scholarly journals Extraneural metastases in medulloblastoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
V M F Muoio ◽  
S O Shinjo ◽  
H Matushita ◽  
S Rosemberg ◽  
M J Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Invasive Growth ◽  
Extraneural Metastases

Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood malignant tumor of central nervous system, but it may also occur in adults. It presents high invasive growth with spreading of tumor cells into the leptomeningeal space along the neuroaxis early in the course of the disease. Extraneural metastases are rare but frequently lethal, occurring only in 1 to 5% of patients, and are related, in the most of cases, to the presence of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Here we characterize the clinical profile of five cases of medulloblastoma with systemic spreading of tumor cells, also comparing them to cases already described in the literature.

scholarly journals The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Shengchao Xu ◽  
Zhixiong Liu ◽  
Quan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Stem Cells ◽  
Resistance To Therapy ◽  
Basic Characteristics

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most malignant tumor occurring in the human central nervous system with overall median survival time <14.6 months. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy cannot reach an optimal remission since tumor resistance to therapy remains a challenge. Glioblastoma stem cells are considered to be responsible for tumor resistance in treating glioblastoma. Previous studies reported two subtypes, proneural and mesenchymal, of glioblastoma stem cells manifesting different sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells, as well as tumor cells generate from which, showed resistance to radiochemotherapies. Besides, two metabolic patterns, glutamine or glucose dependent, of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells also manifested different sensitivity to radiochemotherapies. Glutamine dependent mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells are more sensitive to radiotherapy than glucose-dependent ones. Therefore, the transition between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, or between glutamine-dependent and glucose-dependent, might lead to tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. Moreover, neural stem cells were also hypothesized to participate in glioblastoma stem cells mediated tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics, adaptive transition and implications of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma therapy.

Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Metastatic to the Pancreas: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
John Vollmerhausen ◽  
Joel White ◽  
Michael D. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Extraneural Metastases ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Multidrug Chemotherapy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Weiss Criteria

Abstract A case is reported in which a desmoplastic medulloblastoma metastasized to the pancreas and to the surrounding soft tissues but did not recur locally or disseminate within the central nervous system. Multidrug chemotherapy and local radiation therapy resulted in a complete remission. In all four previously reported cases of medulloblastoma metastasizing to the pancreas, the diagnosis was not made until the postmortem examination, and all of these patients also had extensive metastases in other organ systems. Modification of the Weiss criteria defining extraneural metastases from tumors of the central nervous system is suggested.

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