scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF SOLID CATALYST FROM DOLOMITE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION USING PALM KERNEL OIL IN AN OPTIMIZATION PROCESS BY DEFINITIVE SCREENING DESIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 979-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah O. Ajala ◽  
Mary A. Ajala ◽  
Temitope E. Odetoye ◽  
Anuoluwapo T. Okunlola
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Definitive Screening ◽  
Definitive Screening Design

scholarly journals Trans-Esterification Optimization Process for Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil using Response Surface Methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
T.O. Rabiu ◽  
N.A. Folami ◽  
N.A. Badiru ◽  
N.A. Kinghsley ◽  
B.T. Dare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

The ever-growing concern for the safety of lives and the environment as well as the depletion in fossil fuels reserves across the globe has led to the keen interests of many researchers in the field of renewable energy. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate the trans-esterification optimization process for biodiesel production from palm kernel using response surface methodology. The materials for the trans-esterification processes were palm kernel oil, Methanol and sodium hydroxide. The effects of reaction temperature (oC), catalyst concentration (wt%) and reaction time (min) on the yield were evaluated. The properties of the biodiesel produced showed that it met the ASTM standard for biodiesel. A quadratic polynomial model, Yield (%) = 78.60–3.12A–.62B + 0.00C -0.75AB – 3.50AC + 1.50BC + 2.82A2– 0.18B2 + 1.08C2, was developed that can be used to predict yield of biodiesel at any value of the different parameters investigated. The ANOVA for the model of the biodiesel yield obtained indicates that the models fit well in describing the relationship between the predictor (biodiesel yield) and the factors (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction time). The optimal trans-esterification conditions were found to be 60°C for temperature, 60minutes for reaction time, 0.878w% of oil as Sodium hydroxide (catalyst) concentration and methanol/oil ratio of 1:6. At these optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was fond to be 89.32% The generated biodiesel had high cetane number, better engine ignitability and poses lesser pollution problems than petroleum diesel.

scholarly journals Enzymatic biodiesel production from palm oil and palm kernel oil using free lipase

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Kareem ◽  
E.I. Falokun ◽  
S.A. Balogun ◽  
O.A. Akinloye ◽  
S.O. Omeike
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Free Lipase

Process Design, Techno-Economic Modelling, and Uncertainty Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Olusola Oke ◽  
Bernard Ibezim Okolo ◽  
Oladayo Adeyi ◽  
John Abiola Adeyi ◽  
Chiamaka Joan Ude ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

scholarly journals Investigation of direct biodiesel production from wet microalgae using definitive screening design

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 1149-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Felix ◽  
Aristotle Ubando ◽  
Cynthia Madrazo ◽  
Sylviana Sutanto ◽  
Phuong Lan Tran-Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Definitive Screening ◽  
Wet Microalgae ◽  
Definitive Screening Design

Influence of the Procedure to Immobilize Lipase on SBA-15 for Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco G. H. S. Pinto ◽  
Francisco R. Fernandes ◽  
Vinicius P. S. Caldeira ◽  
Heizir F. de Castro ◽  
Luiz Di Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Immobilize Lipase ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4274
Author(s):  
Senthur Prabu Sabapathy ◽  
Asokan Morappur Ammasi ◽  
Esmail Khalife ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Yield Condition ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil

Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%.

scholarly journals Simplified Rate Expression for Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Methanol Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-606
Author(s):  
A. D. Okewale ◽  
Millionaire Freeborn Nestor Abowei ◽  
F. O. Agbogun ◽  
C. N. Owabor
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Kinetic Reaction ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Rate Expression

The need for the development of simplified kinetics rates expression (-RA) for Vegetable Oils Alkali catalyzed Transesterification processes to enhance biodiesel production motivated this study. The study, therefore aimed at proposing unified simple rate expression that may be a useful prelude to design various reactor types for Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) and Methanol reactions. The kinetics   rate expression is proposed using simple explicit algebraic technique with the consideration that alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction of palm kernel oil and methanol is a reversible bimolecular reaction. The proposed kinetic reaction rate expression is developed as a function of conversion (XA), reactants and products concentration and reaction rate constants (k1 and k2). The kinetics reaction rate expression obtained is further evaluated   on the basis of reactants and product molar masses and densities. The developed models were simulated using Matlab codes programming techniques. The results for kinetic reaction rates (-RA & -ReA) decreases with decrease in fractional volume change (e) and increase in fractional conversion at constant reaction time. The results were quite compatible with those of inferential laboratory physicochemical characterization reported.

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