scholarly journals Inoculation methods and agressiveness of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates in cowpea

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Micael da Silva Souza ◽  
Leonardo Aparecido Brandão da Silva ◽  
Francisco Álef Carlos Pinto ◽  
Jerônimo Constantino Borel ◽  
Alexandre Sandri Capucho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Semiarid Conditions

ABSTRACT: The fungi Macrophomina phaseolina is the charcoal rot causal agent, one of the most important cowpea crop disease in semiarid regions can causes 100% yield losses. The search for resistant genotypes requires efficient phenotyping. In addition, there is the problem of great variation in aggressiveness between isolates. This study aimed to 1) test three methods of inoculation in semiarid conditions, and 2) to evaluate the aggressiveness of isolates of M. phaseolina. In the first experiment carried out in greenhouse, the inoculations methods were evaluated, using two cowpea lines, three inoculation methods and three pathogen isolates. On the second experiment, fifteen M. phaseolina isolates were inoculated in one cultivar to evaluate their aggressiveness. By assessing the length of the lesions and the severity of the disease using an index, we identified the toothpick inoculation method as the most efficient. Toothpick method allowed to discriminate the genotypes and the aggressiveness of the pathogen.

Phaseocyclopentenones A and B, Phytotoxic Penta- and Tetrasubstituted Cyclopentenones Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Causal Agent of Charcoal Rot of Soybean in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Francisco Sautua ◽  
Roukia Zatout ◽  
Stefany Castaldi ◽  
Lorenzo Arrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Charcoal Rot

INCIDENCE OF CHARCOAL ROT, CAUSAL AGENT MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA, IN BIOSOLARIZED SOIL

2014 ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
B. de los Santos ◽  
M. Chamorro ◽  
P. Domínguez ◽  
J.J. Medina-Mínguez ◽  
L. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Charcoal Rot

Inoculation of Euphorbia lathyris with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Phyllis T. Himmel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Euphorbia Lathyris

Root infections caused by Macrophomina phaseolina were initiated under optimal conditions for the host, Euphorbia lathyris. Two-week-old Euphorbia lathyris seedlings were inoculated by tying roots with cotton strings infested with Macrophomina phaseolina. Ninety-three per cent of the inoculated roots developed infections after 2 weeks incubation in silica sand at 25 °C. By using infested strings, differences in the incidence of lesion development were detected when infected roots were subjected to differing temperature regimes. After approximately 6 weeks, there was a significantly [Formula: see text] greater incidence of lesion development at 34 °C than at 25 °C, whereas there was no difference in the incidence of infection. Aerial symptoms indicative of charcoal rot were not observed during the course of these studies. Key words: infested strings, charcoal rot.

scholarly journals The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Y. Bandara ◽  
Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya ◽  
Sanzhen Liu ◽  
Christopher R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACTMacrophomina phaseolina (MP) is a necrotrophic fungus that causes charcoal rot disease in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The host resistance and susceptibility mechanisms for this disease are poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional and biochemical aspects of the oxidative stress and antioxidant system of charcoal rot resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to MP inoculation were investigated. RNA sequencing revealed 96 differentially expressed genes between resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes that are related to the host oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Follow-up functional experiments demonstrated MP’s ability to significantly increase reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) content in the susceptible genotypes. This was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde content, an indicator of ROS/RNS-mediated lipid peroxidation. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues of susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe (DAF-FM DA) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Inoculation significantly increased peroxidase activity in susceptible genotypes while catalase activity was significantly higher in MP-inoculated resistant genotypes. MP inoculation significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity in all genotypes. These findings suggested MP’s ability to promote a host-derived oxidative stress response in susceptible sorghum genotypes, which contributes to induced cell death-associated disease susceptibility to this necrotrophic phytopathogen.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica juncea

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Keri ◽  
C. G. J. van den Berg ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Inoculation Method

The inheritance of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of black leg of crucifers, was studied in Brassica juncea. Three resistant accessions (UM3021, UM3043, and UM3323) and one susceptible accession (UM3132) of B. juncea were crossed in a complete diallel. Parents, F1, and F2 progenies were evaluated for all crosses using both cotyledon and stem inoculation. Cotyledon reaction was evaluated with two isolates of L. maculans, but stem reaction was evaluated with one isolate. Disease reactions observed for individual plants were the same for both inoculation methods and for both isolates of the pathogen for cotyledon reaction. No segregation was observed for the crosses between resistant accessions (UM3043 × UM3323 and UM3021 × UM3323), but a few susceptible plants were observed in the F2 progeny of crosses between resistant parents (UM3021 × UM3043). This was probably due to heterozygosity in some parental plants of UM3021. For crosses be tween the susceptible parent and resistant parents, F1 plants for two crosses were all resistant. For cross UM3132 × UM3021, some susceptible plants occurred, which was also suggestive of heterozygosity in UM3021. Although resistance in F1 was dominant, for F2 populations, segregation fit either 13:3, 3:1, or 1:3 ratios, indicating that resistance can be either adominant or recessive trait. F3 families derived from some susceptible F2 plants from crosses UM3021 × UM3132 and UM3043 × UM3132 were evaluated using the cotyledon inoculation method only. Segregation of F2 plants and F3 families in crosses involving resistant and susceptible parents indicated that the resistance to L. maculans in B. juncea is controlled by two nuclear genes with dominant recessive epistatic gene action.

Effect of silicon compounds against Macrophomina phaseolina the causal agent of soybean charcoal rot disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Zein El-Abdean ◽  
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr ◽  
Mohamed H. A. Hassan ◽  
Rafik M. A. El-sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Silicon Compounds ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Charcoal Rot of Strawberries Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Peres ◽  
James C. Mertely
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
And Control

PP 242, a 2-page illustrated fact sheet by N.A. Peres and James C. Mertely, describes this new crown-rot disease in Florida -- causal agent and symptoms, disease development and spread, and control. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, November 2007. PP242/PP161: Charcoal Rot of Strawberries Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance and morphological parameters of different sunflower cultivars against charcoal rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Maryam Yousaf ◽  
Atta-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Charcoal rot is one of the major threats to sunflower which causes complete crop loss in epidemic conditions. The genetic resistance of sunflower germplasm could be more economical and durable approach for the management of charcoal rot. In the current experiment, six genotypes obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were evaluated for their resistance and morphological parameters against Macrophomina phaseolina. Under field conditions, none of the cultivars gave immune or resistant response against the disease. FH-337 was found to be susceptible with 54.87% infection while FH-331, FH-106 and Hycanth-33 appeared moderately susceptible with 25-49% infections. The least affected varieties were FH-259 and DK-40 with moderately resistant status in the range of 10-24%. Yield parameters of resistant varieties were better than susceptible ones when compared under inoculated conditions. Moderately resistant genotypes might have the better genetic makeup and could be selected in breeding programs to find out resistant sunflower germplasm to fulfill the needs of growing population. Moreover, these cultivars could be used for better yield of sunflower.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

scholarly journals Progress of soybean charcoal rot under tillage and no-tillage systems in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro M. R. Almeida ◽  
Lilian Amorim ◽  
Armando Bergamin Filho ◽  
Eleno Torres ◽  
José R. B. Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Conventional Systems

The increase in incidence of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on soybeans (Glycine max) was followed four seasons in conventional and no-till cropping systems. In the 1997/98 and 2000/01 seasons, total precipitation between sowing and harvest reached 876.3 and 846.9 mm, respectively. For these seasons, disease incidence did not differ significantly between the no-till and conventional systems. In 1998/99 and 1999/00 precipitation totaled 689.9 and 478.3 mm, respectively. In 1998/99, in the no-till system, the disease incidence was 43.7% and 53.1% in the conventional system. In 1999/00 the final incidence was 68.7% and 81.2% for the no-till and conventional systems, respectively. For these two seasons, precipitation was lower than that required for soybean crops (840 mm), and the averages of disease incidence were significantly higher in the conventional system. The concentration of microsclerotia in soil samples was higher in samples collected in conventional system at 0 - 10 cm depth. However, analysis of microsclerotia in roots showed that in years with adequate rain no difference was detected. In dry years, however, roots from plants developed under the conventional system had significantly more microsclerotia. Because of the wide host range of M. phaseolina and the long survival times of the microsclerotia, crop rotation would probably have little benefit in reducing charcoal rot. Under these study conditions it may be a better alternative to suppress charcoal rot by using the no-till cropping system to conserve soil moisture and reduce disease progress.

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