Analysis of the linguistic profile in down syndrome using the arizona battery for communication disorders of dementia – a pilot study

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the linguistic profile of adults and elderly with Down Syndrome (DS) using the Arizona Battery for Communication Disorders of Dementia (ABCD). Methods Thirty adult individuals with DS were evaluated through the MoCA cognitive battery, four functional scales (Pfeffer, Lawton-IADL, Katz-IADL and IQCODE) and the ABCD battery, which evaluates Mental State, Episodic Memory, Linguistic Expression, Linguistic Comprehension and Visuospatial Construction. The scores obtained by the individuals in the ABCD were correlated to those obtained on the Lawton-IADL scale. Results Individuals with DS had significantly lower performance than cognitively normal adults and elderly as described in Brazilian studies. Due to the lack of similar studies in our country, we compared our results to those of elderly with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), verifying that the performance of the DS population is similar to that of AD patients, although the former presented better scores on episodic immediate memory tests. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores obtained in the Lawton-IADL and those on the constructs Mental State, Episodic Memory, Linguistic Comprehension and Total ABCD. Conclusion The ABCD battery is a useful tool in the evaluation of adults and elderly with DS and the performance of individuals in this battery correlates with indices of functionality. This is a pioneer study in Brazil, and it points to the need for a better characterization of the linguistic abilities of individuals with DS, in order to allow the elaboration of strategies that stimulate their communicative abilities as to promote greater social insertion for this population.

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Positive Arousal Enhances the Consolidation of Item Memory

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000151 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 91-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Wang

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Consolidation ◽

Source Memory ◽

Emotional Arousal ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Memory Test ◽

Learning Phase ◽

Item Memory ◽

Memory Tests ◽

Immediate Memory

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.

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Relations between maternal mental state language and joint attention of typically-developing infants and infants with down syndrome

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e579192013-293 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

M. Legerstee ◽

G. Markova ◽

B. Small

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Joint Attention ◽

Mental State ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Mental State Language ◽

State Language

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Molecular characterization of lincRNAs in Down syndrome associated leukemia

Klinische Pädiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1310469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 224 (03) ◽

Author(s):

A Streltsov ◽

S Emmrich ◽

F Engeland ◽

JH Klusmann

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Molecular Characterization

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Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Homologs of the Down Syndrome Candidate Gene DYRK1A

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/163.2.571 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 163 (2) ◽

pp. 571-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William B Raich ◽

Celine Moorman ◽

Clay O Lacefield ◽

Jonah Lehrer ◽

Dusan Bartsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Trisomy 21 ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Inducible Promoters ◽

C Elegans ◽

Dual Specificity ◽

Specificity Protein

Abstract The pathology of trisomy 21/Down syndrome includes cognitive and memory deficits. Increased expression of the dual-specificity protein kinase DYRK1A kinase (DYRK1A) appears to play a significant role in the neuropathology of Down syndrome. To shed light on the cellular role of DYRK1A and related genes we identified three DYRK/minibrain-like genes in the genome sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans, termed mbk-1, mbk-2, and hpk-1. We found these genes to be widely expressed and to localize to distinct subcellular compartments. We isolated deletion alleles in all three genes and show that loss of mbk-1, the gene most closely related to DYRK1A, causes no obvious defects, while another gene, mbk-2, is essential for viability. The overexpression of DYRK1A in Down syndrome led us to examine the effects of overexpression of its C. elegans ortholog mbk-1. We found that animals containing additional copies of the mbk-1 gene display behavioral defects in chemotaxis toward volatile chemoattractants and that the extent of these defects correlates with mbk-1 gene dosage. Using tissue-specific and inducible promoters, we show that additional copies of mbk-1 can impair olfaction cell-autonomously in mature, fully differentiated neurons and that this impairment is reversible. Our results suggest that increased gene dosage of human DYRK1A in trisomy 21 may disrupt the function of fully differentiated neurons and that this disruption is reversible.

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VAMP-2 is a surrogate cerebrospinal fluid marker of Alzheimer-related cognitive impairment in adults with Down syndrome

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-021-00861-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Lleó ◽

Maria Carmona-Iragui ◽

Laura Videla ◽

Susana Fernández ◽

Bessy Benejam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Synaptic Proteins ◽

Selected Reaction Monitoring ◽

Synaptic Protein ◽

Csf Levels ◽

Syntaxin 1B

Abstract Background There is an urgent need for objective markers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related cognitive impairment in people with Down syndrome (DS) to improve diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and assess response to disease-modifying therapies. Previously, GluA4 and neuronal pentraxin 2 (NPTX2) showed limited potential as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of cognitive impairment in adults with DS. Here, we compare the CSF profile of a panel of synaptic proteins (Calsyntenin-1, Neuroligin-2, Neurexin-2A, Neurexin-3A, Syntaxin-1B, Thy-1, VAMP-2) to that of NPTX2 and GluA4 in a large cohort of subjects with DS across the preclinical and clinical AD continuum and explore their correlation with cognitive impairment. Methods We quantified the synaptic panel proteins by selected reaction monitoring in CSF from 20 non-trisomic cognitively normal controls (mean age 44) and 80 adults with DS grouped according to clinical AD diagnosis (asymptomatic, prodromal AD or AD dementia). We used regression analyses to determine CSF changes across the AD continuum and explored correlations with age, global cognitive performance (CAMCOG), episodic memory (modified cued-recall test; mCRT) and CSF biomarkers, CSF Aβ42:40 ratio, CSF Aβ1-42, CSF p-tau, and CSF NFL. P values were adjusted for multiple testing. Results In adults with DS, VAMP-2 was the only synaptic protein to correlate with episodic memory (delayed recall adj.p = .04) and age (adj.p = .0008) and was the best correlate of CSF Aβ42:40 (adj.p = .0001), p-tau (adj.p < .0001), and NFL (adj.p < .0001). Compared to controls, mean VAMP-2 levels were lower in asymptomatic adults with DS only (adj.p = .02). CSF levels of Neurexin-3A, Thy-1, Neurexin-2A, Calysntenin-1, Neuroligin-2, GluA4, and Syntaxin-1B all strongly correlated with NPTX2 (p < .0001), which was the only synaptic protein to show reduced CSF levels in DS at all AD stages compared to controls (adj.p < .002). Conclusion These data show proof-of-concept for CSF VAMP-2 as a potential marker of synapse degeneration that correlates with CSF AD and axonal degeneration markers and cognitive performance.

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Characterization of the anterior cingulate's role in the at-risk mental state using graph theory

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.012 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 1531-1539 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Louis-David Lord ◽

Paul Allen ◽

Paul Expert ◽

Oliver Howes ◽

Renaud Lambiotte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Graph Theory ◽

Mental State ◽

At Risk Mental State

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THE LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF LINGUISTIC THEORY: البنية المنطقية للنظرية اللسانية: ستيفن ر. أندرسون، جامعة ييل

Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences - مجلة العلوم الإنسانية و الإجتماعية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.r090521 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 112-90

Author(s):

Ranya Ahmed Rashid Shaheen, Abdelrahman Mudawi Abdelrahim Al Ranya Ahmed Rashid Shaheen, Abdelrahman Mudawi Abdelrahim Al

Keyword(s):

Natural Language ◽

Logical Structure ◽

Linguistic Theory ◽

Baldwin Effect ◽

Language Faculty ◽

Human Ability ◽

External Forces ◽

The Baldwin Effect ◽

Communicative Abilities

The object of inquiry in Linguistics is the human ability to acquire and use a natural language, and the goal of linguistic theory is an explicit characterization of that ability. Looking at the communicative abilities of other species, it becomes clear that our linguistic ability is specific to our species, undoubtedly a product of our biology. But how do we go about determining the specifics of this Language faculty? _here are two primary ways in which we infer the nature of Language from the properties of individual languages: arguments from the Poverty of the Stimulus, and the search for universals that characterize every natural language. Arguments of the first sort are not easy to construct (though not as difficult as sometimes suggested), and apply only to a tiny part of Language as a whole. Arguments from universals or typological generalizations are also quite problematic. In phonology, morphology, and syntax, factors of historical development, functional underpinnings, limitations of the learning situation, among others conspire to compromise the explanatory value of arguments from observed cross-linguistic regularities. Confounding the situation is the likelihood that properties found across languages as a consequence of such external forces have been incorporated into the Language faculty evolutionarily through the ‘Baldwin Effect.’ _e conflict between the biologically based specificity of the human Language faculty and the difficulty of establishing most of its properties in a secure way cannot, however, be avoided by ignoring or denying the reality of either of its poles.

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