scholarly journals Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs administered a single intramuscular injection of racemic or S (+)-ketamine after premedication with acepromazine-morphine

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Feres Bressan ◽  
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro ◽  
Karina Coelho ◽  
Betânia Souza Monteiro ◽  
Daniela Campagnol
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Anesthetic Induction ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Sparing Effect

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (ISOMAC) in twenty three dogs premedicated with acepromazine (0.02mgkg-1) and morphine (0.5mgkg-1) and administered racemic (RK) or S(+)-ketamine (SK). Dogs randomly received a single dose (3mgkg-1, IM) of either RK or SK 15minutes after anesthetic induction with propofol. The ISOMAC was determined by the up-and-down method. Approximately 20 minutes after administration of RK or SK, a surgical noxious stimulus was applied and the response evaluated. The ISOMAC was 0.50±0.01% in the RK group (n=10) and 0.31±0.04% in the SK group (n=13). The ISOMAC was 38% lower in the SK group compared to the RK group. Results of the present study revealed that in dogs premedicated with acepromazine and morphine, IM administration of 3mgkg-1 ketamine approximately 20 minutes before the noxious stimulus produced clinically important reduction in the ISOMAC and the MAC-sparing effect was significantly greater with SK compared to RK.

Single-Dose Intramuscular Ceftriaxone for Acute Otitis Media in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Steven M. Green ◽  
Steven G. Rothrock
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

This study evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone for acute otitis media in children, using amoxicillin as a control. (There is currently no established single-dose treatment for this condition.) In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial, 233 children, aged 5 months to 5 years, with uncomplicated acute otitis media were randomly assigned to receive either a single intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg) plus placebo oral suspension for 10 days, or a placebo injection plus amoxicillin oral suspension (40 mg/kg per day divided three times per day) for 10 days in a double-blind fashion. Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Treatment was successful in 107 of 117 given amoxicillin (91%, 95% confidence interval 86% to 97%) and 105 of 116 given ceftriaxone (91%, 95% confidence interval 85% to 96%). Rates of improvement, failure, relapse, and reinfection were similar in both groups, as were the otoscopic and tympanometric evaluations at the 14- and 60-day follow-up visits. It is concluded that a single intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg) is as effective as 10 days of oral amoxicillin for the treatment of uncomplicated acute otitis media in children.

Reduction of isoflurane MAC with buprenorphine and morphine in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Criado ◽  
I. A. Gómez de Segura ◽  
F. J. Tendillo ◽  
F. Marsico
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Noxious Stimulus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

Preoperative analgesics are being increasingly used to provide analgesia in the intraoperative and postoperative period. Opioids reduce anaesthetic requirements, although the effect varies with the different drug and species. The aim of this work was to determine whether buprenorphine reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in a dose-related fashion, and whether this effect is similar to morphine when clinical doses of both drugs are used in the rat. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were anaesthetized with isoflurane, and MAC was determined before and after the administration of either buprenorphine or morphine. MAC of isoflurane was determined from alveolar gas samples when a standard noxious stimulus, in the form of a tail clamp, was applied. The duration and degree of reduction of the MAC of isoflurane were recorded. Basic cardiovascular and respiratory measurements were also recorded. Buprenorphine (10, 30 and 100 μg/kg) and morphine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) reduced in a dose-dependent fashion the MAC of isoflurane by 15%, 30% and 50%, respectively. Buprenorphine resulted in less cardiovascular and respiratory depression and had a longer-lasting action than morphine. In conclusion, buprenorphine has a dose-related isoflurane sparing effect in the rat similar to that caused by morphine at clinical doses of both drugs.

Interaction of Isoflurane and Nitrous Oxide Combinations Similar for Median Electroencephalographic Frequency and Clinical Anesthesia

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-788. ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Ropcke ◽  
Helmut Schwilden
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Anesthetic Requirement ◽  
Clinical Anesthesia ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Concentration

Background The volatile anesthetic sparing effect of nitrous oxide in clinical studies is less than might be expected from the additivity of minimum alveolar concentration values. Other studies identify nonadditive interactions between isoflurane and nitrous oxide. The aim of this study was to quantify the interaction of isoflurane and nitrous oxide at a constant median electroencephalographic frequency. Methods Twenty-five patients were studied during laparotomies. Nitrous oxide was randomly administered in concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 75 vol%, to ten patients for each nitrous oxide concentration. Isoflurane vaporizer settings were chosen so that the median electroencephalographic frequency was held between 2 and 3 Hz. The relationship between nitrous oxide concentrations and required isoflurane concentrations was examined with the method of isoboles. Results Nitrous oxide linearly decreased the isoflurane requirement. Addition of every 10 vol% of nitrous oxide decreases the isoflurane requirement by approximately 0.04 vol%. The total anesthetic requirement of isoflurane and nitrous oxide, expressed in terms of previously reported minimum alveolar concentration values, increased significantly with increasing nitrous oxide concentrations. Conclusions The interaction of isoflurane and nitrous oxide in the dose range 0-75 vol% on median electroencephalographic frequency is compatible with additivity. The potency of nitrous oxide as a substitute for isoflurane is less than on a minimum alveolar concentration basis. Maintaining median electroencephalographic frequency more appropriately reflects the clinical usage of isoflurane and nitrous oxide than does maintaining minimum alveolar concentration.

scholarly journals Tissue distribution of marbofloxacin in pigs after a single intramuscular injection

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Zhili Li ◽  
Yuqin Wang ◽  
Baobao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

Systemic Effect of Human Growth Hormone after Intramuscular Injection of a Single Dose of a Muscle-Specific Gene Medicine

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khursheed Anwer ◽  
Mei Shi ◽  
Martha F. French ◽  
Susanne R. Muller ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Specific Gene

scholarly journals Single-dose Intramuscular Injection Toxicology of Danggui Pharmacopuncture (DGP) in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
SeungHo Sun ◽  
JongJin Jeong ◽  
Sunju Park ◽  
KwangHo Lee ◽  
JunSang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

THE EFFECT OF BETAMETHASONE ON GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND ON GLUCONEOGENESIS FROM AMINO ACIDS IN SHEEP

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. B. REILLY ◽  
E. J. H. FORD
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Mean Glucose

SUMMARY Primed continuous infusions of tracer amounts of [U-14C]glucose and of [U-14C]labelled mixed amino acids were used to measure plasma glucose and amino acid entry rates and to obtain an index of the incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose by sheep before and 24 h after a single intramuscular injection of betamethasone. Maximum hyperglycaemia occurred 24 h after administration of the steroid, but there was no significant change in arterial amino acid concentration. Mean glucose entry rate was significantly raised 24 h after steroid administration. The rate of incorporation of amino acid carbon into glucose also increased significantly. The increases in plasma glucose concentration and in glucose entry confirm the authors' previous results. The results also indicate that a significant proportion of the additional glucose entry is synthesized from amino acid carbon.

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