scholarly journals Personality Impairment in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Helena Haddad ◽  
Latife Yazig ◽  
Ana Cristina Resende ◽  
Kelsy Catherina Nema Areco ◽  
Norma Lottenberg Semer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Rorschach Performance Assessment System ◽  
Performance Assessment System ◽  
Ego Impairment

Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents manifests itself in a heterogeneous manner as regards personality aspects. This study aimed to evaluate, by using the Ego Impairment Index, the personality functioning characteristics of children and adolescents between 9 and 15 years old (to be completed), diagnosed with the disorder (clinical group) and compare them with a non-clinical group. The groups included 42 participants each. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version was used for diagnosis, and the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) was utilized for personality traits. When compared to their peers, the participants in the clinical group showed ability to discern adaptive behaviors through proper judgment, difficulty in keeping thinking and reasoning processes stable, a negative view of themselves and others, in addition to difficulty in establishing cooperative relationships.

Developments in the Rorschach Assessment of Disordered Thinking and Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Kleiger ◽  
Joni L. Mihura
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Empirical Validity ◽  
Rorschach Performance Assessment System ◽  
Valuable Method ◽  
Performance Assessment System

Abstract. In its first 100 years, the Rorschach has been heralded as a valuable method for investigating disturbances in thought organization and reasoning. It has survived periods of intense scrutiny and criticism, as contemporary researchers continued to demonstrate the empirical validity of the Rorschach as a measure of disordered thinking ( Mihura et al., 2013 ). It is fitting to mark the centenary of Rorschach’s “experiment” by summarizing contemporary contributions of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) and reviewing the empirical and conceptual bases for using the inkblots to assess disordered thinking and communication.

Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) Interrater Reliability in a Brazilian Adolescent Sample and Comparisons With Three Other Studies

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097307
Author(s):  
Andréia Mello de Almeida Schneider ◽  
Denise Ruschel Bandeira ◽  
Gregory J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rorschach Performance Assessment System ◽  
Performance Assessment System ◽  
Adolescent Sample ◽  
Coding Guidelines

We examine interrater reliability for scoring the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) in a sample of 89 adolescents ( MAge = 13.2, SD = 1.01) from Brazil using exact agreement intraclass correlations coefficient (ICCs) for the 60 protocol-level scores that are the focus of interpretation. The first author completed or reviewed all of the primary coding, and seven R-PAS proficient psychologists trained at different sites independently produced secondary coding. Overall, excellent agreement was found ( M ICC = 0.89; SD = 0.09). When averaged across this study and three other comparison studies, stronger reliability was present, in general, for commonly coded variables ( M = 0.87) as opposed to rare or infrequent variables ( M = 0.78). In addition, 78.3% of the variables showed excellent interrater reliability and an additional 20.0% had good reliability. The results also showed that the ICCs for most variables had low variability across studies, suggesting clear coding guidelines. However, variables with higher ICC variability across studies indicated domains where it would be desirable to expand guidelines with more detailed parameters. Overall, the findings indicate excellent interrater reliability for the great majority of codes and present solid grounds for future research on interrater reliability with R-PAS.

scholarly journals Gender-Related Clinical Characteristics in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Pietro De Rossi ◽  
Italo Pretelli ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Barbara D’Aiello ◽  
Silvia Di Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Impairment

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children, and it is usually associated with a significant impairment in global functioning. Traditionally, boys with ADHD are more likely to be referred for clinical assessments due to a higher prevalence of externalizing symptoms. However, as regards gender-related differential clinical characteristics between boys and girls with ADHD, further investigation is warranted in light of conflicting results found in currently available literature. In fact, a more precise clinical characterization could help increase appropriate diagnoses and treatment planning. In this context, we carried out a retrospective observational study on 715 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD from 2018 to 2020 at our center, in order to describe their gender-related clinical characteristics. Boys displayed higher average IQs, but they were comparable to girls in functional impairments and adaptive skills. Girls displayed higher scores on the Attention Problems subscale of the CBCL 6–18 and on several CPRS-R:L subscales, suggesting higher general ADHD symptom severity. Boys showed higher scores on CBCL 6–18 subscales, such as withdrawn/depressed, internalizing, and obsessive-compulsive problems. In conclusion, girls showed more severe ADHD features and lower IQ in clinically referred settings, while boys showed more internalizing problems and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

scholarly journals Validity of Space Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Rosso ◽  
Andrea Camoirano ◽  
Carlo Chiorri
Keyword(s):  
Child Custody ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Court System ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Custody Evaluations ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Child Custody Evaluations ◽  
Rorschach Performance Assessment System ◽  
Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽  
Performance Assessment System

Abstract. Divorcing couples who require the intervention of the court system to resolve their child custody disputes usually exhibit intense anger and experience strong resentment. The Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM) is one of the most commonly used tests in child custody evaluations, in which one crucial issue is affectivity and its regulation, and, specifically, negative emotions such as anger and resentment. White Space (S) is one of the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS) variables usually taken into account to assess anger and resentment, but to date the construct validity of S responses for this purpose is far from established. Our study addresses this issue by exploring the association between S responses (coded on the basis of the following classifications: the CS, the Rorschach Performance Assessment System, and Rosso, Chiorri, and Denevi, 2015 ) and the motor, emotional, and cognitive components of aggression reported by clinicians in a sample of divorcing couples engaged in child custody litigation ( n = 85). Our findings support the hypothesis that Space fusion responses may be a marker of separation and emptiness anxiety, whereas no support is provided by this study for the hypothesis that Space reversal and Space integration responses are indicative of anger.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Academic Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
Collateral Information ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
History Of

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common and thoroughly researched neuropsychiatric disorder affecting children and adolescents. The prevalence of ADHD ranges from 8 to 12% in school-age children, and 70% of these individuals continue to meet DSM-5 criteria for the disorder in adolescence. ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys compared with girls. ADHD is chronic, with prominent symptoms and impairment in family, social, and academic functioning. ADHD is often associated with comorbid disorders, including disruptive, mood, and anxiety disorders, and can increase the risk of developing substance use disorders. The diagnosis of ADHD requires a comprehensive clinical assessment, including a detailed history, clinical interview, and collateral information, and is clinically established by review of symptoms and impairment and having established a developmental history of the symptoms. The biological underpinning of the disorder is supported by genetic, neuroimaging, neurochemistry, and neuropsychological data. Treatment should attend to developmental milestones of the child and include family and individual psychosocial interventions. Psychosocial interventions in combination with medication are helpful for ADHD and comorbid problems. Pharmacotherapy, including psychostimulants, noradrenergic agents, alpha agonists, and antidepressants, plays a fundamental role in the treatment and management of ADHD. This review contains 2 figures, 9 tables, and 114 references. Key words: attention, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, comorbidity, hyperactivity, impulsivity, learning, nonstimulants, psychosocial, psychostimulants, treatment

scholarly journals Form Quality in Rorschach Comprehensive System and R-PAS: Sample of Psychiatric Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (63) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latife Yazigi ◽  
Norma Lottenberg Semer ◽  
Maria Luiza de Matos Fiore ◽  
Roberta Katz Abela ◽  
Tatiana Gottlieb Lerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Formal Quality ◽  
Rorschach Performance Assessment System ◽  
Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽  
Performance Assessment System ◽  
Form Quality

Abstract The creation of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) requires research that allows its use in the Brazilian population. The Formal Quality (FQ) category is essential both for clinic and research. The aim of this study was to compare form quality variables in Rorschach protocols from psychiatric patients and ratings coded in the Comprehensive System (CS) and R-PAS. The sample comprised 206 Rorschach protocols from adult patients in psychiatric treatment, who were also assessed by SCID-I and SCID-II. Most protocols were administered in the CS and recoded according to the R-PAS. The kappa coefficient was calculated, and we compared the means of these variables in both systems. The kappa results varied from almost perfect to substantial consistency for all variables, however, the descriptive statistics confirmed that the R-PAS elicits more FQ Ordinary coding while the CS elicits more FQ minus coding.

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