scholarly journals Caracterização dos Estratos Verticais de Pastagens Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Manejadas em Diferentes Alturas

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-15
Author(s):  
Rafaela Machado dos Santos ◽  
José Victor Pronievks Barreto ◽  
Mateus Ludovico Zamboti ◽  
Camila Cano Serafim ◽  
Kivia Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

A estrutura da pastagem é uma característica determinante tanto da dinâmica de crescimento da planta quanto do comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O objetivo do trabalho foi descrever a densidade da forragem e a proporção dos componentes morfológicos da planta, nos estratos verticais de pastagens de capim Marandu, submetido ao pastejo em diferentes alturas. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e as análises de variância e de regressão. Durante o experimento, as alturas médias dos seis piquetes utilizados foram de 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 e 50 cm. O material coletado foi separado, em lâmina foliar, colmo verde e material morto, que foram analisados quanto ao teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro. Os estratos verticais apresentaram diferentes composições em relação aos componentes morfológicos de acordo com a altura do pasto. Os estratos próximos ao solo apresentaram maior densidade de forragem com valores de 370 a 543 kg/ha.cm, maior proporção de colmos verdes (30 a 53%) e material morto (25 a 52%) e menor de lâminas foliares (10 a 35%). Independente da altura do pasto, os estratos superiores são mais sensíveis aos efeitos do animal e do ambiente, e apresentaram maiores teores de PB e FDN para lâminas foliares e colmos. Nos estratos acima de 15 cm, os valores de PB e FDN das lâminas foliares verdes variaram entre 10,3 e 13,6% e 49,3 e 54,2%, respectivamente. O manejo em diferentes alturas altera as características dos estratos verticais do pasto, principalmente, nos estratos acima de 15 cm.   Palavras-chave: Altura do Pasto. Densidade Forrageira. Colmos Verdes. Material Morto. Lâmina Foliar.   Abstract The pasture structure is a determining characteristic of both the plant growth dynamics and the animals ingestive behavior. The objective of the work was to describe the density and the proportion of the plant’morphological components, in the pastures vertical strata of Marandu grass, subjected to grazing at different heights. The design used was completely randomized and the analysis of variance and regression.  During the experiment, the average heights of  six paddocks used were 10, 17, 18, 29, 32 and 50 cm. The collected material was separated into leaf blade, green stem and dead material, which were analyzed as to the dry matter content, crude protein and fiber in neutral detergent. The vertical strata presented different compositions in relation to the morphological components according to the height of the pasture.  The near-soil strata showed higher forage density with values from 370 to 543 kg/ha.cm, higher proportion of green stems (30 to 53%) and dead material (25 to 52%) and smaller number of leaf blades (10 to 35%). Regardless of the height of the pasture, the upper strata are more sensitive to the animal and the environment effects, and presented higher levels of CP and NDF for leaf blades and stems.  In the strata above 15 cm, the values of PB and NDF of the green leaf blades varied between 10.3 and 13.6% and 49.3 and 54.2%, respectively. The management of different heights change the characteristics of the pasturevertical strata, mainly in the strata above 15 cm.   Keywords: Height of the Pasture. Forage Density. Green Stems. Dead Material. Leaf Laminas.  

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GRAIN-HAYLAGE FROM LUPIN, OAT AND SUDAN GRASS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Valentina Ruckaya ◽  
Alexander Sorokin ◽  
Elena Afonina ◽  
Natal'ya ZAYCEVA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Sowing Period

The average data for 2018–2019 are presented for yield, dry matter content in grain-haylage mass, nutritional value of test grain-haylage samples produced from plant mass of white lupin, oat and Sudan grass from single and mixed cenosis of different sowing times. The grain-haylage mass was harvested in the phase of brilliantly ripening lupin bean, milky-waxy ripeness of oats and the end of flowering of the Sudan grass. It’s revealed that variants of the second sowing date — 2 decade of May — have the best yield of grain-haylage mass and its dry matter content. The yield of grain-haylage mass in the best variants of the second sowing period exceeded by 7–8 t/ha. According to the nutritional value of grain silage samples (the content of metabolic energy, crude protein, crude ash and carotene), the best results were obtained in most variants of the first sowing period. In content of the metabolic energy and crude protein of 1 kg of dry matter of grain-haylage, the best were variants of the single-species cenosis of lupine and its mixture with oats of the first sowing period. Variants of single-species sowing of lupine and Sudan grass were distinguished by the content of carotene.

Further studies on the fattening value of grass silage and on the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Weight Gains

1. A feeding trial is described including four groups of cattle fed on silage only, two mixtures of silage and roots, and roots, straw, hay and oats.2. The live-weight gains made are recorded together with the rate of dry-matter intake.3. The efficiency of the dry matter of the diets was calculated.4. Silage fed alone produced a significantly greater rate of fattening than the other three diets.5. Cattle receiving roots in the morning and silage at night consumed 10·78% more dry matter and made greater live-weight gains than cattle fed on silage in the morning and roots at night.6. Calculation of the starch values of the roots and silage showed that these are higher when fed together than when silage is fed alone or when roots are fed with straw, hay and oats.7. An experiment is described designed to determine the effect of the dry-matter percentage of the diet on dry-matter intake in ruminants and of sudden changes in dry-matter content on digestibility.8. Sheep receiving 19·46% dry-matter silage consumed 16·7% more dry matter and 19·8% more starch equivalent than sheep eating 15·85% dry-matter silage.9. When the dry-matter percentage of the silage fell from 19·46 to 15·77 the digestibility of the dry matter fell by over 10%.10. The starch equivalent of the silage when fed alone was determined from the results of a digestibility trial and according to the performance of the cattle in the feeding trial. The values found were 65·88 and 66·15% respectively.11. The losses suffered in silage-making in twentyfive silos are recorded and discussed. The loss of dry matter and crude protein both average approximately 40% of that ensiled. The need for finding methods of reducing these losses is again stressed.

The effects of undecorticated cotton cake added to a grass diet fed to sheep

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Dodsworth ◽  
C. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Total Digestible Nutrient

Results are given from two digestibility trials in which the following three diets were fed to sheep: (i) grass only, (ii) grass+5 oz. cotton cake daily, (iii) grass+10 oz. cotton cake daily.In the first trial the average dry-matter content of the grass was low (approx. 14%), intake was low and the supplements were eaten in addition to the grass. In the second trial where the dry-matter content (approx. 20%) of the grass and the intake were higher, the cake supplements reduced herbage consumption.The feeding of cake did not have any significant effect on the dry-matter percentage in the faeces but depressed the digestibility of the dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract in the diets including cake and reduced their starch equivalent and total digestible nutrient values.No evidence was found to support the recommendation that undecorti-cated cotton cake should be fed to grazing animals.

A SURVEY OF COMPOSITION AND HEAT DAMAGE IN DEHYDRATED ALFALFA PRODUCTS OVER THE GROWING SEASON FROM TWO B.C. PROCESSING PLANTS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. SHELFORD ◽  
E. B. CATHCART ◽  
R. T. FRANCE ◽  
J. L. DOBB
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Main Factor

Samples of forages were collected throughout the growing season from two dehydrating plants at three different stages of processing: prior to drying, after drying and after pelleting. Samples were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, fibre, nitrogen content of the acid detergent fibre and pepsin insoluble nitrogen. On the average the amount of heat damage present in the dehydrated samples was quite low (6.11 ADIN % N). There was significantly more heat damage in the samples from the Creston plant. The dry matter content of the material leaving the drier appears to be the main factor related to elevated heat damage.

scholarly journals Nutritional Qualities of Ginger Mutant Lines Grown in the Humid Tropical Agroecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. N. Abua ◽  
M. A. Ittah ◽  
E. E. Obok ◽  
G. A. Iwo ◽  
R. E. Edugbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
Mutant Lines

The present study was aimed to determine the variations in nutritional qualities of 15 mutant lines and two landraces of ginger (Zingiber officinale). Fifteen (15) gamma (γ)-ray induced mutants lines and two landraces of ginger were planted in 2017 early cropping season in the Teaching and Research Farm, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. To evaluate the nutritional qualities of these seventeen ginger genotypes at maturity, proximate analysis was carried out in the Biochemistry Laboratory of the National Root Crop Research Institute Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria. Using standard and official protocols of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Results showed that the ginger lines varied significantly (P < 0.01) in all their proximate attributes. The moisture content ranged from 10.13% (UG1) to 12.95% (UG2). Mean dry matter was 88.89%; UG1 and UG2 had the highest (89.89%) and lowest (87.05%) dry matter content, respectively. Mean crude protein was 7.74%; UG2-9-01 and UG2-11-03 had the highest (8.25%) and lowest (7.29%) crude protein respectively. UG1-5-38 and UG1-5-22 had the highest (8.12%) and lowest (6.41%) crude fibre content respectively. The oleoresin content ranged from (6.25%) in UG2-9-01 to (9.09%) in UG1-11-07. UG1-5-04 and UG1-5-22 had the highest (2.88%) and lowest (2.22%) ash content respectively. UG2-9-01 had the highest carbohydrate content of (65.10%). While UG1-5-52 had the lowest (61.27%) The result showed that the ginger lines used in this study had high mean carbohydrate (62.85%) and protein (7.74%) contents as such can be used as supplementary sources of these nutrients for human and livestock. UG1-7-24, UG1-11-07 and UG1-5-18 with high oleoresin contents of 9.11%, 9.09% and 9.05% respectively are recommended to ginger breeders as useful genotypes for improving other ginger lines through micropropagation techniques especially when breeding for oleoresin quality, which is an important quality of ginger. In conclusion, further evaluation and testing of these ginger lines is recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas dan Karakteristik Fermentasi Silase Kombinasi Stay Green Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) – Indigofera zolingeriana dengan Perberbedaan Komposisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Widhi Kurniawan ◽  
Teguh Wahyono ◽  
Natsir Sandiah ◽  
Hamdan Has ◽  
La Ode Nafiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Made In

 ABSTRAK Ketersediaan hijauan pakan ternak haruslah memenuhi aspek kuantitas, kualitas dan kontinyuitas. Teknologi pengawetan pakan dengan membuat silase berbahan tanaman pakan yang sesuai diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pakan tersebut. Sorgum memiliki potensi sebagai bahan silase yang baik namun perlu ditingkatkan kualitasnya dengan menambahkan hijauan yang tinggi kandungan protein kasarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas dan karakteristik fermentasi silase kombinasi sorgum dan leguminosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan Stay green dan Indigofera zolingeriana (100:0, 60:40, 50:50, dan 40:60%) sebagai bahan silase untuk dievaluasi pH, kandungan bahan kering (BK), bahan organik(BO), protein kasar (PK) dan Nilai Fleigh. Silase dibuat dalam silo ukuran 1 liter yang difermentasi selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya persentase Indigofera zolingerianadalam silase meningkatkan pH silase, BK, dan PK silase. Peningkatan pH tersebut berakibat pada terjadinya proteolisis pada PK silase. Penggunaan Indigofera zolingeriana dalam silase kombinasi dengan sorgum Stay green pada persentase 40% masih memungkinkan untuk memperoleh silase kombinasi yang berkualitas baik (Nilai Fleigh 70,13) dan kandungan protein kasar mencapai 15,68%. Kualitas tersebut selanjutnya akan menurun apabila persentase Indigofera zolingeriana dinaikkan walaupun kandungan protein kasar meningkat.Kata Kunci: Silase, Kombinasi, Kualitas, Evaluasi, Nilai Fleigh.ABSTRACTFeed availability has to meet quantity, quality and continuity aspect. Feed preservation technology by making silage from suitable forage plants is expected to meet these needs. Sorghum has the potential as a good silage material but needs to be improved in quality by adding other forage which have high crude protein content. This study was aimed to evaluate the quality and characteristics fermentation of sorghum and legumecombination silage. This research was conducted by combining Stay greensorghum and Indigofera zolingeriana (100: 0, 60:40, 50:50, and 40: 60% combination) as silage material to be evaluated for pH, dry matter content (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and Fleighpoint. Silage was made in 1 liter size silos which are fermented for 21 days. The results showed that the increasing percentage of Indigofera zolingeriana in silage could increase silage, pH, DM, and CP silage. The increase in pH resulted in proteolysis of silage protein. The added of Indigofera zolingeriana in silage combination at 40% was still possible to obtain good quality silage (Fleighpoint 70.13) and reaching 15.68% of silage CP content. The silage quality was decrease if the percentage of Indigofera zolingeriana increased, even though the silage CP content could increasesafterward.Keywords: Silage, Combination, Quality, Evaluation, Fleigh point

scholarly journals Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-860
Author(s):  
Maria Helena de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Livestock System

The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.

scholarly journals Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Gülcan Demi̇roğlu Topçu ◽  
Şükrü Sezgi̇ Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Maize is an ideal forage crop for ensilage because of its high levels of fermentable carbohydrates, although it is low in protein. Sunn hemp is a legume with a high crude protein content with potential to be used in combination with maize to provide a silage with a higher protein content. Different percentages of sunn hemp-maize mixtures of 80-20, 60-40, 40-60 and 20-80 respectively were compared to silages of sole maize and sunn hemp. In the laboratory study, DLG classifications (color, smell, structure, total score and quality class), silage loss (%), silage pH, dry matter content, flieg score, crude protein content, crude ash content, NDF, ADF, metabolic energy (MJ kg-1 DM), dry matter intake, percent digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 60 days ensilage. The crude protein contents of silages increased as the sunn hemp ratio in the mixtures increased. In addition, pure sunn hemp silage and mixtures, especially 80% sunn hemp mixed with 20% maize, were found suitable for silage and it was concluded that sunn hemp and sunn hemp-maize silage mixtures could be used in animal husbandry.

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