Association between fat taste sensitivity and diet quality in healthy male Turkish adults

Abstract Objectives Taste perception (sensitivity) may be determined by genetic variations in taste receptors and it affects food intake. Lower fat taste sensitivity is associated with higher dietary fat intake and body mass index (BMI). Recently, associations between bitter and fat taste sensitivity have been reported whereby bitter taste perception may be involved in textural perception of dietary fat. However, it is not clear if lower sensitivity to bitter taste would lead to an actual higher fat intake. Our objectives were to explore the associations between haplotypes in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R38, bitter taste sensitivity and fat intake and if bitter taste sensitivity is lower in individuals with higher BMI. Methods Ethical approval was obtained from the St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University Ethics Committee. Eighty-eight healthy Caucasian participants (44% male and 56% female; mean BMI 24.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2 and mean age 35 ± 14 years) completed this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured and genotyping performed for rs713598, rs1726866, rs10246939 genetic variants in the TAS2R38. Haplotypes were determined with Haploview software. Participants rated the intensity of a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) impregnated strip on the general Labelled Magnitude Scale (gLMS) to determine bitter taste sensitivity and were classified as bitter tasters and non-tasters. Dietary fat intake was calculated from the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire and expressed as % total energy intake. Results TAS2R38 haplotypes were associated with bitter taster status (P < 0.005). PTC ratings of intensity were negatively correlated with % saturated fat (SFA) intake (rs = −0.256, P = 0.016). %SFA and %total fat (rs = 0.656, P < 0.005) and %total fat and energy intake (kcal) (rs = 0.225, P = 0.035) were positively correlated. Normal weight participants rated PTC strips as more intense compared to overweight and obese participants (mean rank 53 vs. 41, P = 0.033). Conclusions Bitter taste perception is determined by genetics and lower sensitivity to this taste is associated with higher intake of SFA. Lower bitter taste sensitivity in overweight/obese participants suggests that impaired bitter taste may be associated with an overall unhealthier and more energy dense dietary pattern. Funding Sources St Mary's and Oxford Brookes University.

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Taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide found in South Sinai Bedouin tribes

Collegium Antropologicum ◽

10.5671/ca.45.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 25-30

Author(s):

Anna Chumakova ◽

Leonid Kalichman ◽

Eugene Kobyliansky

Keyword(s):

Allele Frequency ◽

Genetic Drift ◽

High Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

South Sinai ◽

Very High ◽

Jewish Populations

The aim of this work was to study taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) amongst Bedouin tribes and compare the Bedouins with Arab and Jewish populations. Data obtained by the classic method of serial dilutions in 317 healthy male Bedouins, aged 16–70 belonging to different tribes, were examined. We discovered significant differences in chemosensitivity to PTC in the Bedouin communities. A high frequency of the t allele was documented in the Bedouin tribes of Hamada, Muzeina, and “other Bedouins” and a relatively low level of the t allele frequency in the Gebelia tribe. The frequencies of non-tasters amongst Arab groups were similar in values to those of the Gebelia tribe. Three other Bedouin tribes showed very high values for the non-tasters’ frequencies. The revealed intertribal differences can be explained by the genetic drift in isolated populations, on the other hand, this may be the result of endogamy.

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07 / The fat taste sensitivity and its role in food intake: a randomized controlled study

10.26226/morressier.5b1a467d3b823805c63bffb2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Elif Esra Ozturk Duran ◽

Derya Dikmen

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Randomized Controlled Study ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Fat Taste

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Effect of dietary fat intake and genetics on fat taste sensitivity: a co-twin randomized controlled trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 683-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Andrew Costanzo ◽

Caryl Nowson ◽

Liliana Orellana ◽

Dieuwerke Bolhuis ◽

Konsta Duesing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Fat Taste

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Dietary fat restriction increases fat taste sensitivity in people with obesity

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21357 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 328-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Lisa P. Newman ◽

Dieuwerke P. Bolhuis ◽

Susan J. Torres ◽

Russell S.J. Keast

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fat ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Fat Taste

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Genetic differences in fat taste sensitivity and dietary intake in a UK female cohort

Food Quality and Preference ◽

10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 104202

Author(s):

Catherine A.M. Graham ◽

Leta Pilic ◽

Alexandra King ◽

Jonathan E. Nixon ◽

Julie Pipe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Genetic Differences ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Fat Taste ◽

Female Cohort

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The Association between Fat Taste Sensitivity, Eating Habits, and Metabolic Health in Menopausal Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4506

Author(s):

Aleksandra Skoczek-Rubińska ◽

Agata Chmurzynska ◽

Agata Muzsik-Kazimierska ◽

Joanna Bajerska

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Acid Sensitivity ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Postmenopausal Status ◽

Fat Taste ◽

Eating Occasions

The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations between sensitivity to fat taste, eating habits and BMI value in a sample of menopausal Polish women. In a population of 95 women, fat taste thresholds with oleic acid were determined, allowing us to classify each woman as a hypersensitive or hyposensitive taster. Eating habits were assessed using a validated KomPAN questionnaire for food frequency. Dietary intake was evaluated based on a food diary. Selected biochemical parameters were measured using a Konelab20i biochemical analyzer. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were also measured. Twenty-two menopausal women were classified as hyposensitive to fat taste and 73 as hypersensitive. The hyposensitive tasters were significantly older (p = 0.006), with the majority of them (92%) being postmenopausal (p < 0.001); this group had significantly higher BMI values (p < 0.001) and other adiposity indicators compared to their hypersensitive counterparts. The hyposensitive tasters had higher blood pressure (systolic blood pressure; SBP p = 0.030; diastolic blood pressure; DBP p = 0.003), glucose (p = 0.011) and triacylglycerols levels than the hypersensitive tasters (p = 0.031). Almost half of them had diagnosed metabolic syndrome. Daily eating occasions were associated with low oral fatty acid sensitivity, irrespective of age (p = 0.041) and BMI value (p = 0.028). There were also significant associations between frequency of consumption of meats and eggs, as well as snacks and fast foods and low oral fatty acid sensitivity before adjustment for potential confounders (both associations p < 0.05), which remained after adjustment for age (both associations p < 0.05), but not after adjustment for BMI. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher BMI value (p = 0.003), along with postmenopausal status (p = 0.003), were associated with low fat taste sensitivity irrespective of age and consumed percentage energy from fat. Postmenopausal status and BMI are associated with low fat taste sensitivity. Fat hyposensitivity may also play a role in eating habits, leading to increased eating occasions and favoring certain types of food. These eating habits may determine increased body weight and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in mid-life women, especially those who have undergone menopause and have been exposed to the physiological changes which are conducive to these relationships.

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Fat Taste Sensitivity Is Associated with Short-Term and Habitual Fat Intake

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu9070781 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 781 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrew Costanzo ◽

Liliana Orellana ◽

Caryl Nowson ◽

Konsta Duesing ◽

Russell Keast

Keyword(s):

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Short Term ◽

Fat Taste

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A Fatty Acid Mouth Rinse Decreases Self-Reported Hunger and Increases Self-Reported Fullness in Healthy Australian Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Andrew Costanzo ◽

Catherine G. Russell ◽

Simone Lewin ◽

Russell Keast

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Taste Sensitivity ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Satiety Response ◽

Fat Taste

Fatty acid (FA) chemoreception in the oral cavity, known as fat taste, may trigger a satiety response that is homologous to FA chemoreception in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, individuals with an impaired fat taste sensitivity are more likely to have an impaired satiety response. This study aimed to assess the effect of an FA mouth rinse on self-reported appetite, and to determine if the effect is modified by fat taste sensitivity. Thirty-one participants (age, 32.0 ± 8.4 y; body mass index (BMI), 26.1 ± 8.1 kg/m2) were studied on four separate days to evaluate the effect of a 20 mM oleic acid (OA) mouth rinse (in duplicate) compared to a control (in duplicate) on self-reported appetite by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) every 30 min for three hours following a standardized low-fat breakfast. The area under the curve ratings for fullness were greater (p = 0.003), and those for hunger were lower (p = 0.002) following the OA rinse compared to the control. The effect of the OA rinse was greater in individuals who were hypersensitive to fat taste compared to moderately sensitive and hyposensitive individuals for fullness (p < 0.010) and hunger (p < 0.010) ratings. In summary, an OA mouth rinse decreases self-reported hunger and increases self-reported fullness, particularly in those who are more sensitive to fat taste. FA receptors in the oral cavity may be potential targets to regulate appetite.

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