of durations around 300 ms, these presentation-order effects do not diminish, even with extended practice, when feedback about response accuracy is withheld. Providing such feedback greatly diminishes presentation-order effects and coincidentally produces substantial increases in response accuracy. The feedback acts in part through inducing response biases and in part through changes in sensitivity. The contradiction between studies which report time-order errors in duration comparison and those which do not is attributable to differences in the use of information feedback.

scholarly journals The limits of visual working memory in children: exploring prioritization and recency effects with sequential presentation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed David John Berry ◽  
Amanda Waterman ◽  
Alan D. Baddeley ◽  
Graham J. Hitch ◽  
Richard John Allen
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Sequential Presentation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Final Item ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Automatic Memory

Recent research has demonstrated that, when instructed to prioritize a serial position in visual working memory, adults are able to boost performance for this selected item, at a cost to non-prioritized items (e.g. Hu et al., 2014). While executive control appears to play an important role in this ability, the increased likelihood of recalling the most recently presented item (i.e. the recency effect) is relatively automatic, possibly driven by perceptual mechanisms. In three experiments 7 to 10-year-old’s ability to prioritize items in working memory was investigated using a sequential visual task (total N = 208). The relationship between individual differences in working memory and performance on the experimental task was also explored. Participants were unable to prioritize the first (Experiments 1 & 2) or final (Experiment 3) item in a 3-item sequence, while large recency effects for the final item were consistently observed across all experiments. The absence of a priority boost across three experiments indicates that children may not have the necessary executive resources to prioritize an item within a visual sequence, when directed to do so. In contrast, the consistent recency boosts for the final item indicate that children show automatic memory benefits for the most recently encountered stimulus. Finally, for the baseline condition in which children were instructed to remember all three items equally, additional working memory measures predicted performance at the first and second but not the third serial position, further supporting the proposed automaticity of the recency effect in visual working memory.

Recency Effects in Opinion Formation

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Zdep ◽  
Warner Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Order Effect ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Jury Trials

160 undergraduates read excerpts from a jury trial in either a defense-prosecution or a prosecution-defense order. A significant recency effect appeared on both opinion ( p < .05) and retention ( p < .01) measures. An attempt to manipulate the order effect, by interpolating materials from another jury trial, either between the parts of the first trial or after the first trial and the opinion rating, proved unsuccessful, possibly because the interpolated materials were not of sufficient length to allow for significant forgetting This study agrees with several others in showing mostly recency effects in decisions concerning jury trials.

Effects of Task, Interval and Order of Presentation on Time Estimations

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Order Effects ◽  
Order Of Presentation

60 male adults estimated time passage for achievement-oriented and unfilled tasks. Significant task, interval, and order effects were associated with trial and total temporal estimations.

Anchoring Effects in Facial Attractiveness

Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053
Author(s):  
Juergen Goller ◽  
Helmut Leder ◽  
Heather Cursiter ◽  
Rob Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Test Item ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Presentation Order ◽  
First Impressions ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Anchoring Effects ◽  
Final Item

First impressions from faces emerge quickly and shape subsequent behaviour. Given that different pictures of the same face evoke different impressions, we asked whether presentation order affects the overall impression of the person. In three experiments, we presented naturally varying photos of a person’s face in ascending (low-to-high) or descending (high-to-low) order of attractiveness. We found that attractiveness ratings for a subsequent test item were higher for the descending condition than for the ascending condition (Experiment 1), consistent with anchoring effects. In Experiment 2, we ruled out contrast between the final item and the test item as the cause of the effect by demonstrating anchoring within the sequence itself. In Experiment 3, we found that order of image presentation also affected dating decisions. Our findings demonstrate that first impressions from faces depend not only on visual information but also on the order in which that information is received. We suggest that models of impression formation and learning of individual faces could be improved by considering temporal order of encounters.

Recency effects in the buffering of negative news by corporate social responsibility advertising

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Hye Han ◽  
Gary Davies ◽  
Anthony Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Attribution Of Blame ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
A Company

PurposeDrawing from the theory of how relevant items are processed in memory when making judgements, this study aims to test for recency effects between CSR advertising and related, negative news on how a company is perceived and the explanatory roles of environmentalism, attribution and both feelings and attitudes towards the advertising itself.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses between-subjects experimental design with pretests.FindingsOrder effects exist, which, when ads and news are similarly influential, evidence a recency effect. The process is explained by both the mediating influence of attribution of blame and the moderation of this influence by attitude towards the environment. Differences between the effectiveness of ads are explained by the mediating influence of attitudes towards and feelings about the ad together with the moderation of this influence by involvement in the ad context.Practical implicationsCorporate social responsibility (CSR) ads should be pretested in the context of related but negative news, and not just on their own, to ensure they can buffer such news. CSR ads can be more effective when following rather than preceding such news and should not be withdrawn if such a crisis occurs.Originality/valueThe research first attempts to explain recency effects theoretically from the influence of CSR ads on negative CSR-related news. It also shows the determining factors in how such effects influence consumers by considering attribution, environmentalism, attitude to the context and attitude and feelings towards CSR ads.

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