Comprehensive Assessment from Optimum Biodiesel Yield to Combustion Characteristics of Light Duty Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel and Fuel Additives

Biodiesel is considered as a key prospective renewable energy source in India. Hence, a study was carried out for the improvement of palm kernel oil biodiesel production using a transesterification process at different molar ratios. This study comprehensively examined all aspects of biodiesel from optimum production to the effect of additives on its combustion behavior. The optimum yield condition was validated with the MINITAB-17 software and analyzed using the Taguchi method. Two different additives, 5% diethyl ether (DEE) and 2000 ppm Butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), were also experimented. Engine experiments were conducted at constant speed (1500 rpm) and five different engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) on a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, engine emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke opacity were analyzed. The maximum palm kernel oil (PKO) biodiesel yields, obtained at 55 °C, for the KOH and NaOH catalysts were 86.69% and 75.21% at the molar ratio of 6:1. B20BHT combustion showed 4.6% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE). NOx emission was reduced by 19.4%, compared to the diesel fuel values. DEE resulted in higher CO and HC emissions compared to diesel fuel values by 39.2% and 7.6%, respectively, whereas smoke emission was improved by 11.5%.

Download Full-text

Durability studies of an indirect diesel engine run on raw palm kernel oil

International Journal of Technology and Management Research ◽

10.47127/ijtmr.v1i5.42 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 42-50

Author(s):

Godwin K. Ayetor ◽

Joseph Parbey ◽

Gabriel Osei

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Laboratory Test ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Test Sample ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Durability Test ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil

This works considered the possibility of using raw palm kernel oil as an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel in a VW engine. At present, very little results on engine durability tests of palm kernel oil use as a fuel has been recorded in literature. A Four-stroke indirect injection diesel engine with capacity of 314,280x 10³mm³ and compression ratio 20.1:1 with constant water cooler was used for the investigation. The engine used for the experimentation is an indirect diesel engine, which is normally the type installed on agricultural engines. The engine was run alternatively for 100 hours on petroleum diesel and palm kernel oil respectively. After the durability test, sample of the lubricating oil was collected and sent for laboratory test. Viscosity, additives and metallic debris was analysed during the laboratory test for both fuel cases to determine wear. Visual inspection was also carried out to determine the state of the engine before and after each run. The engine run with petroleum diesel fuel was compared with that of the engine with palm kernel oil based on their fuel supply system and the lubricating oil analysis. The results showed that raw palm kernel oil can be used as a substitute to petroleum diesel in an indirect diesel engine without any significant damage. In terms wear, the vegetable oil even showed better performance due to its high lubricity compared with petroleum diesel fuel. It is recommended that a heating system be installed on the engine to run on palm kernel oil. Keywords: palm kernel oil; raw vegetable oil; straight vegetable oil; durability; lubrication oil.

Download Full-text

Palm Kernel Oil Polyol-based Polyurethane as Shape Memory Material: Effect of Polyol Molar Ratio

Journal of Physical Science ◽

10.21315/jps2019.30.s2.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (Supp.2) ◽

pp. 77-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norshahli Mat Saad ◽

◽

Syazana Ahmad Zubir ◽

Keyword(s):

Shape Memory ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Shape Memory Material ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Memory Material

Download Full-text

Enzymatic biodiesel production from palm oil and palm kernel oil using free lipase

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum ◽

10.1016/j.ejpe.2016.09.002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 635-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

S.O. Kareem ◽

E.I. Falokun ◽

S.A. Balogun ◽

O.A. Akinloye ◽

S.O. Omeike

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Palm Kernel Oil ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Free Lipase

Download Full-text

The Comparative Trail Research on the Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel/Diesel Blended Fuel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.103 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 103-106

Author(s):

Wen Ming Cheng ◽

Hui Xie ◽

Gang Li

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Blended Fuel ◽

Load Conditions

This paper discusses the brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of a diesel engine using cottonseed biodiesel blended with diesel fuel. A series of experiments were conducted for the various blends under varying load conditions at a speed of 1500 rpm and 2500 rpm and the results were compared with the neat diesel. From the results, it is found that the brake specific fuel consumption of cottonseed biodiesel is slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at different engine loads and speeds, with this increase being higher the higher the percentage of the biodiesel in the blend. And the brake thermal efficiency of cottonseed biodiesel is nearly similar to that of diesel fuel at different engine loads and speeds. From the investigation, it is concluded that cottonseed biodiesl can be directly used in diesel engines without any modifications, at least in small blending ratios.

Download Full-text

Engine performance of blends of palm kernel oil biodiesel under varying speed at constant torque

Nigerian Journal of Technology ◽

10.4314/njt.v39i3.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 761-766

Author(s):

J.N. Nwakaire ◽

O.F. Obi ◽

C.J. Ohagwu ◽

C.C. Anyadike ◽

I.E. Ugwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Kernel Oil ◽

Constant Torque ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Test Fuel

This study conducts a comparative evaluation the effect of using palm kernel oil (PKO), pure petroleum diesel and their blends (B5, B10, B20, B30, B40, and B100), on the performance of a four-cylinder CI diesel engine (David Brown 990: 58hp; 2WD), at Farm Power and Machinery Test laboratory Centre (FPMTLC), Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The objective of the study was to determine the fuel consumption rates, energy expended, brake specific fuel consumption, and brake thermal efficiency, under varying operating speeds (700 – 1900rpm) at constant torque. Each fuel test was conducted using the Heenan-Froude hydraulic dynamometer engine-test-bed; pure petroleum diesel (B0) was used to generate the baseline data. Variables calculated were analyzed, then compared with each other to determine the differences in the engine performance and also to determine the optimum test fuel. The results obtained show that B10 had the overall optimum energy output, fuel consumption rates, and brake specific fuel consumption of 5431.809J, 3.42E-07 m3/s, and 0.16569l/KWh, respectively at the highest engine speed of 1900. B10 had an excellent brake thermal efficiency of 60.6% but was not better than B100, which showed a higher value of 66.95%. From the analysis, B10 is the optimum test fuel and can be used as an alternative fuel in David Brown 990 (58hp; 2WD) or similar CI diesel engines without any engine modification, even though B100 showed potential as an alternative to fossil diesel. Biofuel production grows through integrated aquaculture and algae production; the algae oil will serve as a raw material for biofuel production Keywords: Blends, Biodiesel, Brake Specific Consumption, Diesel Engine, Fuel Consumption rate, Thermal Efficiency.

Download Full-text

An Assessment on Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Lemongrass-Diesel Oil Fuel Blends

10.21203/rs.3.rs-761013/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naveen Rana ◽

Harikrishna Nagwan ◽

Kannan Manickam

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Performance Characteristics ◽

Emission Characteristics ◽

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽

Fuel Blends

Abstract Indeed, the development of alternative fuels for use in internal combustion engines has become an essential requirement to meet the energy demand and to deal with the different problems related to fuel. The research in this domain leads to the identification of adverse fuel properties and for their solution standard limits are being defined. This paper outlines an investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of a 4-stroke diesel engine using different cymbopogon (lemongrass) - diesel fuel blends. 10% to 40% cymbopogon is mixed with diesel fuel and tested for performance characteristics like brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. To obtain emission characteristics smoke density in the terms of HSU has been measured. In result, it has observed that there is an increase of 5% in brake thermal efficiency and 16.33% decrease in brake specific fuel consumption. Regarding emission characteristics, a 12.9% decrease in smoke emission has been found.

Download Full-text