scholarly journals Acute stress disorder and defense mechanisms: a study of physical trauma patients admitted to an emergency hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Rosane Moreira Santana ◽  
Cleonice Zatti ◽  
Mariana Lunardi Spader ◽  
Bibiana Godoi Malgarim ◽  
Emílio Salle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Passive Aggression

Abstract Introduction: Acute stress disorder (ASD) encompasses a set of symptoms that can arise in individuals after exposure to a traumatic event. This study assessed the defense mechanisms used by victims of physical trauma who developed ASD. Method: This was a controlled cross-sectional study of 146 patients who suffered physical trauma and required hospitalization. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate ASD symptoms based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, in addition to the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: Ten participants (6.85%) received a positive diagnosis of ASD, and 136, (93.15%) a negative diagnosis. The majority of the sample consisted of men with median age ranging from 33.50 to 35.50. The most prevalent defense mechanisms among the 10 patients with ASD were cancellation and devaluation, which belong to the neurotic and immature factors, respectively. Positive associations between the presence of symptoms from criterion B of the DSM-5 and defense mechanisms from the DSQ were found. These included the mechanisms of undoing, projection, passive aggression, acting out, autistic fantasy, displacement, and somatization. Conclusion: Patients with ASD employed different defense mechanisms such as undoing and devaluation when compared to patients not diagnosed with ASD. These results mark the importance of early detection of ASD symptoms at a preventative level, thereby creating new possibilities for avoiding exacerbations related to the trauma, which represents an important advance in terms of public health.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Early Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Acute Stress Disorder in Mexican Earthquake Victims

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Durón-Figueroa ◽  
Georgina Cárdenas-López ◽  
Soledad Quero
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Acute stress disorder (ASD) refers to the symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the first four weeks following the traumatic event. Recent theoretical models suggest that early detection of ASD provides an opportunity to implement early interventions to prevent the development of PTSD or ameliorate its symptomatology. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the efficacy of an ASD treatment for earthquake victims, which would serve as an early intervention for PTSD. A single-case (n = 1) quasi-experimental design was used, with pre and post-assessments, as well as one, three and six-month follow-ups, with direct treatment replications. Fourteen participants completed the treatment and the follow-up measurements. The results obtained using a single-case analysis showed significant clinical improvement and clinically significant change when employing a clinical significance analysis and the reliable index of change. Statistical analyses of the dataset displayed statistically significant differences between the pre and post-assessments and the follow-up measures, as well as large effect sizes in all clinical measures. These results suggest that the treatment was an efficacious early intervention for PTSD during the months following the traumatic event, although some relevant study limitations are discussed in the text.

scholarly journals Neural therapy approach in a hospitalized patient with acute stress disorder. Case report

Case reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Alba Fernanda Ruiz-Mejía ◽  
Eduardo Humberto Beltrán-Dussán ◽  
Leonardo Alfonso Morales-Hernandez ◽  
Laura Bibiana Pinilla-Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Neural Therapy ◽  
Therapy Approach

Introduction: Acute stress disorder is a picture of rapid onset that follows a traumatic event. It is characterized by dissociative, intrusive, avoidance and activation symptoms that affect the quality of life of the patient. To date, there is no evidence of a relationship between altered organ function and this disorder, and there is no literature on its treatment with neural therapy on an inpatient basis.Case presentation: 53-year-old woman, who developed symptoms compatible with acute stress disorder after the resection of an intra- abdominal mass diagnosed as lymphoma. The patient was assessed by the neural therapy department, which applied procaine into specific skin zones —determined by the clinical history and physical examination—, with improvement of dissociated symptoms.Discussion: The neural therapy approach allowed identifying the relationship between the dissociative symptoms of the patient and the associated alteration in organ function, as well as applying a therapy that led to the resolution of the symptoms.Conclusions: The neural therapy approach allows for a comprehensive perspective and treatment of the patient, taking into account the close functional relationship between mindemotions- body. This type of treatment also offers therapeutic strategies to hospitals, which can accompany the treatment established by other health specialists.

scholarly journals Confronting Trauma's Early Aftermath and the Risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-586
Author(s):  
Ehud Klein
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychological Resources

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-defined clinical syndrome that develops in individuals who have witnessed or been exposed to an event that involves a direct threat to life or physical and/or psychological integrity.While numerous studies indicate that PTSD will develop in 15% to 25% of trauma victims, time-limited responses develop in a larger portion of victims during the first 48–72 hours (acute stress reaction) and to a lesser extent over the first 4 weeks (acute stress disorder). Many of those who suffer from acute posttraumatic symptoms eventually recover and overcome the consequences of the traumatic event. However, ∼30% to 50% of those with acute stress disorder will eventually develop PTSD. It is obvious that some individuals are vulnerable to the adverse effects of trauma while others have neurobiological and psychological resources that make them resilient to the long-term impact of traumatic exposure. The identification of risk factors and early predictors for PTSD is thus of major importance for identifying those at risk and for initiating therapeutic interventions aimed to reduce long-term morbidity and suffering.

scholarly journals Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate trainees: a cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138364
Author(s):  
Nazish Imran ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Umar Masood ◽  
Maryam Ayub ◽  
Khalid Masood Gondal
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

BackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate psychological impact of COVID-19 outbreak on postgraduate trainees in Pakistan by quantifying the symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress disorder and by analysing potential risk factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 10,178 postgraduate trainees following COVID-19 outbreak through e-log system of College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan. The nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire were used to collect data. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, the χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were performed. The significance level was set at α=0.05.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety disorder and acute stress disorder were 26.4%, 22.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Female postgraduate trainees, senior trainees and front-line workers reported experiencing more anxiety, depression and acute stress symptoms (p value<0.001). Logistic regression showed that being a front-line and senior staff member and female was associated with higher risk of experiencing symptoms of depression, anxiety and acute stress.ConclusionsOur study findings raise concerns about the psychological well-being of postgraduate trainees during the acute COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress and provide adequate psychosocial support for postgraduate trainees during crisis situation such as COVID-19 pandemic.

A Comparison of the Capacity of DSM-IV] and DSM-5] Acute Stress Disorder Definitions to Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Related Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (04) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Bryant ◽  
Mark Creamer ◽  
Meaghan O’Donnell ◽  
Derrick Silove ◽  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Classification of Acute Stress Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacKenzie A. Sayer ◽  
Sarah Ostrowski-Delahanty ◽  
Maria L. Pacella-LaBarbara ◽  
Douglas L. Delahanty
Keyword(s):  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv

The diagnosis of acute stress disorder (ASD) was originally introduced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to identify survivors soon after a trauma who were likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, despite demonstrating acceptable predictive power, subsequent research often failed to display high rates of sensitivity or specificity for ASD predicting PTSD. This led researchers to question the utility of the diagnosis and ultimately led to a revision of the diagnosis in the fifth edition of DSM. The updated ASD diagnosis was intended to primarily promote access to healthcare services following a traumatic event, and symptoms were not selected with the aim of predicting likelihood of one developing PTSD. Ultimately, the DSM-5 ASD criteria align more closely with PTSD symptoms without an emphasis on dissociative symptoms (as was true of the DSM-IV). This chapter summarizes the development of the ASD criteria/diagnosis and evaluates the utility of the reconceptualized diagnosis for both clinicians and researchers.

Acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 6506-6509
Author(s):  
Jonathan I. Bisson
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder are all psychiatric consequences of traumatic experiences. Because trauma is so common in medical practice, in the form of accidents, severe illness, and sometimes medical and surgical treatments, these disorders are commonly seen by physicians. An initial severe reaction to a traumatic event such as severe accident is an acute stress disorder and is commonly characterized by dissociation. A more long-lasting emotional reaction to ongoing stress such as a new diagnosis of life-threatening illness is termed an adjustment disorder. An often longer-lasting and more severe psychological reaction associated with repeated mental re-experiencing of the traumatic event is called post-traumatic stress disorder. These trauma-related disorders are not only an important cause of suffering but may also complicate medical care, hence they require recognition and appropriate treatment.

Exploring DSM-5 criterion A in Acute Stress Disorder symptoms following natural disaster

2017 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 458-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osnat Lavenda ◽  
Ephraim S. Grossman ◽  
Menachem Ben-Ezra ◽  
Yaakov Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Acute Stress Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A
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