scholarly journals Quality index of an Oxisol under different management systems in the Brazilian Cerrado

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Marla O. Fagundes ◽  
Diony A. Reis ◽  
Roberto B. Portella ◽  
Fabiano J. Perina ◽  
Julio C. Bogiani
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Assessing soil quality under different cover crops or different management systems is essential to its conservation. This study aimed to evaluate an Oxisol cultivated with corn and cotton, after different crop successions and under no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CT), through the soil quality index (SQI), using an area of native Cerrado as reference. The study was carried out in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Western Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples with the preserved and non-preserved structure were collected in the layers of 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m to determine the macroporosity, the soil bulk density, the available water, the levels of total organic carbon, the clay dispersed in water, and the degree of flocculation. The averages of the attributes measured in the treatments and the soil quality index, which was elaborated by the method of deviations of the values of the attributes measured in the treatments concerning the reference area, followed by normalization, were compared by the Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05). The soil under CT, in all treatments, had its quality reduced when compared to the NTS. Also, the SQI used was sensitive to detect the changes caused by the management systems and assign consistent scores to the evaluated soil quality.

scholarly journals Physical quality of an Oxisol cultivated with maize submited to cover crops in the pre-cropping period

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana de Souza Pereira ◽  
Itamar Andrioli ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Cinara Xavier de Almeida ◽  
Faber de Souza Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The intensive use of land alters the distribution of the pore size which imparts consequences on the soil physical quality. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) allows for the visualization of the effects of management systems upon either the improvement or the degradation of the soil physical quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of a Red Latosol (Oxisol) submited to cover crops in the period prior to the maize crop in a no-tillage and conventional tillage system, using porosity, soil bulk density and the LLWR as attributes. The treatments were: conventional tillage (CT) and a no-tillage system with the following cover crops: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) (NS), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) (NP) and lablab (Dolichos lablab L.) (NL). The experimental design was randomized blocks in subdivided plots with six replications, with the plots being constituted by the treatments and the subplots by the layers analyzed. The no-tillage systems showed higher total porosity and soil organic matter at the 0-0.5 m layer for the CT. The CT did not differ from the NL or NS in relation to macroporosity. The NP showed the greater porosity, while CT and NS presented lower soil bulk density. No < 10 % airing porosity was found for the treatments evaluated, and value for water content where soil aeration is critical (θPA) was found above estimated water content at field capacity (θFC) for all densities. Critical soil bulk density was of 1.36 and 1.43 Mg m-3 for NP and CT, respectively. The LLWR in the no-tillage systems was limited in the upper part by the θFC, and in the bottom part, by the water content from which soil resistance to penetration is limiting (θPR). By means of LLWR it was observed that the soil presented good physical quality.

scholarly journals Morphological diversity of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) as soil quality bioindicators in land use systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia da Silva Machado ◽  
Luís Carlos Iuñes Oliveira Filho ◽  
Julio Cesar Pires Santos ◽  
Alexandre Tadeu Paulino ◽  
Dilmar Baretta
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the soil quality of native forest, eucalyptus plantations, pasture, integrated crop-livestock, and no-tillage systems, correlating the morphological diversity of springtails with physical and chemical soil properties. Springtail samples were captured from soils of the southern plateau of the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil, during winter and summer, by using Pitfall traps, using a 3 × 3 point grid. The morphotyping of springtails consisted of the observation of five traits and for each one a partial value of the eco-morphological index was assigned to obtain the modified Soil Quality Index. A correlation of the morphotype abundance and diversity with physical (soil moisture, bulk density, biopores, microporosity, and macroporosity) and chemical (pH in water, calcium/magnesium ratio and total organic carbon content) soil properties was studied, describing all results by variance and multivariate analyses. The springtail abundance and diversity were influenced by the different land use systems. Higher soil quality index was determined in native forest followed by eucalyptus plantations, pasture, no-tillage system and integrated crop-livestock, in the winter. Moreover, higher soil quality index was found in native forest followed by integrated crop-livestock, eucalyptus plantations, no-tillage system and pasture, in the summer. Therefore, the quality index of a soil can be evaluated by the springtail morphological traits in correlation with the physical and chemical properties such as calcium/magnesium ratio, total organic carbon contents, biopores, macroporosity, microporosity, soil moisture, bulky density and pH.

scholarly journals Soil macrofauna associated with cover crops in an Oxisol from the southwest of Piauí state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djavan Pinheiro Santos ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Juvenal Pereira da Silva Junior ◽  
Everaldo Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sole Cropping

ABSTRACT: The soil macrofauna is fundamental for the maintenance of soil quality. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil macrofauna under different species of cover crops, including monoculture or intercropping associated to two types of soil management in the southwest region of Piauí state. The study was carried out in an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo, according to Brazilian Soil Classification System) in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, distributed in 30 m2 plots. Testing and evaluation of the soil macrofauna were conducted in a 9 × 2 strip factorial design, with combinations between cover crops/consortia and soil management (with or without tillage), with four replications. Soil monoliths (0.25 × 0.25 m) were randomly sampled in each plot for macrofauna at 0‒0.1, 0.1‒0.2, and 0.2‒0.3 m depth, including surface litter. After identification and counting of soil organims, the relative density of each taxon in each depth was determined. The total abundance of soil macrofauna quantified under cover crops in the conventional and no-tillage system was 2,408 ind. m-2, distributed in 6 classes, 16 orders, and 31 families. The results of multivariate analysis show that grass species in sole cropping systems and no-tillage presents higher macrofauna density, in particular the taxonomic group Isoptera. No-tillage also provided higher richness of families, where Coleoptera adult were the second more abundant group in no-tillage and Hemiptera in conventional tillage.

scholarly journals Carbon stocks in organic matter fractions as affected by land use and soil management, with emphasis on no-tillage effect

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Deborah Pinheiro Dick ◽  
Genicelli Mafra Ribeiro ◽  
Klaus Konrad Scheuermann
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Land use and soil management may affect both labile and humified soil organic matter (SOM) fractions, but the magnitude of these changes is poorly known in subtropical environments. This study investigated effects of four land use and soil management systems (forest, native pasture, and conventional tillage and no-tillage in a wheat/soybean succession) on (i) total soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks (0 to 250mm depth) and on (ii) carbon (C) stocks in labile (coarse, light) and humified (mineral-associated, humic substances) SOM fractions (0 to 25mm depth), in a Hapludox soil from southern Brazil. In comparison to the adjacent forest site, conventionally tilled soil presented 36% (46.2Mg ha-1) less SOC in the 0 to 250mm depth and a widespread decrease in C stocks in all SOM fractions in the 0 to 25mm depth. The coarse (>53 mum) and light (<1kg dm-3) SOM fractions were the most affected under no-tillage, showing 393% (1.22Mg C ha-1) and 289% (0.55Mg C ha-1) increases, respectively, in relation to conventional tillage. Similar results were observed for mineral-associated SOM and humic substance C pools (34% and 38% increases, respectively) under no-tillage. Compared with labile SOM fraction results, the percentual increments on C stocks in humified fractions were smaller; but in absolute terms this C pool yielded the highest increases (3.06 and 2.95Mg C ha-1, respectively). These results showed that both labile and humified organic matter are better protected under the no-tillage system, and consequently less vulnerable to mineralization. Humified SOM stabilization process involving interactions with variable charge minerals is probably important in maintaining and restoring soil and environmental quality in tropical and subtropical regions.

scholarly journals Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Concentration, and Soil Bulk Density As Affected by Cover Crop Species in a No-Tillage System

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Yuncong Li ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System

Soil aggregation and the distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) may be affected by soil tillage and cover crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of crop rotation with cover crops on soil aggregation, TOC concentration in the soil aggregate fractions, and soil bulk density under a no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CTS, one plowing and two disking). This was a three-year study with cover crop/rice/cover crop/rice rotations in the Brazilian Cerrado. A randomized block experimental design with six treatments and three replications was used. The cover crops (treatments) were: fallow, Panicum maximum, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Brachiaria brizantha, and millet (Pennisetum glaucum). An additional treatment, fallow plus CTS, was included as a control. Soil samples were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m after the second rice harvest. The treatments under the NTS led to greater stability in the soil aggregates (ranging from 86.33 to 95.37 %) than fallow plus CTS (ranging from 74.62 to 85.94 %). Fallow plus CTS showed the highest number of aggregates smaller than 2 mm. The cover crops affected soil bulk density differently, and the millet treatment in the NTS had the lowest values. The cover crops without incorporation provided the greatest accumulation of TOC in the soil surface layers. The TOC concentration was positively correlated with the aggregate stability index in all layers and negatively correlated with bulk density in the 0.00-0.10 m layer.

scholarly journals Productivity and quality of melon cultivated in a protected environment under different soil managements

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo P Lima ◽  
Mariana R Fontenelle ◽  
Gabriela R Ligoski ◽  
Nuno R Madeira ◽  
Valter R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation

ABSTRACT The need to adapt agricultural crops to climate change and to develop more sustainable cultivation systems has been a major challenge for agriculture. In this study the effects of soil conservation practices were evaluated on production aspects of melon (Cucumis melo), cultivar BRS Araguaia, cultivated in a greenhouse under soil and climatic conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. The adopted experimental design was of randomized blocks with three treatments (soil managements) and six replicates. We evaluated the following soil management systems: no-tillage (PD), minimum tillage (CM) and conventional tillage (PC) in two cycles. Increases in commercial productivity and average number of marketable fruits were observed for PD (61.5 and 61.2 t/ha; 56,000 and 44,300 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively) and CM (59.7 and 57.5 t/ha; 55,700 and 42,400 fruits/ha in the first and second cycles, respectively). No effects of management systems on fruit quality were observed. PD and CM were effective in increasing the melon production under evaluated conditions.

scholarly journals Quantification of soil microorganisms under several cover crops managed with no-tillage system for fifteen years in the Brazilian Cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1515
Author(s):  
Gabrielly Isaac Rodrigues ◽  
◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽  
Alyne Dantas Mendes de Paula ◽  
Diego Tolentino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Tillage System

scholarly journals Cover crops and herbicide timing management on soybean yield under no-tillage system

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Herbicide Timing

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of cover crops and timing of pre-emergence herbicide applications on soybean yield under no-tillage system. The experiment consisted of four cover crops (Panicum maximum, Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet) and fallow, in addition to four herbicide timings (30, 20, 10, and 0 days before soybean sowing), under no-tillage system (NTS), and of two control treatments under conventional tillage system (CTS). The experimental design was a completely randomized block, in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Soybean under fallow, P. maximum, U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, and pearl millet in the NTS and soybean under U. brizantha in the CTS did not differ significantly regarding yield. Soybean under fallow in the CTS significantly reduced yield when compared to the other treatments. The amount of straw on soil surface did not significantly affect soybean yield. Chemical management of P. maximum and U. brizantha near the soybean sowing date causes significant damage in soybean yield. However, herbicide timing in fallow, U. ruziziensis, and pearl millet does not affect soybean yield.

scholarly journals Response of soil fungi and biological processes to crop residues in no-tillage system

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
João Kluthcouski ◽  
Murillo Lobo Junior
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Quotient ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Quality Indicators ◽  
Soilborne Fungi ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation can directly affect the soil microbial community. This study aimed at determining soil quality indicators and soilborne fungi in a no-tillage system. A randomized blocks design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, was used. Three cover crops (palisade grass, millet and common bean) provided straw and root residues to the following crops of corn and soybean. The common bean-soybean sequence provided little soil covering and higher metabolic quotient and soil basal respiration and total enzymatic activity, as well as a general increase of soilborne fungi. The principal component analysis revealed that 76.61 % of the variance can be explained by the three first components, with cover crops, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient regarded as the main qualitative and quantitative sources of variance in the first component. Carbon from the microbial biomass was the soil quality indicator best correlated to crop yield and negatively correlated to Fusarium solani density. The Rhizoctonia solani population was correlated with higher metabolic quotient and soil total enzymatic activity and basal respiration. The palisade grass crop favored soil fungistasis and enhancement of antagonist Trichoderma spp. populations. The multivariate approach demonstrated the association of soil fungi with soil quality indicators, as well as a higher influence of cover crops on the variance observed, in comparison to cash crops.

Effect of the ridge tillage system on some selected soil physical properties in a maize monoculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. László ◽  
C. Gyuricza
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Within the framework of cooperation between Szent István University and the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, a soil cultivation experiment in a maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture was set up for the first time in Austria near Pyhra (Lower Austria) in 1996. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ridge tillage (RT) in comparison with conventional mouldboard ploughing in autumn (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on the penetration resistance (PR), soil bulk density (BD) and porosity (P) of sandy loam soil (Typic Agriudoll). Analyses were made for each treatment and for different parts of the ridge (top and side of the ridge, and interrow) in 1998, 2000 and 2002. The average PR and BD values were greatest in the no-tillage plot, being 3.42 MPa and 1.56 g·cm-3, respectively. After six years, ridge tillage resulted in lower penetration resistance and bulk density values in the upper 20 cm than conventional tillage and no-tillage. Ridge tillage appears capable of reducing compaction in this soil. It can be concluded from the results that ridge tillage is capable of maintaining and improving favourable physical conditions in the soil.

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