Ingestive behavior of Girolando heifers in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forestry (ICLF) systems

ABSTRACT Aiming to compare integrated crop, livestock (ICL) and forest (ICLF) systems in relation to ingestive behavior of dairy heifers, a 2 × 2 crossover trial was conducted with two periods and two systems. Eight Girolando (3/4holstein × 1/4 Gyr) heifers were evaluated in pasture of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) managed with intermittent stocking. The ICLF systemhad eucalyptus trees planted in tiers with 65% crown cover. Ingestive behavior parameters were obtained using acoustic data collected with mP3 recorders for 48hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed procedure of SAS, and means were compared using the Tukey-Kramer test at 5% significance. The dry mater intake (DMI), number of daily grazing sessions, and the duration of the grazing sessions did not differ (P<0.05) between systems. A higher (P<0.05) bite rate and total daily bites and lower (P<0.05) bite mass was observed in the ICLF system in relation to ICL. Heifers in shaded pasture change their ingestive behavior in comparison with those in full-sun pasture.

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Bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of Xaraés palisade grass under grazing in integrated systems

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.53004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e53004

Author(s):

Francyelle Ruana Faria da Silva ◽

Ana Karina Dias Salman ◽

Pedro Gomes da Cruz ◽

Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽

Jucilene Cavali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Crown Cover ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

To evaluate the bromatological composition and ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha ‘Xaraes’ syn Brachiaria brizantha) under grazing in integrated crop, livestock (ICL), and forest (ICLF) systems, we conducted an in situ degradability trial in randomized blocks with three non-lactating 3/4 Gyr × 1/4 Holstein cows, provided with ruminal cannula. The management of Xaraés palisade grass was similar in both systems, differing only regarding shading in the ICLF system provided by eucalyptus trees (average 65% crown cover). Grass samples were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Considering the passage rate 2% h-1, the Xaraés palisade grass of ICL system had greater NDF effective degradability in relation to ICLF (46.38% vs 44.98%). However, the palisade grass CP potential degradability was greater in the ICLF than in the ICL system (68.92% vs. 65.40%). The presence of trees in the pasture has effect on nutritional traits of the Xaraés palisade grass, increasing its protein content and degradability and reducing its fiber degradability.

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Sward structure and ingestive behavior of cows in tropical pastures managed under different forage allowances

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-10913 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 2009-2016

Author(s):

E.R. Janusckiewicz ◽

D.R. Casagrande ◽

E. Raposo ◽

C. Bremm ◽

R.A. Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Behavior ◽

Block Design ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Displacement Rate ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Tropical Pastures ◽

Bite Rate ◽

Sward Height ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Second Year

ABSTRACT This study evaluated how changing the structure of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture under different forage allowances (FA) of 4, 7, 10 and 13kg DM/100kg BW (body weight) affected animal behavior over a two-year evaluation period. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design with three replications (paddock). Sward height, total forage, and stem mass were lower for pastures managed with lower FA. Lower leaf mass was observed for lower FA in the second year. In hand-plucked samples, leaf and stem percentages remained unchanged in the morning but leaf percentage increased while stems decreased in the afternoon. Permanence time decreased linearly with increasing FA. In turn, a quadratic effect was observed for displacement rate. The bite rate was similar among different FAs. The results demonstrate that FA varying between 7 and 10kg DM/100kg BW are more suitable to balance the amounts of leaves and stems in the sward. The studied FA levels do not limit forage availability. Permanence time decreases and displacement rate increases as FA increases.

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Puccinia levis var. brachiariae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20093189830 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

P. F. Cannon

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Leaf Lamina ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia levis var. brachiariae comb. nov., which causes small lesions on young stems and leaf lamina of the host plant and, where present in quantity, could significantly reduce vigour. Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Malawi, Uganda, Zambia and Brazil) and hosts (Brachiaria brizantha [Urochloa brizantha], B. decumbens [Urochloa decumbens], B. humidicola [Urochloa humidicola] and an unnamed Brachiaria sp.).

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Caracterização dos Estratos Verticais de Pastagens Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Manejadas em Diferentes Alturas

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2021v25n1p09-15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 09-15

Author(s):

Rafaela Machado dos Santos ◽

José Victor Pronievks Barreto ◽

Mateus Ludovico Zamboti ◽

Camila Cano Serafim ◽

Kivia Cardoso Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Leaf Blade ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Environment Effects ◽

Dead Material ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

A estrutura da pastagem é uma característica determinante tanto da dinâmica de crescimento da planta quanto do comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a densidade da forragem e a proporção dos componentes morfológicos da planta, nos estratos verticais de pastagens de capim Marandu, submetido ao pastejo em diferentes alturas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as análises de variância e de regressão. Durante o experimento, as alturas médias dos seis piquetes utilizados foram de 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 e 50 cm. O material coletado foi separado, em lâmina foliar, colmo verde e material morto, que foram analisados quanto ao teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os estratos verticais apresentaram diferentes composições em relação aos componentes morfológicos de acordo com a altura do pasto. Os estratos próximos ao solo apresentaram maior densidade de forragem com valores de 370 a 543 kg/ha.cm, maior proporção de colmos verdes (30 a 53%) e material morto (25 a 52%) e menor de lâminas foliares (10 a 35%). Independente da altura do pasto, os estratos superiores são mais sensíveis aos efeitos do animal e do ambiente, e apresentaram maiores teores de PB e FDN para lâminas foliares e colmos. Nos estratos acima de 15 cm, os valores de PB e FDN das lâminas foliares verdes variaram entre 10,3 e 13,6% e 49,3 e 54,2%, respectivamente. O manejo em diferentes alturas altera as características dos estratos verticais do pasto, principalmente, nos estratos acima de 15 cm. Palavras-chave: Altura do Pasto. Densidade Forrageira. Colmos Verdes. Material Morto. Lâmina Foliar. Abstract The pasture structure is a determining characteristic of both the plant growth dynamics and the animals ingestive behavior. The objective of the work was to describe the density and the proportion of the plant’morphological components, in the pastures vertical strata of Marandu grass, subjected to grazing at different heights. The design used was completely randomized and the analysis of variance and regression. During the experiment, the average heights of six paddocks used were 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 and 50 cm. The collected material was separated into leaf blade, green stem and dead material, which were analyzed as to the dry matter content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The vertical strata presented different compositions in relation to the morphological components according to the height of the pasture. The near-soil strata showed higher forage density with values from 370 to 543 kg/ha.cm, higher proportion of green stems (30 to 53%) and dead material (25 to 52%) and smaller number of leaf blades (10 to 35%). Regardless of the height of the pasture, the upper strata are more sensitive to the animal and the environment effects, and presented higher levels of CP and NDF for leaf blades and stems. In the strata above 15 cm, the values of PB and NDF of the green leaf blades varied between 10.3 and 13.6% and 49.3 and 54.2%, respectively. The management of different heights change the characteristics of the pasturevertical strata, mainly in the strata above 15 cm. Keywords: Height of the Pasture. Forage Density. Green Stems. Dead Material. Leaf Laminas.

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Relação entre a presença de cupinzeiros e a degradação de pastagens

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2011001200016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 1699-1706 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sandra Santana de Lima ◽

Bruno José Rodrigues Alves ◽

Adriana Maria de Aquino ◽

Fábio Martins Mercante ◽

Érika Flávia Machado Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar indicadores químicos, físicos e biológicos da degradação de pastagens em áreas contrastantes quanto à ocorrência de cupinzeiros. Foram avaliadas as áreas de pastagem com a cultivar Marandu de Urochloa brizantha (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha), quanto à ausência (pasto 1) ou à presença (pasto 2) de cupinzeiros, e área com vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Foram avaliados: granulometria e fertilidade do solo; atividade microbiana do solo; nitrogênio potencialmente mineralizável; produção da gramínea em oferta; liteira existente e depositada no período de 28 dias; e fração leve da matéria orgânica do solo. No pasto 2, os cupinzeiros foram contados e 20 ninhos foram sorteados para coleta e identificação de cupins. Cornitermes cumulans foi a única espécie coletada, com média de 128 ninhos por hectare, tendo ocupado 0,1% da área útil. Entre os indicadores avaliados, apenas a oferta e a liteira diferiram entre as áreas de pastagens. A maior densidade de cupinzeiros não pode ser relacionada à acidez do solo ou aos outros parâmetros avaliados. A presença de cupinzeiros não é indicador de degradação química e biológica da pastagem e não está associada à alteração na dinâmica de resíduos da parte aérea de capim-marandu.

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Ingestive behavior of sheep on Massai grass under different pre-grazing heights under rotational stocking

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200152019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Rebeca Rocha CARDOSO ◽

Luciano Fernandes de SOUSA ◽

Ana Cristina Holanda FERREIRA ◽

José Neuman Miranda NEIVA ◽

Deborah Alves FERREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ingestive Behavior ◽

The Other ◽

Food Bolus ◽

Initial Height ◽

Bite Rate

SUMMARY This studyaimed to assess the influence of three pre-grazing heights of Massai grass on the ingestive behavior of sheep under rotational stocking. Eighteen Dorper x nondescript crossbred sheep were used under rotational stocking on Massai grass at pre-grazing heights. The animal stocking was estimated to ensure a reduction of approximately 50% of the initial height. Behavior assessments were performed from 6 to 18 h at the entrance and exit of animals from paddocks. The longest activity was grazing, followed by rumination and other activities, and the period from 6 to 10 h showed the longest grazing.In the other periods, the animals in the 35-cm treatment grazed less when compared to those ofthe other treatments. Rumination in all treatments was more significant in the period from 14 to 18 h, but the animals in the 45-cm treatment spent more time doing this activity, which gave them a higher time of rumination of the food bolus, as well as ruminating chews. The bite rate was higher for the 25-cm treatment, followed by the 45 and 35-cm treatments, respectively.

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ÍNDICE DE HORIZONTALIDADE E REMOÇÃO DE TECIDOS DO CAPIM-MARANDÚ

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1089-6891v18e-43267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Abreu de Sá Medica ◽

Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽

Natani Silva Reis ◽

Natascha Almeida Marques da Silva ◽

Julio Gomes Ferreira Neto

Keyword(s):

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Resumo É possível que a maior disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo promova modificação mais acentuada da forma de crescimento da planta forrageira sob alta frequência de desfolhação. Para testar essa hipótese, caracterizaram-se as modificações na forma de crescimento da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (capim-marandu) submetida aos intervalos de corte e à adubação, bem como avaliou-se o efeito dessas modificações sobre as forragens removida e remanescente do corte. O trabalho foi realizado em dois períodos experimentais. Em cada período, experimentos independentes, porém com natureza semelhante, foram realizados. No Experimento 1, de outubro de 2013 até fevereiro de 2014, o capim-marandu foi adubado com 70 kg.ha-1 de N e 50 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 e foram avaliados intervalos de corte (sete, 14, 28, 56 e 112 dias), em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No Experimento 2, de novembro de 2014 até março de 2015, além dos mesmos intervalos de corte avaliados no Experimento 1, também foram estudadas duas condições de adubação, sendo uma baixa (50 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 e de 75 kg.ha-1 de N) e outra alta (100 kg.ha-1 de P2O5 e 300 kg.ha-1 de N). No Experimento 2, utilizou-se o esquema fatorial, com dois níveis de adubação e cinco níveis de intervalos de corte, e o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No Experimento 1, os maiores índices de horizontalidade (IH) ocorreram (p<0,05) nas plantas sob intervalos de corte de sete, 14 e 28 dias, em relação às plantas cortadas a cada 56 e 112 dias. No Experimento 2, apenas a planta cortada a cada sete dias apresentou (p<0,05) aumento do IH (de 1,3 para 1,5) com a melhoria da alta condição de adubação. A massa de forragem remanescente aumentou (p<0,05) com o intervalo de corte, de 412 para 483 g.m-2 e de 412 para 571 g.m-2 nos Experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente. No Experimento 2, ocorreu aumento (p<0,05) da massa de forragem remanescente (de 447 para 505 g.m-2) e da percentagem de colmo vivo (de 23 para 33%) com a adubação em todos os intervalos de corte. Em ambos os experimentos, os maiores intervalos de corte incrementaram (p<0,05) a massa de forragem removida (de 95 para 840 g.m-2 e de 44,8 para 843 g.m-2 nos experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente) e o índice de área foliar (IAF) removido (de 1,0 para 4,3 e de 0,4 para 3,9 nos experimentos 1 e 2, respectivamente). No Experimento 2, a melhoria da condição de adubação resultou em aumento (p<0,05) da massa de forragem removida (de 261,3 para 391,8 g.m-2) e do IAF removido (de 1,6 para 2,1). No Experimento 2, quando a condição de adubação foi alta, houve (p<0,05) menor percentagem de folha viva removida nos dosséis sob cortes intermediários (28 e 56 dias). Quando a desfolhação é muito frequente, a maior disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo contribui para que o capim-marandu modifique sua forma de crescimento de ereta para prostrada, em comparação à condição de menor disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. O aumento do intervalo de corte e a adubação incrementam a remoção da forragem do capim-marandu.

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Frequência de suplementação proteico-energética sobre o desempenho e comportamento ingestivo de bezerros Nelore mantidos em pastagem tropical na estação seca

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2555

Author(s):

Gumercindo Loriano Franco ◽

Marcelo Vedovatto ◽

Marcella Cândia D'Oliveira ◽

Ibrahim Miranda Cortada Neto ◽

Maria Da Graça Morais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight

With the objective to evaluate different frequencies of supplementation on the performance and ingestive behavior of Nellore calves kept on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pasture, 56 animals with initial average body weight (BW) of 174.5 kg were submitted to the following treatments: no supplement and 1x, 3x, and 7x supplementation per week. The supplement was provided in the amount of 3.5 g kg-1 of BW day-1. BW and evaluation of behavior were assessed every 28 days. The randomized block's design with two repetitions was used. The analyses of variance were carried out by the GLM procedure in the SAS software, and the means were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% significance. The supplementation increased the average daily gain (ADG; P ? 0.05); however, it did not differ between frequencies (0.005, 0.190, 0.183, and 0.177 kg head-1 day for the no supplement treatment and 1x, 3x, and 7x per week, respectively). The animals in the no supplement treatment showed longer grazing time (P ? 0.05) compared to those receiving the supplement. However, results did not differ between frequencies (10.44, 8.57, 8.32, and 8.59 hours day-1 for no supplement treatments and 1x, 3x, and 7x per week, respectively). Thus, the frequency of supplementation can be reduced to once a week without reducing animal performance.

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Canopy structure, ingestive behavior and displacement patterns of beef heifers grazing warm-season pastures

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8230 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 457-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C.L. Glienke ◽

M.G. Rocha ◽

L. Pötter ◽

D. Roso ◽

D.B. Montagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Canopy Structure ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Displacement Rate ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Beef Heifers ◽

Data Set ◽

Bite Rate

Analyses in a data set of six experiments (n=436) was performed with the aim of characterizing canopy structure and forage intake patterns of beef heifers grazing on Pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) and Coastcross (Cynodon dactylon). Forage and leaf lamina mass were similar among species, 3001.4 and 668.1kg of DM/ha, respectively, while leaf:stem ratio of canopy vertical strata was different. Intake rate (12g DM/minute), bite mass (0.343g DM/bite) and bite rate (36.6bites per minute) were similar in Pearl millet and Alexandergrass. In Pearl millet, neutral detergent fiber content (56.1%) in forage as grazed, grazing time (518.9 minutes/day) and displacement rate (8.8 steps/minute) were lower. Increased grazing time (639 minutes/day) represented the main compensatory mechanism for smaller bite masses (0.234g DM/bite) and reduced intake rates (8.8 grams of DM/minutes) in Coastcross. Bite rate variations happened as a response to constraints imposed by canopy structure. Surface utilization on Alexandergrass and Coastcross was increased by greater number of feeding stations visited and displacement rate. Ingestive behavior components of beef heifers are affected by differences in the canopy structure of Pearl millet, Alexandergrass and Coastcross.

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