scholarly journals Response of soil fungi and biological processes to crop residues in no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
João Kluthcouski ◽  
Murillo Lobo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Quotient ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Soilborne Fungi ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation can directly affect the soil microbial community. This study aimed at determining soil quality indicators and soilborne fungi in a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, was used. Three cover crops (palisade grass, millet and common bean) provided straw and root residues to the following crops of corn and soybean. The common bean-soybean sequence provided little soil covering and higher metabolic quotient and soil basal respiration and total enzymatic activity, as well as a general increase of soilborne fungi. The principal component analysis revealed that 76.61 % of the variance can be explained by the three first components, with cover crops, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient regarded as the main qualitative and quantitative sources of variance in the first component. Carbon from the microbial biomass was the soil quality indicator best correlated to crop yield and negatively correlated to Fusarium solani density. The Rhizoctonia solani population was correlated with higher metabolic quotient and soil total enzymatic activity and basal respiration. The palisade grass crop favored soil fungistasis and enhancement of antagonist Trichoderma spp. populations. The multivariate approach demonstrated the association of soil fungi with soil quality indicators, as well as a higher influence of cover crops on the variance observed, in comparison to cash crops.

scholarly journals Soil quality indicators after conversion of “murundu” fields into no-tillage cropping in the Brazilian Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edicarlos Damacena de Souza ◽  
Camila Rodrigues Menezes da Silva ◽  
Flávio Araújo Pinto ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Helder Barbosa Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Reference Area ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Quotient ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Carbon Management Index

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in soil quality due to different times of adoption of the no-tillage system in “murundu” (mound) fields converted to agriculture, as well as to identify the best indicators to explain these changes. The study was carried out on a Plinthic Altisol, in the municipality of Portelândia, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The treatments consisted of different times of conversion and of adoption of the no-tillage system - 8, 12, and 17 years - and of native area between the mounds and on top of the mounds (reference area). After 17 years of the adoption of no-tillage, there was an increase in organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as in their particulate fractions in relation to the reference area. The microbiological attributes showed greater values in the 17-year no-tillage period compared with the native area. For soil aggregation, 12 years of adoption of the no-tillage system were enough to show an increase in this variable. The main attributes to be used as soil quality indicators are microbial biomass carbon, the carbon management index, and the microbial quotient.

scholarly journals Microbial activity in soil with onion grown in a no-tillage system with single or intercropped cover crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Souza ◽  
Mónica María Machado Vargas ◽  
Bárbara Santos Ventura ◽  
Vilmar Müller Júnior ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fda Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT: Microbial biomass is a driving force in the dynamics of soil organic matter, and microbial activity is an indicator of soil quality in agroecosystems, reflecting changes in management practices and environmental conditions. We evaluated the effect of monoculture and intercropped winter cover crops on soil chemical attributes, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), urease, β-glucosidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis activity, as well as onion yield in a no-tillage system. Soil is a Typic Humudept, and treatments were control with spontaneous vegetation, barley, rye, oilseed radish (OR), OR + rye, and OR + barley. The soil was sampled (0-10 cm) five times between June and December. There were no differences among treatments for MBC and BR, and the highest values for those attributes occurred in June, when cover plants were in their initial stage. Although, qCO2 was not affected by any treatment, it varied among sampling periods, ranging from 0.62 to 10 µg C-CO2 mg-1 MBC h-1, indicating a low- or no stress environment. Cover crops had little influence on enzyme activity, but FDA was lowered in areas with single crops of barley and rye. Average onion yield in cover crops treatments was 13.01 (Mg ha-1), 30-40% higher than in the control treatment.

scholarly journals Quality index of an Oxisol under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Marla O. Fagundes ◽  
Diony A. Reis ◽  
Roberto B. Portella ◽  
Fabiano J. Perina ◽  
Julio C. Bogiani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Assessing soil quality under different cover crops or different management systems is essential to its conservation. This study aimed to evaluate an Oxisol cultivated with corn and cotton, after different crop successions and under no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CT), through the soil quality index (SQI), using an area of native Cerrado as reference. The study was carried out in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Western Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples with the preserved and non-preserved structure were collected in the layers of 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m to determine the macroporosity, the soil bulk density, the available water, the levels of total organic carbon, the clay dispersed in water, and the degree of flocculation. The averages of the attributes measured in the treatments and the soil quality index, which was elaborated by the method of deviations of the values of the attributes measured in the treatments concerning the reference area, followed by normalization, were compared by the Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05). The soil under CT, in all treatments, had its quality reduced when compared to the NTS. Also, the SQI used was sensitive to detect the changes caused by the management systems and assign consistent scores to the evaluated soil quality.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of an oxisol after maize cropping on rotation with leguminous plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Medina Rosa ◽  
Lúcia Helena Pereira Nóbrega ◽  
Márcia Maria Mauli ◽  
Gislaine Piccolo de Lima ◽  
Ariane Spiassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rotation Scheme ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Crop rotation has been a daily management to ensure viability of no-tillage system; however, it is few accepted and practiced by farmers. Thus, this study aims to establish a crop rotation scheme in soil quality. Consequently, cover crops of dwarf mucuna, pigeon pea dwarf, sun hemp and maize were cropped in 2010 under no-tillage system. Soil properties were determined prior their beginning, after the management of cover crops and maize harvest. Results were submitted to ANOVA and averages were compared. The macroporosity and total porosity answered to the adopted management with some variation. So, cover crops need much time to express their potential, mainly related to the physical characteristics of the studied soil. Chemical properties are susceptible to this management since higher changes were observed after management with cover crops. This crop rotation in a long term may allow the maintenance of soil quality because it avoids losses of nutrients and carbon.

scholarly journals Diversity and Longevity of the Soybean Debris Mycobiota in a No-Tillage System

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Baird ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
A. B. Peery ◽  
M. L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cercospora Kikuchii ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fungi

The survival of the mycobiota on pod and stem debris of soybean produced in a no-tillage system with cover crops of alfalfa, canola, rye, or wheat or with no cover was studied during 1994 and 1995. Fiberglass mesh bags containing pods and stems were assayed every 28 to 31 days to determine the isolation frequency of fungi. Over 90% of the 11,906 isolates obtained were members of the Deuteromycotina. The most common genera isolated were Alternaria, Cercos-pora, Colletotrichum, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Phoma. Alternaria spp. had the greatest isolation frequencies and constituted 40% of the total cultures. Numbers of total fungi (all fungi isolated) on sampling dates in 1994 were similar to the totals in 1995. In May 1994, the mean isolation rates for many of the fungal species were significantly lower (P = 0.05) in several of the cover crops, but no consistent pattern could be determined. Common soybean pathogens isolated included Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe spp., and Cercospora kikuchii. Fusarium graminearum, which is responsible for several diseases of maize and wheat, was commonly isolated during this study. Of the Diaporthe spp. (anamorph Phomopsis spp.), 87% were identified as D. phaseolorum var. sojae. Colletotrichum spp. were identified as C. truncatum in 85% of the isolates, C. destructivum (teleomorph Glomerella glycines) in 12%, and both species in 3%. Cercospora kikuchii was more commonly isolated from pods than from stem tissue, and Colletotrichum spp. occurred more frequently on stems. Isolation frequencies of Diaporthe spp. were greater in May of both years than in the preceding months. These results show that no-tillage soybean debris harbors numerous fungi pathogenic to soybean, and producers who grow soybeans continuously may find more disease in this crop and lower yields. Fungi that attack crops such as maize and wheat were commonly isolated from soybean debris in both years, and a no-tillage rotation which includes maize or wheat could result in increased disease in these crops. Isolation frequencies of the fungi from cover crops varied with the sampling date, but no consistent patterns could be determined for a particular cover crop or fungal species. This is the first detailed study of survival rates of soybean, maize, and wheat pathogens that overwinter on soybean debris in a no-tillage system.

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Structuring potential of some cover crops and crambe in Haplortox under no-tillage system

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 2078-2086
Author(s):  
Kazue Tokura Luciene ◽  
Secco Deonir ◽  
Antonio Zanao Junior Luiz ◽  
Antonio Cruz Siqueira Jair ◽  
Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Cover Crops and Upland Rice Grown in Succession Under No-Tillage System as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Alefe Viana Souza Bastos ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzin ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate

scholarly journals MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN A SOIL WITH COVER CROPS IN SUCCESSION WITH MAIZE IN A NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Cátia Aparecida SIMON ◽  
Meire Silvestrini Cordeiro ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Marivaine Da Silva Brasil ◽  
Carlos Henrique De David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Beta Glucosidase

Avaliou-se neste estudo o efeito residual de plantas de cobertura na atividade das enzimas fosfatase ácida, arilsulfatase e beta-glucosidase e na respiração basal em solo cultivado com milho no Cerrado sul-mato-grossense. A fosfatase ácida, arilsufatase e beta-glucosidase variaram respectivamente de 755 a 1111; 74 a 131 e 167 a 299 µg p-nitrofenol g solo-1 h-1. As plantas de cobertura de espécies gramíneas proporcionaram maior atividade enzimática no solo quando comparada as demais. As coberturas Urochoa ruziziensis, sorgo e Urochoa brizanta promoveram os maiores valores nas atividades das enzimas do solo fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase e os menores valores de respiração basal do solo. Para a enzima beta glucosidase a cobertura que proporcionou o maior valor de atividade foi o milheto, onde também foi observado maior valor de respiração do solo. De maneira geral, as menores atividades enzimáticas foram observadas em solo com as coberturas nabo forrageiro e crambe. 

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