scholarly journals Effects of stubble height and season of the year on morphogenetic, structural and quantitative traits of Tanzania grass

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-267
Author(s):  
Nauara Moura Lage Filho ◽  
Aline Da Rosa Lopes ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho Do Rêgo ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The objective of this study was to evaluate regrowth period (RP), morphogenetic, structural and productive characteristics of the guinea grass cultivar Tanzania [Megathyrsus maximus (syn. Panicum maximum)] under different stubble heights (SH) during dry (DS) and rainy (RS) seasons in the eastern Amazon region. The treatments were: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm SH, distributed in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicates. In the 2 seasons, RP decreased linearly with increase in SH, and was considerably shorter in the RS (47 d). Leaf appearance rate decreased linearly from 0.071 to 0.051 leaves/tiller/d with increasing SH, and it was higher during the RS. Increase in SH increased leaf elongation rate, stem elongation rate and leaf area index. In the RS, climatic conditions favored the morphogenesis, resulting in higher herbage accumulation (8,693 kg DM/ha) than in the DS (2,597 kg DM/ha). In associating seasons with SH, we recommend that Tanzania grass be managed at SH between 35 and 45 cm in the DS, resulting in RP from 61 to 64 days, and at SH of 35 cm in the RS, resulting in RP of 41 days. Studies to test this management strategy seem warranted.

scholarly journals Morphogenic and structural characteristics of Panicum cultivars during the establishment period in the Brazilian Northeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50984
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

This study aimed to evaluate the morphogenic and structural characteristics of six Panicum maximum cultivars during the establishment period. A completely randomized block design with four replicates and six treatments (Tamani, Mombaça, Massai, Tanzania, Aruana and Zuri cultivars) was used. Morphogenic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate), structural (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller) and productive (forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) characteristics were evaluated. There was no difference (p > 0.05) between the cultivars in terms of the number of live leaves per tiller (2.95 leaves/tiller). Mombaça cultivar had (p < 0.05) higher canopy height (50.64 cm) compared with other cultivars. The highest (p < 0.05) tiller population density was observed in Tamani (235.90 tillers m-2) and Massai (201.60 tillers m-2) cultivars. Leaf lifespan (54.18 days), phyllochron (17.40 days/leaf) and leaf senescence rate (0.87 cm tiller day-1) were not different (p > 0.05) between cultivars. However, leaf appearance rate was higher (p < 0.05) in Tanzania (0.07 leaves tiller day-1) than in Aruana cultivar (0.05 leaves tiller day-1). Leaf blade mass was higher (p < 0.05) in Mombaça cultivar (1518.31 kg DM ha-1), whereas Massai showed higher (p < 0.05) leaf:stem ratio (9.25). Panicum cultivars Tamani, Tanzania and Massai establishment after 75 days, while the other cultivars establish at 105 days of sowing in the Brazilian Northeast.

scholarly journals MORPHOGENETIC AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUINEA GRASS PASTURES UNDER ROTATIONAL STOCKING STRATEGIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON DE MOURA ZANINE ◽  
DOMICIO NASCIMENTO ◽  
WILTON LADEIRA DA SILVA ◽  
BRAULIO MAIA DE LANA SOUSA ◽  
DANIELE DE JESUS FERREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Lower Stem

SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to evaluate morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Guinea grass pastures subjected to two grazing frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and two post-grazing heights (30 and 50 cm), during the rainy season and dry year. The leaf appearance rate varied only in the summer, the grazing pastures managed at 90/50 (light interception/post-grazing height) presented higher values in the leaf appearance rate (0.440 leaf/tiller.day), compared with those managed at 90/30 (0.275 leaf/tiller.day) and 95/50 (0.228 leaf/tiller.day), respectively. In the winter/beginning of the spring, pastures managed at 90/30 (0.03 cm/tiller.day) presented lower stem elongation rate in comparison with those managed at 90/50 (0.19 cm/tiller.day) and 95/30 (0.16 cm/tiller.day). Management strategies do not compromise the tissue flow in tillers and, consequently, can be utilized for the management of Guinea grass.

scholarly journals Effects of postgrazing residue on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pastures

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Wilton Ladeira Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Ruggieri ◽  
Ricardo Andrade Reis ◽  
Américo Garcia Silva Sobrinho ◽  
Euclides Braga Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Senescence Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

The ideal time to start grazing is when pastures reach 95% light interception. The use of residual leaf area index (rLAI) to time the interruption of grazing under intermittent grazing has recently been studied in forage species in different climatic conditions in Brazil. However, studies evaluating the formation and development of leaves and tillers through morphogenetic and structural variables in functional rLAI are still lacking for Tifton 85 pastures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying rLAI in successive grazing cycles on morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Tifton 85 pasture grazed intermittently by sheep. Morphogenetic and structural characteristics were evaluated in three grazing cycles under three rLAI conditions (0.8, 1.6, and 2.4). The regrowth interval (time taken to return to 95% light interception) of pastures increased from 21.33 to 29.66 days with decreasing rLAI. The leaf appearance rate increased at a rate of 0.02 leaves tiller-1 day-1 and the number of live leaves per tiller increased by 0.41 with decreasing rLAI. Phyllochron, leaf elongation rate, final leaf length, leaf senescence rate, and stem elongation rate decreased linearly with decreasing rLAI. The number of live leaves per tiller was lower (7.97) in the third grazing cycle, probably owing to the higher senescence rate observed that same cycle, while the other variables had higher values. The 2.4 rLAI condition promotes excessive stem elongation, reduced leaf appearance, lower number of live leaves per tiller, and increased senescence of leaves, while the 0.8 and 1.6 rLAI conditions promote desirable morphogenetic and structural characteristics, which correlate directly with forage quality. In order to avoid excessive forage losses, grazing must occur preferentially by the end of March, when climatic conditions still support the appropriate development of the plants.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and structure of mombassa grass over different growth periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Márcio Odilon Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Antonio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Marcos Odilon Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Otacilio Silveira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer doses on morphogenic and structural characteristics of mombassa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) at three different periods of the lifespan of tillers. The experiment was conducted in Araguaína-TO, Brazil, from December 2014 to February 2015. It was installed in split plots in a randomized block design with four replications. The doses of N-fertilizer (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N.ha-1) were the plots and the periods evaluated (1PER – first period from day 16 to 30; 2PER from day 31 to 45 and 3PER from day 46 to 60 after germination) were the subplots. The evaluated variables consisted of leaf appearance rate (LAR), leaf elongation rate (LER), stem elongation rate (SER), leaf senescence rate (LSR), phyllochron, tiller number, leaf emergence, and total leaf number. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to morphogenic and structural characteristics along with a regression analysis for all the variables. Overall, increasing N-fertilizer doses positively influenced the leaf appearance and leaf elongation rates, tiller density, and the number of live leaves per tiller. The 90-kg N.ha-1 dose enabled the best morphogenic and structural responses of the forage when compared to the other rates. Each period featured differently, with higher values of LSR, SER, and LER in 3PER when compared to those in 2PER and in 1PER. Therefore, the nutritional supply over the first weeks of tiller lives was defining to an increase in forage production in the remaining periods. In light of this, we observed that as LAR raise in the first days after germination, nutritional supplies are required from day 15 on, mainly nitrogen, so plants could continue their development since initial plant growth determines pasture productive vigor and longevity.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of clones of elephant grass managed under intermittent stocking

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2099
Author(s):  
Priscila Beligoli Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho ◽  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Carlos Augusto De Miranda Gomide ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

This work was carried out to evaluate the morphogenetic and structural characteristics of basal and aerial tillers of two dwarf elephant grass clones (BRS Kurumi and CNPGL 00-1-3) managed under intermittent stocking in six grazing cycles. A completely randomized experimental design with three replications (paddocks) in split-split-plot arrangements was used. The clones were allocated to the plots, tiller classes were assigned to the subplots and grazing cycles to sub subplots. Higher values for basal tillers than aerial tillers were seen for the following characteristics: leaf elongation rate (12.8 and 5.1 cm/tiller/day), leaf appearance rate (0.26 and 0.19 leaves/tiller/day), stem elongation rate (0.38 and 0.16 cm/tiller/day), senescence rate (0.98 and 0.47 cm/tiller/day), total number of leaves (9.3 and 7.1 leaves/ tiller), number of live leaves (7.7 and 5.8 leaves/tiller) and final length of leaf blades (33.5 and 20.0 cm). Phyllochron was lower for basal (4.0 days/leaf) than aerial tillers (5.5 days/leaf). The leaf life span increased with the advance of the grazing cycles, averaging 31.2 days. The tiller density increased with the advance of the grazing cycles showing an average increase of 167% of aerial tillers and 62% of basal tillers for both clones. The morphogenetic and structural characteristics of dwarf clones were influenced jointly by the clones and the availability of the environmental factors of growth during the spring and summer. The high leaf elongation rates, associated with high leaf appearance rate, reveal the potential of high production dry matter of leaves and restoration of leaf area after grazing.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOMBASSA GRASS GROWN IN FULL SUN AND SHADE UNDER NITROGEN LEVELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Tiago Barbalho André ◽  
Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de Oliveira ◽  
Antonio Clementino dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Sun And Shade

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects promoted by full sun and natural shading (25%) enviroemnts , under the productive components of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grown in diferent levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 100 kg ha-1 cycle-1 ). Urea was used as nitrogen source, applied on the surface. This study evaluated the following variables: number of total leaves (NTL), number of green leaves (NGL), number of dead leaves (NDL), leaf lifespan (LLS), sheath length (SL), stem elongation rate (SER), Phyllochron (PHYL), leaf appearance rate (LApR), leaf elongation rate (LElR), leaf senescence rate (LSR), average length of leaf blade (ALLB), leaf area index (LAI) and tiller population density (TPP). The shaded environment provided better conditions for sheath length and leaf elongation rate, however in full sun the tiller density was higher.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of stockpiled Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
I.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
G.O. Rocha ◽  
G.S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Appearance

ABSTRACT The objective this study was to identify differences in the morphogenic patterns of four Urochloa brizantha cultivars (marandu, piatã, xaraés and paiaguás grasses) during the stockpiling period. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, in experimental plots of 9m². The evaluations took place over 2 years. The grasses were stockpiled for 92 (Year 1) and 95 (Year 2) days. The leaf appearance rate of paiaguás grass was higher, compared to other grasses. In Year 1, the stem elongation rate of xaraés grass was higher than other grasses. At the end of stockpiling period of Year 1, the tiller population density (TPD) was higher in the paiaguás grass, intermediate in the xaraés and marandu grasses and lower in the piatã grass. At the end of the stockpiling period in Year 2, TPD was higher in the paiaguás grass canopy, intermediate in the marandu and piatã grasses canopies, and lower in the xaraés grass canopy. Paiaguás grass has greater leaf growth during the stockpiling period and is therefore suitable for use under stockpiled grazing. Xaraés grass has high stem elongation during the stockpiling period, which is why its use under stockpiled grazing must be accompanied by adjustments in pasture management.

scholarly journals Establishment of Brachiaria cultivars in the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51802
Author(s):  
Jéssica Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Emmanuel Lievio de Lima Veras ◽  
Ana Beatriz Graciano da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

This study aimed was the establishment of the genus Brachiaria in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experiment was conducted from April to June 2016, as a randomized-block experimental design with five treatments and four replicates. Treatments were represented by five Brachiaria cultivars, namely, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã, Xaraés and Basilisk. Morphogenetic (leaf appearance rate, leaf elongation rate e stem elongation rate) and structural characteristics (final leaf length, tiller population density e number of leaves per tiller, forage mass, leaf blade mass, stem mass, senescent material mass and leaf:stem ratio) of the forage cultivars were evaluated. Canopy height fitted a linear regression model (P<0,05), with estimated daily increases of 0.50, 0.53, 0.53, 0.54 and 0.56 cm for cvs Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés, respectively. The number of live leaves in cvs Basilisk and Paiaguás increased linearly (p < 0.05), by 4.3 and 2.8 leaves per tiller, respectively, during the 60-day period. The recommended height at which the growth of Brachiaria cultivars should be interrupted is upon reaching 25 to 35 cm. In the soil-climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, the Brachiaria cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Paiaguás, Piatã and Xaraés are established at 75 days after sowing, which is the recommended time for performing the first harvest or lenient grazing to stimulate tillering.

scholarly journals Yield components and morphogenesis of Aruana grass in response to nitrogen supply

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Lavres Jr. ◽  
Maria Del Carmen Ferragine ◽  
Luciana Gerdes ◽  
Roberto Wagner Cavalcanti Raposo ◽  
Michelle Nazaré Xavier da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Areas with Aruana grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) in Brazilian pastures, especially those used by sheep, have expanded due to yield and morphological characteristics of this grass that are favorable to these animals. Nevertheless, the knowledge concerning yield attributes of this grass in relation to nitrogen fertilization is very limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate yield and physiological attributes in this forage grass when grown in nutrient solutions containing N rates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with plastic pots containing ground quartz as substrate, during the Spring season. Six N rates in the solution (14, 112, 210, 294, 378, and 462 mg L-1), with 70% N-NO3- and 30% N-NH4+ were tested. Experimental units were set up in a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Plants were harvested at 35 days after the seedlings were transplanted to the pots and again at 28 days after the first harvest. After the second harvest, the roots were taken from the substrate. In both growing periods, dry matter yield for plant tops and roots, leaf area, number of expanded green leaves, number of tillers, leaf appearance rate, and phyllochron were significantly affected by the N rates, and the data were adjusted to a second-order model. Aruana grass required high rates of N to show maximum response in those variables.

scholarly journals The growth dynamics in Brachiaria species according to nitrogen dose and shade

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo ◽  
Priscila Beligoli Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Miranda Gomide ◽  
Carlos Renato Tavares de Castro ◽  
Fausto de Souza Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance

It was studied the effects of shading (0, 36 and 54%) and of four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg N/dm³ of soil) on the morphogenetic traits and on the tillering of grasses of Brachiaria genus (B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis and B. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Xaraes), cultivated in pots with 5 kg substrate. It was used a complete random design, in a 3 × 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. Nitrogen promoted increase in leaf appearance rate and in average leaf blade length, whereas shading increased stem elongation rate. Leaf elongation rate and tillering varied with the interaction among shading percentages and nitrogen doses. Shading increased response efficiency of leaf elongation rate to nitrogen doses, but reduced for tillering, evidencing priority existing tillering growth in detriment to appearance of new tillers when there is light restriction for the plants. Phenotypic adjustments, in response to light reduction, indicate that the studied grasses present tolerance to moderate shading.

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