scholarly journals Morphogenesis of stockpiled Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
I.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
G.O. Rocha ◽  
G.S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Appearance

ABSTRACT The objective this study was to identify differences in the morphogenic patterns of four Urochloa brizantha cultivars (marandu, piatã, xaraés and paiaguás grasses) during the stockpiling period. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, in experimental plots of 9m². The evaluations took place over 2 years. The grasses were stockpiled for 92 (Year 1) and 95 (Year 2) days. The leaf appearance rate of paiaguás grass was higher, compared to other grasses. In Year 1, the stem elongation rate of xaraés grass was higher than other grasses. At the end of stockpiling period of Year 1, the tiller population density (TPD) was higher in the paiaguás grass, intermediate in the xaraés and marandu grasses and lower in the piatã grass. At the end of the stockpiling period in Year 2, TPD was higher in the paiaguás grass canopy, intermediate in the marandu and piatã grasses canopies, and lower in the xaraés grass canopy. Paiaguás grass has greater leaf growth during the stockpiling period and is therefore suitable for use under stockpiled grazing. Xaraés grass has high stem elongation during the stockpiling period, which is why its use under stockpiled grazing must be accompanied by adjustments in pasture management.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of clones of elephant grass managed under intermittent stocking

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Priscila Beligoli Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Carlos Augusto De Miranda Gomide ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers of two dwarf elephant grass clones (BRS Kurumi and CNPGL 00-1-3) managed under intermittent stocking in six grazing cycles. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications (paddocks) in split-split-plot arrangements was used. The clones were allocated to the plots, tiller classes were assigned to the subplots and grazing cycles to sub subplots. Higher values for basal tillers than aerial tillers were seen for the following characteristics: leaf elongation rate (12.8 and 5.1 cm/tiller/day), leaf appearance rate (0.26 and 0.19 leaves/tiller/day), stem elongation rate (0.38 and 0.16 cm/tiller/day), senescence rate (0.98 and 0.47 cm/tiller/day), total number of leaves (9.3 and 7.1 leaves/ tiller), number of live leaves (7.7 and 5.8 leaves/tiller) and final length of leaf blades (33.5 and 20.0 cm). Phyllochron was lower for basal (4.0 days/leaf) than aerial tillers (5.5 days/leaf). The leaf life span increased with the advance of the grazing cycles, averaging 31.2 days. The tiller density increased with the advance of the grazing cycles showing an average increase of 167% of aerial tillers and 62% of basal tillers for both clones. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of dwarf clones were influenced jointly by the clones and the availability of the environmental factors of growth during the spring and summer. The high leaf elongation rates, associated with high leaf appearance rate, reveal the potential of high production dry matter of leaves and restoration of leaf area after grazing.

scholarly journals Morphogenic and structural characteristics of Panicum cultivars during the establishment period in the Brazilian Northeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50984
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of six Panicum maximum cultivars during the establishment period. A completely randomized block design with four replicates and six treatments (Tamani, Mombaça, Massai, Tanzania, Aruana and Zuri cultivars) was used. Morphogenic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate), structural (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller) and productive (forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) characteristics were evaluated. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between the cultivars in terms of the number of live leaves per tiller (2.95 leaves/tiller). Mombaça cultivar had (p < 0.05) higher canopy height (50.64 cm) compared with other cultivars. The highest (p < 0.05) tiller population density was observed in Tamani (235.90 tillers m-2) and Massai (201.60 tillers m-2) cultivars. Leaf lifespan (54.18 days), phyllochron (17.40 days/leaf) and leaf senescence rate (0.87 cm tiller day-1) were not different (p > 0.05) between cultivars. However, leaf appearance rate was higher (p < 0.05) in Tanzania (0.07 leaves tiller day-1) than in Aruana cultivar (0.05 leaves tiller day-1). Leaf blade mass was higher (p < 0.05) in Mombaça cultivar (1518.31 kg DM ha-1), whereas Massai showed higher (p < 0.05) leaf:stem ratio (9.25). Panicum cultivars Tamani, Tanzania and Massai establishment after 75 days, while the other cultivars establish at 105 days of sowing in the Brazilian Northeast.

scholarly journals MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA GRASS PASTURES UNDER ROTATIONAL STOCKING STRATEGIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON DE MOURA ZANINE ◽  
DOMICIO NASCIMENTO ◽  
WILTON LADEIRA DA SILVA ◽  
BRAULIO MAIA DE LANA SOUSA ◽  
DANIELE DE JESUS FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Lower Stem

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Guinea grass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), during the rainy season and dry year. The leaf appearance rate varied only in the summer, the grazing pastures managed at 90/50 (light interception/post-grazing height) presented higher values in the leaf appearance rate (0.440 leaf/tiller.day), compared with those managed at 90/30 (0.275 leaf/tiller.day) and 95/50 (0.228 leaf/tiller.day), respectively. In the winter/beginning of the spring, pastures managed at 90/30 (0.03 cm/tiller.day) presented lower stem elongation rate in comparison with those managed at 90/50 (0.19 cm/tiller.day) and 95/30 (0.16 cm/tiller.day). Management strategies do not compromise the tissue flow in tillers and, consequently, can be utilized for the management of Guinea grass.

scholarly journals The growth dynamics in Brachiaria species according to nitrogen dose and shade

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Priscila Beligoli Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽  
Carlos Renato Tavares de Castro ◽  
Fausto de Souza Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

It was studied the effects of shading (0, 36 and 54%) and of four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg N/dm³ of soil) on the morphogenetic traits and on the tillering of grasses of Brachiaria genus (B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and B. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Xaraes), cultivated in pots with 5 kg substrate. It was used a complete random design, in a 3 × 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. Nitrogen promoted increase in leaf appearance rate and in average leaf blade length, whereas shading increased stem elongation rate. Leaf elongation rate and tillering varied with the interaction among shading percentages and nitrogen doses. Shading increased response efficiency of leaf elongation rate to nitrogen doses, but reduced for tillering, evidencing priority existing tillering growth in detriment to appearance of new tillers when there is light restriction for the plants. Phenotypic adjustments, in response to light reduction, indicate that the studied grasses present tolerance to moderate shading.

scholarly journals Effects of stubble height and season of the year on morphogenetic, structural and quantitative traits of Tanzania grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Nauara Moura Lage Filho ◽  
Aline Da Rosa Lopes ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho Do Rêgo ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth period (RP), morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics of the guinea grass cultivar Tanzania [Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum)] under different stubble heights (SH) during dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the eastern Amazon region. The treatments were: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm SH, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. In the 2 seasons, RP decreased linearly with increase in SH, and was considerably shorter in the RS (47 d). Leaf appearance rate decreased linearly from 0.071 to 0.051 leaves/tiller/d with increasing SH, and it was higher during the RS. Increase in SH increased leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate and leaf area index. In the RS, climatic conditions favored the morphogenesis, resulting in higher herbage accumulation (8,693 kg DM/ha) than in the DS (2,597 kg DM/ha). In associating seasons with SH, we recommend that Tanzania grass be managed at SH between 35 and 45 cm in the DS, resulting in RP from 61 to 64 days, and at SH of 35 cm in the RS, resulting in RP of 41 days. Studies to test this management strategy seem warranted.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic characteristics of three Brachiaria brizantha cultivars submitted to nitrogen fertilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos F Silva ◽  
Edson M. V Porto ◽  
Dorismar D Alves ◽  
Cláudio M.T Vitor ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aims to evaluate the morphogenetic characteristics of three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha subjected to nitrogen fertilization. The design was a randomized block in factorial arrangement 4x3; three cultivars of B. brizantha - Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés and four nitrogen levels - 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha, with three replications. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots filled with 5 dm3 of soil. Thereupon the establishment fertilization, varieties were sowed directly in the pots, leaving, after thinning, five plants per pot. Forty-five days after planting, it was done a standardization cut at 10 cm tall. Nitrogen levels were distributed according to the treatments, divided in three applications. The morphogenetic characteristics were evaluated in three tillers per sampling unit and data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. For all evaluated characteristics there was no interaction between factors cultivar and nitrogen levels, verifying only the effects of nitrogen on the variables leaf appearance rate and phyllochron. The dose 240 kg/ha of N corresponds to the greater leaf appearance rate. Cultivar Marandu shows the higher leaf blade: pseudostem and ratio of leaf elongation rate and elongation pseudostem, which favors higher forage quality.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and forage accumulation of Urochloa ruziziensis under nitrogen and potassium fertilization management

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1605
Author(s):  
Karla Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Flavio Henrique Vidal Azevedo ◽  
Fabio Prudêncio de Campos ◽  
Aline Barros da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Appearance Rate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the morphogenetic and structural characteristics and production of Urochloa ruziziensis in two summer seasons (summer 1, 2010–2011and summer 2, 2011–2012) and the autumn and spring of 2011. A randomized complete block design with four treatments (0, 120, 240, and 360 kg ha-1 year-1 of N and K2O) and five replications was used, with repeated measurements in each season, in a split plot arrangement. The treatments were allocated to the plots and the seasons of the year to the subplots. The phyllochron (PHY),leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), tiller population density (TPD), tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), leaf growth rate (LGR), stem growth rate (SGR), senescence rate (SR), forage accumulation rate (FAR), and leaf accumulation rate (LAR) of Urochloa ruziziensis were evaluated. There was a positive quadratic effect for the PHY and ELR, with maximum values of 4.3 days leaf-1 and 0.43 cm tiller-1 day-1, respectively. While the SER increased linearly (0.0012 cm day-1 kg-1 of N and K2O) during summer 2. The TPD, TAR, and TMR increased linearly (averages of 1.53 tillers m-2, 0.04% and 0.02% per kg of N and K2O, respectively) with nitrogen and potassium fertilization during spring and both summer seasons. The LGR, SGR, and SR also increased linearly with N and K2O application rates during summer 2 (0.2809, 0.0082, and 0.0411 kg DM ha-1 day-1, per kg of N and K2O, respectively), while the FAR and LAR increased in a quadratic positive form (maximum values of 175 and 129 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, corresponding to 294 and 237 kg ha-1 of N and K2O, respectively) during summer 2. Urochloa ruziziensis is a forage plant with a high DM production capacity during the summer and a high seasonal forage production.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of marandu palisade grass closer to or farther from cattle feces varies by season

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Mendonça de Carvalho ◽  
Manoel Eduardo Rozalino Santos ◽  
Bruno Humberto Rezende Carvalho ◽  
Camilla Rodrigues de Almeida Carvalho ◽  
João Paulo Franco da Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu during the different seasons of the year, in locations closer to or farther from feces deposited by cattle in pastures. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replicates. The following response-variables were calculated: phyllochron (PHYL), leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), life span of the leaf (LSL), stem length (SL), leaf blade length (LBL), number of dead leaves per tiller (NDLT), and number of living leaves per tiller (NLLT). Farther from the feces, a larger phyllochron period was observed in all seasons. The LSL was greater in winter, especially farther from feces. Closer to feces, higher values were observed for LAR, LER and LBL compared with the sites farther from feces. The SL, SER, and NLLT were lower in the winter compared with the other seasons. In the summer, a greater NDLT value was observed than in the other seasons. The deposition of feces by cattle and the seasons of the year both affect the morphogenesis of B. brizantha cv. Marandu, generating the observed spatial and temporal variability in pasture grass.

The effect of photoperiod and temperature on the first crop and ratoon growth of Pennisetum purpureum Schum

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 941 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferraris
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) was grown in phytotron cabinets for 60 days at 30/25° or 21/16°C (daylnight) in either 8 or 16 hr photoperiods. During the juvenile phase the higher temperature increased the leaf appearance rate, tillering rate and main stem elongation rate. Once plants in the 8 hr photoperiod became reproductive, the stem elongation, tillering rate and leaf appearance rate increased. The higher temperature continued to stimulate development. At harvest at 60 days plants grown at 30/25° had higher leaf, stem and total dry matter yields, a greater leaf area but lower carbohydrate content in the stubble. The 16 hr photoperiod produced higher dry matter yields at harvest than the 8 hr photoperiod. A comparison pot experiment grown in short day and long day photoperiods under field conditions in north Queensland produced similar findings to the phytotron experiment. After harvest, stubbles were ratooned into either short day (8 hr) or long day (16 hr) photoperiods, the temperature difference being maintained. Leaf number per main stem and main stem elongation were similar to those of the first crop, but more tillers and higher yields were produced in the ratoon crop. Temperature and photoperiod effects were similar in both crops. It was concluded that low temperatures rather than reduced photoperiod would be the greatest limitation to the adaptation of the species as an industrial or forage crop where yearround production is required.

scholarly journals Establishment of Brachiaria cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51802
Author(s):  
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed was the establishment of the genus Brachiaria in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted from April to June 2016, as a randomized-block experimental design with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented by five Brachiaria cultivars, namely, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Morphogenetic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate) and structural characteristics (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller, forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) of the forage cultivars were evaluated. Canopy height fitted a linear regression model (P<0,05), with estimated daily increases of 0.50, 0.53, 0.53, 0.54 and 0.56 cm for cvs Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés, respectively. The number of live leaves in cvs Basilisk and Paiaguás increased linearly (p < 0.05), by 4.3 and 2.8 leaves per tiller, respectively, during the 60-day period. The recommended height at which the growth of Brachiaria cultivars should be interrupted is upon reaching 25 to 35 cm. In the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, the Brachiaria cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés are established at 75 days after sowing, which is the recommended time for performing the first harvest or lenient grazing to stimulate tillering.

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