scholarly journals Gender-Related Clinical Characteristics in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Pietro De Rossi ◽  
Italo Pretelli ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Barbara D’Aiello ◽  
Silvia Di Vara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Significant Impairment

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorder in school-age children, and it is usually associated with a significant impairment in global functioning. Traditionally, boys with ADHD are more likely to be referred for clinical assessments due to a higher prevalence of externalizing symptoms. However, as regards gender-related differential clinical characteristics between boys and girls with ADHD, further investigation is warranted in light of conflicting results found in currently available literature. In fact, a more precise clinical characterization could help increase appropriate diagnoses and treatment planning. In this context, we carried out a retrospective observational study on 715 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD from 2018 to 2020 at our center, in order to describe their gender-related clinical characteristics. Boys displayed higher average IQs, but they were comparable to girls in functional impairments and adaptive skills. Girls displayed higher scores on the Attention Problems subscale of the CBCL 6–18 and on several CPRS-R:L subscales, suggesting higher general ADHD symptom severity. Boys showed higher scores on CBCL 6–18 subscales, such as withdrawn/depressed, internalizing, and obsessive-compulsive problems. In conclusion, girls showed more severe ADHD features and lower IQ in clinically referred settings, while boys showed more internalizing problems and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

scholarly journals Elevated Expression of SLC6A4 Encoding the Serotonin Transporter (SERT) in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Mathis Hildonen ◽  
Amanda M. Levy ◽  
Christina Dahl ◽  
Victoria A. Bjerregaard ◽  
Lisbeth Birk Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Most of the GTS individuals have comorbid diagnoses, of which obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the most common. Several neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in disease pathogenesis, and amongst these, the dopaminergic and the serotonergic pathways are the most widely studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene (SLC6A4) was differentially expressed among GTS individuals compared to healthy controls, and whether DNA variants (the SERT-linked polymorphic region 5-HTTLPR, together with the associated rs25531 and rs25532 variants, and the rare Ile425Val variant) or promoter methylation of SLC6A4 were associated with gene expression levels or with the presence of OCD as comorbidity. We observed that SLC6A4 expression is upregulated in GTS individuals compared to controls. Although no specific genotype, allele or haplotype was overrepresented in GTS individuals compared to controls, we observed that the LAC/LAC genotype of the 5-HTTLPR/rs25531/rs25532 three-locus haplotype was associated with higher SLC6A4 mRNA expression levels in GTS individuals, but not in the control group.

scholarly journals The prevalence of autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S56
Author(s):  
Claire Tiley ◽  
Marinos Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

AimsAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) commonly co-occur in children and adolescents (C&A); evidence suggests functional impairment is increased in those diagnosed with both disorders. The aims of this systematic review were: 1) To review studies that report on the prevalence of ASD traits and/or diagnosis in C&A with OCD. 2) To review whether the severity of OCD symptoms is related to the severity of ASD traits in C&A with OCD. 3)To review whether the severity of comorbid ASD traits or diagnosis in C&A with OCD impact on their global functioning.MethodThis systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Prisma guidelines were followed . Electronic searches were carried out on Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo with the use of selected keywords. Inclusion criteria : 1) Participants up to the age of 18 who had an ICD or DSM diagnosis of OCD. 2) Journal articles published in the English, with no date specifications. 3) Papers evaluating ASD diagnosis or traits, or where data on this could be extracted. Exclusion criteria: 1) Papers looking at OCD related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, compulsive skin picking, trichotillomania and hoarding disorder. 2) Samples including adults where C&A data could not be extracted. 3) Posters, abstracts and dissertations.ResultA total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review. Seven of these studies directly compared the prevalence of ASD traits (measured by questionnaires) or diagnosis in OCD to a control group or normative data, with all studies reporting a significant elevation in ASD trait scores and diagnosis in OCD. Ten of the studies reported on the correlation between ASD trait severity and OCD severity. Four studies identified a significant correlation between ASD and OCD total scores or specified subscales. In contrast, one study found significantly elevated OCD scores in an OCD only group when compared to a comorbid OCD and ASD group. Three studies reported on the correlation between ASD scores and functional impairment or compared an OCD only group to a comorbid group. All three studies demonstrated that the presence ASD or ASD traits are associated with elevated scores in global functional impairment.ConclusionIn conclusion, this review suggests that there is an increased prevalence of ASD traits and diagnosis amongst C&A with OCD. Elevated ASD traits within this population are associated with a greater impact on global functioning.

scholarly journals Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of attention and ADHD comorbidity in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Regina Carvalho Machado da Costa ◽  
Guilherme de Macêdo Oliveira ◽  
Marleide da Mota Gomes ◽  
Heber de Souza Maia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Children with epilepsy present significant problems concerning attention and comorbidity with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objective To determine the prevalence of attention complaints, ADHD diagnosis and attention profile in a sample of children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy. Method 36 children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy and 37 genre and age matched healthy controls underwent several procedures to diagnose their neuropsychological profile and comorbidity with ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was higher in patients with epilepsy [χ2= 4.1, p = 0.043, 6 (16.7%) vs 1 (2.7%)], with worse results in attention related WISC items and factors in patients with epilepsy comparing to the controls, but not between patients with and without ADHD. Clinical characteristics did not influence those results. Conclusion This study found a greater prevalence of problems wih attention in pediatric patients with idiopathic epilepsy, but not a distinct profile between those with or without ADHD.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: association with quality of life and behavioral aspects

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcone de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Mayke Felipe Dias Marinho ◽  
Stela Maris Aguiar Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Abstract Objective: To identify associations between clinical characteristics of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their sociodemographic aspects, quality of life, and results from the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Methods: This is an observational analytical cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample consisting of 72 children diagnosed with ADHD, aged 6 to 13 years, treated at 2 neuropediatric outpatient clinics. The instruments used were the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder – Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, version IV (MTA-SNAP-IV), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB), and the Quality of Life Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents (AUQEI). We performed descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses, considering a 5% significance level. Results: SDQ results were associated with abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV results (inattentive/hyperactive/combined). A 1-point increment in the SDQ score increased by 36.5% the likelihood of the child having an abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV classification. Regarding AUQEI, 30.6% of participants perceived their quality of life as poor and 69.4% as good. Conclusions: A higher SDQ score increased the child's chance of having an abnormal MTA-SNAP-IV result.

Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders in Children and Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Storch ◽  
Omar Rahman ◽  
Mirela A. Aldea ◽  
Jeannette M. Reid ◽  
Danielle Bodzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This chapter reviews the literature on obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders (i.e., obsessive compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, Tourette syndrome, and varied body-focused repetitive behaviors) in children and adolescents. For each disorder, data on phenomenology, associated clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future research and clinical directions, such as novel augmentation strategies, diagnostic classification of obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders, and methods of maximizing treatment outcome.

scholarly journals Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between children and adolescents with major depressive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Fu-I ◽  
Yuan Pang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Depressive Episodes

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder symptoms between children and adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 58 patients of a Child and Adolescent Affective Disorder Clinic consecutively admitted during a six-month period. Children aged 5-9 years old and adolescents from 10-17 years old currently meeting DSM-IV criteria diagnosis of major depressive disorder were chosen. Current MDD diagnosis and depressive psychopathology were assessed by a clinical interview and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-DSM-IV version. The Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised Version and the Children Global Assessment Scale rated the severity and global functioning of major depressive disorder. RESULTS: The most common depressive symptoms were: anhedonia (72.4%), depressed mood (72.4%), decreased concentration (62.1%), and irritability (58.6%). The intensity of depressive episodes of this sample ranged from mild to moderate. Fifty percent reported thoughts of death, and 29.3% presented a variety of psychotic symptoms. When compared with children, adolescents reported a significantly more depressed mood (p = 0.043), lower self-esteem (p = 0.002), and had more difficulty concentrating (p = 0.020). Female adolescents had lower self-esteem (p = 0.003), and male adolescents showed more decreased concentration (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that age and gender differences might influence the clinical presentation of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Further studies with larger samples are needed.

Clinical characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa and obsessive–compulsive disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MATSUNAGA ◽  
N. KIRIIKE ◽  
Y. IWASAKI ◽  
A. MIYATA ◽  
S. YAMAGAMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Background. The purpose of this study was to assess clinical characteristics, including co-morbid personality disorders in patients with both anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in comparison with age- and sex-matched patients with OCD.Methods. Fifty-three female patients with AN were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of a current diagnosis of OCD, as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Patient version (SCID-P). Twenty-one women (40%) who met the DSM-III-R criteria for both AN and OCD were compared with 23 female patients with OCD, using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the SCID Axis II disorders.Results. There were no significant differences on the mean Y-BOCS severity scores between these groups. However, AN patients with OCD were significantly more likely than OCD patients to have obsessions with need for symmetry or exactness and ordering/arranging compulsions, whereas both aggressive obsessions and checking compulsions tended to be more frequently identified in OCD patients compared with AN patients with OCD. AN patients with OCD were significantly more likely than OCD patients to meet the criteria for obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD).Conclusions. These results suggest that there are some differential characteristics of the OCD symptomatology between these disorders, although many patients with AN manifest significant impairment from primary OCD symptoms with similar magnitude in severity to that found in OCD patients.

Aripiprazole in Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Comorbid with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Open Clinical Trial

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silzá Tramontina ◽  
Cristian Patrick Zeni ◽  
Gabriel Ferreira Pheula ◽  
Carla Ketzer de Souza ◽  
Luis Augusto Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTIntroductionJuvenile bipolar disorder (JBD) is a highly impairing chronic mental health condition that affects children and adolescents' overall functioning. Comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is extremely prevalent and may determine worse response to treatment. Few investigations have addressed the use of recent atypical antipsychotics in JBD, although several guidelines suggest their use.MethodsWe conducted a 6-week open trial with aripiprazole in 10 children and adolescents with JBD comorbid with ADHD to assess impact on mania and ADHD symptoms, respectively, by means of the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Scale, as well as on global functioning (Clinical Global Impressions–Severity), and adverse events.ResultsSignificant improvement in global functioning scores (F=3.17, P=.01, effect size=0.55), manic symptoms (F=5.63, P<.01; ES=0.93), and ADHD symptoms (t=3.42, P<.01; ES=1.05) were detected. Although an overall positive tolerability was reported, significant weight gain (F=3.07, P=.05) was observed.ConclusionAripiprazole was effective in improving mania and ADHD symptoms, but neither JBD nor ADHD symptom remission was observed in most of the cases. Randomized placebo-controlled trials for JBD and ADHD are needed.

scholarly journals Atomoxetine Induced Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengühan Araz Altay
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Stimulant Drug ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Different Doses

Introduction: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant drug used in the treatment of ADHD. Case Presentation: In this article, a case of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which occurred in an 11-year-old boy with an increased dose of atomoxetine during ADHD treatment and disappeared with dose reduction is reported. This case is only the second OCD case resulting from the use of atomoxetine. Conclusion: The case reported herein is the second case caused by the use of atomoxetine and the first in which OCD symptoms regressed when the atomoxetine dose was reduced. OCD development due to atomoxetine consumption may occur at different doses. When OCD develops, the solution may be dose reduction, or it may be necessary to discontinue treatment with atomoxetine.

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