scholarly journals Efficacy of the 20-minute whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) in the diagnosis of coagulation alteration related to snakebites in a Western Brazilian Amazon hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Nascimento da Costa ◽  
Ageane Mota da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Medeiros de Souza ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Brazilian Amazon

The Haemocompatibility of Biomaterials In Vitro: Investigations on the Mechanism of the Whole-blood Clot Formation Test

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Groth ◽  
Katrin Derdau ◽  
Frank Strietzel ◽  
Frank Foerster ◽  
Hartmut Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Static Conditions

Twenty years ago Imai & Nose introduced a whole-blood clotting test for the estimation of haemocompatibility of biomaterials in vitro In our paper a modification of this assay is described and the mechanism of clot formation further elucidated. It was found that neither the inhibition of platelet function nor the removal of platelets from blood significantly changed the clot formation rate on glass and polyvinyl chloride in comparison to the rate tor whole blood. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that platelets were not involved in clot formation near the blood/biomaterial interface. Thus, it was concluded that the system of contact activation of the coagulation cascade dominates during clot formation under static conditions. The latter conclusion was supported by the fact that preadsorption of human serum albumin or human fibrinogen onto the glass plates used, decreased the clot formation rate in the same manner.

scholarly journals Visual acuity in fish consumers of the Brazilian Amazon: risks and benefits from local diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 2236-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Fillion ◽  
Mélanie Lemire ◽  
Aline Philibert ◽  
Benoît Frenette ◽  
Hope Alberta Weiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between near and distant visual acuity and biomarkers of Hg, Pb, n-3 fatty acids and Se from the local diet of fish-eating communities of the Tapajós River in the Brazilian Amazon.DesignVisuo-ocular health and biomarkers of Hg (hair, whole blood, plasma), Pb (whole blood), Se (whole blood and plasma) and n-3 fatty acids (plasma total phospholipids) were assessed in a cross-sectional study.SettingLower Tapajós River Basin (State of Pará, Brazil), May to July 2006.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty-three adults (≥15 years) without diagnosed age-related cataracts or ocular pathologies.ResultsNear visual acuity was negatively associated with hair Hg and positively associated with %DHA, with a highly significant Log Hg × age interaction term. Stratifying for age showed that while young people presented good acuity, for those aged ≥40 years, clinical presbyopia was associated with hair Hg ≥ 15 μg/g (OR = 3·93, 95 % CI 1·25, 14·18) and %DHA (OR = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·11). A similar age-related pattern was observed for distant visual acuity in relation to blood Pb, but the evidence was weaker.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Hg and Pb may affect visual acuity in older persons, while DHA appears to be protective for near visual acuity loss. In this population, with little access to eye care, diet may have an important influence on visuo-ocular ageing.

Autoprothrombin II of human origin

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan N. Ulutin ◽  
J. Frederic Johnson ◽  
Walter H. Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Generation Test ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Autoprothrombin II activity develops when prothrombin preparations of human origin are activated with purified thrombin at pH 8.2. Early during the activation an inhibitor seems to form. Concentrates of the autoprothrombin II can replace serum in the thromboplastin generation test provided platelets are used in the test, but not if a soy bean phosphatide is used. Dogs were given Coumadin in doses that lowered their own autoprothrombin concentration practically to zero. Then while continuing with use of the drug some purified autoprothrombin II was infused intravenously. This was tolerated very well. The autoprothrombin II concentration stayed at normal for 7 hr. In 24 hr none remained. The infusion was also followed by a shortening of the whole blood clotting time.

Heparin Concentrations Correlated To The Activated Whole Blood Clotting Time (Act) During Extracorporeal Circulation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Stenbjerg ◽  
E Berg ◽  
O K Albrechtsen
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Heparin levels and ACT were followed during open heart surgery in lo patients. Heparin was assayed by an amidolytic method using substrate S-2222. ACT was determined with an automated method using celite and glass beads as activators of coagulation. Neither the hemodilution nor the depletion of platelets observed during extracorporeal circulation seemed to influence the ACT. An excellent correlation between the ACT and the actual heparin level was found in each patient with coefficients of correlation ranging from 0.73 – 0.97. A slightly better correlation was noticed for values of ACT below 600 seconds. It was concluded that the ACT is a valuable and reliable tool in control of heparinisation during open heart surgery.

Role of Trisodium Citrate in the Unclottability by Thrombin of Fibrinogen Metz

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Soria ◽  
J. Soria ◽  
M. Samama ◽  
E. Poirot ◽  
G. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

In a case of homozygous dysfibrinogenemia, the whole blood clotting time was moderately prolonged, while the thrombin clotting time was infinite, whatever dose or nature of thrombin used. Besides, the bleeding syndrome in this case was very weak.We observed also that only after trisodium citrate addition to purified fibrinogen, the abnormal fibrinogen became unclottable by thrombin even after addition of calcium chloride, since without trisodium citrate thrombin time was only prolonged.By immunoelectrophoresis and by isofocusing in the presence or in the absence of trisodium citrate, we therefore undertook to show that trisodium citrate reacts more strongly with the abnormal fibrinogen than with normal one. Thus, trisodium citrate conferring a negative charge to the pathological molecule, the abnormal fibrinogen became resistant to clotting with thrombin. Protamine sulfate, by positiving the charges of fibrinogen, partially corrects the defect in fibrin formation.

Anticlotting activity of phosvitin on chicken blood in vitro

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Sato ◽  
Kazutaka Homma ◽  
Jiro Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Chicken Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Phosvitin, a phosphoprotein isolated from the vitellin of egg yolk, prolonged the whole blood clotting time in the chicken blood in vitro. The degree of phosvitin's inhibition of coagulation was inversely related to the level of egg-yolk-like material in plasma induced by estrogen.

scholarly journals Bedside Coagulation Tests in Diagnosing Venom-Induced Consumption Coagulopathy in Snakebite

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supun Wedasingha ◽  
Geoffrey Isbister ◽  
Anjana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Consumption Coagulopathy ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

Venom-induced consumption coagulopathy is the most important systemic effect of snake envenoming. Coagulation tests are helpful to accurately and promptly diagnose venom-induced consumption coagulopathy and administer antivenom, which is the only specific treatment available. However, bedside clotting tests play a major role in diagnosing coagulopathy in low-income settings, where the majority of snakebites occur. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE® from 1946 to 30 November 2019, looking for research articles describing clinical studies on bedside coagulation tests in snakebite patients. Out of 442 articles identified, 147 articles describing bedside clotting assays were included in the review. Three main bedside clotting tests were identified, namely the Lee–White clotting test, 20-min whole blood clotting time and venous clotting time. Although the original Lee–White clotting test has never been validated for snake envenoming, a recently validated version has been used in some South American countries. The 20-min whole blood clotting time test is the most commonly used test in a wide range of settings and for taxonomically diverse snake species. Venous clotting time is almost exclusively used in Thailand. Many validation studies have methodological limitations, including small sample size, lack of case-authentication, the inclusion of a heterogeneous mix of snakebites and inappropriate uses of gold standard tests. The observation times for bedside clotting tests were arbitrary, without proper scientific justification. Future research needs to focus on improving the existing 20-min whole blood clotting test, and also on looking for alternative bedside coagulation tests which are cheap, reliable and quicker.

Effect of Intraperitoneal Administration of Heparin to Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Takahashi ◽  
Akihito Shimada ◽  
Kazuyoshi Okada ◽  
Tsutomu Kuno ◽  
Yuji Nagura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Heparin Activity ◽  
Blood Clotting Time

The effect of intraperitoneal administration of heparin to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) remains obscure. We examined 8 patients on CAPD to investigate its effect. When 2.5 U/ml or 5 U/ml of heparin was given intraperitoneally, t1/2 of heparin activity in the dialysate was 0.5 to 2 hrs, and 6 hrs after administration its activity was 0.5 U/ml and 1.4 U/ml respectively. Whole blood clotting time was hardly affected because the transfer of heparin to the plasma was minimal. The plasma antithrombin III (AT -III) levels were comparable to patients on hemodialysis, but the AT-111level in the dialysate was only 1.5% of those in the plasma. We conclude that the intraperitoneal administration of heparin at these doses is effective in preventing fibrin precipitation when intraperitoneal AT -III levels are expected to be relatively increased such as at the start of CAPD or in the presence of peritonitis.

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