DEVELOPING THE PROBLEM OF NUMERATION LITERACY WITH ISLAMIC CONTEXT

This study aims to develop assessment questions or instruments to measure students' numeration literacy skills integrated with the Islamic context. The research was conducted through 4 stages: initial assessment, design, test making, and a study of problem items then limited trials and analysis. The instruments used include algebra and statistics by taking the Islamic context of zakat material. Experts validated the instrument, and the validation results were analyzed using Aiken's formula. The instrument was also tested online and limited to 22 students of grade 8 MTsN 1 Surabaya. The test results were analyzed using product-moment correlation to determine its empirical validity and used alpha Cronbach to determine its reliability. The results showed that the 6 questions developed are valid with a validity value of 0.783. This result is reinforced by empirical validity results that show that the instruments developed are valid in terms of material/content, construct, and language. The reliability test results using alpha Cronbach obtained the reliability coefficient is 0.72. The instrument developed in this research is expected to be one of the references of students in practicing their numeracy skills and preparing to face national assessments by the Ministry of Education. Because it was found in this study that students have difficulty answering the question of numeration literacy with Islamic context. This case shows that students' numeration literacy skills are still low.

Why Hubel and Wiesel never go out of style

The simple, speculative account of the functional properties of V1 neurons proffered more than half a century ago by Hubel and Wiesel has not proven empirically fruitful. Yet, despite its age, theoretical problems and empirical impotence, this work continues to be uncritically cited as a basic premise of (chronically non-replicable) V1 research, due to the prioritization of simple math over empirical validity.

Modelling the perception of security in the Covid-19 era

The objective of this work was to provide empirical validity to the Security Perception Scale. A cross-sectional, correlational and psychometric study was conducted with a selection of 100 students. He suspects his participation in local crime prevention programs. Seven dimensions were established: territorial, national, public (government), human, public (self-protection), private and international, although the research design limited the results to the sample surveyed, suggesting the extension of work to other aspects of public insecurity .

THE USE OF THE RASCH MODEL IN ANALYSING THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF STUDENTS’ COPING STRATEGY SCALE

This research is part of the standardization of the Students' Coping Strategy Scale (SCSS). This study aims to reveal the content validity, empirical validity, and reliability of the SCSS. The non-test instrument consisting of 42 statements from three dimensions: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and seeking social support. Content validity analysis was carried out by experts to obtain Gregory's content validity coefficient, while the empirical validity and reliability analysis by empirically testing the instrument on 211 respondents and analyzed using the Rasch model approach. The results show that Gregory's content validity coefficient is 0.714, so it needs improvement on some items that are considered unsuitable. Empirical validity analysis using WINSTEPS software shows that three items do not fit the model. The reliability coefficient of the SCSS is 0.99. Thus, the remaining 39 items are appropriate to be used to measure students' coping strategies.

Developments in the Rorschach Assessment of Disordered Thinking and Communication

In its first 100 years, the Rorschach has been heralded as a valuable method for investigating disturbances in thought organization and reasoning. It has survived periods of intense scrutiny and criticism, as contemporary researchers continued to demonstrate the empirical validity of the Rorschach as a measure of disordered thinking ( Mihura et al., 2013 ). It is fitting to mark the centenary of Rorschach’s “experiment” by summarizing contemporary contributions of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) and reviewing the empirical and conceptual bases for using the inkblots to assess disordered thinking and communication.

Civilizzazione e funzione ancillare della forza

A very respectable theory (K.R. Popper) argues that civilization tends to limit the use of violence and opposes a state of chaos, madness, barbarism and war. It is a philosophical theory that in its empirical validity can find a minimum (not exclusive) support from a triad of arguments. In fact, by limiting the concept of civilization to that field that we can call "law and legal justice", we can have, in this case, three arguments, to argue that law actually tends to limit the use of violence, without being based exclusively on the force (and violence) of the sanction:(i) A philosophical-juridical argument, the theory of “international regimes; (ii) A sociological one, the theory of companies such as "Small World Networks" and (iii) A mathematical one, the theory of deterministic chaos applied to the phenomenon of sanction (also definable as coercive force, deterrence or even "just war").

ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST MID-SEMESTER EXAM QUESTIONS FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE SUBJECT

This research was conducted because the quality of the items was not analyzed optimally. The Research aimed to find out the quality of the First Semester mid exam questions for Class VII of SMP Negeri Padang in the 2019/2020 academic year and determine the quality of goods in terms of analysis: 1) reliability, 2) empirical validity, 3) distinguishing features, 4) difficulty levels, and 5) differentiating functions.This research is descriptive research. The sampling technique for this research used Proporsional Stratified Sampling technique. The study population was all answer sheets for students in the Mid Semester exam for science class VII SMP Negeri Padang, namely SMP Negeri 16, 18, 27, and 32 Padang. Based on the results of data analysis , the results for review aspects : 1) the reliability value of the questions was 0.39 which was low, 2) empirical validity, 9 questions (22.5%) were valid and 31 questions (77.5%) were invalid, 3) difficulty level, 2 questions (5%) very easy, 3 questions (7.5%) easy category, 28 questions (70%) medium category, and 7 questions (17.5%) difficult category, 4) distinguishing power, obtained 28 questions (70%) including good category, 12 questions (30%) were not in the good category, 5) the quality of distractors was 82.5% of good quality and 17.5% did not belong to good quality. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the quality of the mid exam questions in science class VII class at SMP Negeri Padang in the academic year 2019/2020 is not good.

OUTDOOR LEARNING-BASED THEMATIC LEARNING

This research is a research on developing a test instrument for higher-order thinking skills based on outdoor learning for fifth grade elementary school students. This study aims to 1) develop a test instrument for higher order thinking skills based on outdoor learning in elementary schools; 2) validate the test instrument through expert validation and empirical validity. Expert validation is carried out by consulting the product development design with expert lecturers. Empirical validity was carried out using the product moment correlation formula, while the determination of reliability used the Cronbach Alpha formula. The research method uses Design Based Research. The development of this model is carried out in stages 1) identification and problem analysis by researchers and practitioners collaboratively 2) developing solutions based on theoretical benchmarks, existing design principles and technological innovations 3) carrying out an iterative process to test and improve practical solutions 4) reflection to produce design principles and improve implementation of practical solutions. The results of the study are 1) 22 items of higher order thinking skills; 2) validation by experts states that this assessment instrument is suitable for use as an assessment tool, while in empirical validation it is stated that the overall results of the test using the product moment formula of the items have been declared valid. Determination of reliability using Cronbach's alpha formula has a reliability value of 0.935 which is categorized as high reliable. Overall, in this development research, this higher-order thinking ability assessment instrument is valid and reliable as a form of assessment.