Impact on human health of particulate matter emitted from burnings in the Brazilian Amazon region

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact on human health of exposure to particulate matter emitted from burnings in the Brazilian Amazon region. METHODS: This was an ecological study using an environmental exposure indicator presented as the percentage of annual hours (AH%) of PM2.5 above 80 μg/m3. The outcome variables were the rates of hospitalization due to respiratory disease among children, the elderly and the intermediate age group, and due to childbirth. Data were obtained from the National Space Research Institute and the Ministry of Health for all of the microregions of the Brazilian Amazon region, for the years 2004 and 2005. Multiple regression models for the outcome variables in relation to the predictive variable AH% of PM2.5 above 80 μg/m3 were analyzed. The Human Development Index (HDI) and mean number of complete blood counts per 100 inhabitants in the Brazilian Amazon region were the control variables in the regression analyses. RESULTS: The association of the exposure indicator (AH%) was higher for the elderly than for other age groups (β = 0.10). For each 1% increase in the exposure indicator there was an increase of 8% in child hospitalization, 10% in hospitalization of the elderly, and 5% for the intermediate age group, even after controlling for HDI and mean number of complete blood counts. No association was found between the AH% and hospitalization due to childbirth. CONCLUSIONS: The indicator of atmospheric pollution showed an association with occurrences of respiratory diseases in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in the more vulnerable age groups. This indicator may be used to assess the effects of forest burning on human health.

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Genotoxicity and composition of particulate matter from biomass burning in the eastern Brazilian Amazon region

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 1427-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Nilmara de Oliveira Alves ◽

Ana Lúcia Matos Loureiro ◽

Fernando Cavalcante dos Santos ◽

Kátia Halter Nascimento ◽

Rivanildo Dallacort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

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Analysis genotoxic and composition of organic particulate matter from biomass burning in Alta Floresta, a Brazilian Amazon region

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.362 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. S99-S100

Author(s):

N. Alves ◽

M.F. Galvão ◽

P. Artaxo ◽

A.L. Loureiro ◽

P. Vasconcellos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Organic Particulate Matter ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

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Genotoxicity, quantification and composition of particulate matter from biomass burning in the eastern Brazilian Amazon region

Toxicology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.363 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 205 ◽

pp. S100

Author(s):

N. Alves ◽

S. Batistuzzo ◽

P. Artaxo ◽

A.L. Loureiro ◽

P. Vasconcellos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

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Surgical Site Infection Following Caesarean Section by Acinetobacter Species: A Report from a Hyperendemic Setting in the Brazilian Amazon Region

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 743

Author(s):

Blenda Gonçalves Cabral ◽

Danielle Murici Brasiliense ◽

Ismari Perini Furlaneto ◽

Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽

Karla Valéria Batista Lima

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Site Infection ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

The Impact

Surgical site infection (SSI) following caesarean section is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and significant health care costs. This study evaluated the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of Acinetobacter spp. in women with SSIs who have undergone caesarean section at a referral hospital in the Brazilian Amazon region. This study included 69 women with post-caesarean SSI by Acinetobacter spp. admitted to the hospital between January 2012 and May 2015. The 69 Acinetobacter isolates were subjected to molecular species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of carbapenemase-encoding genes, and genotyping. The main complications of post-caesarean SSI by Acinetobacter were inadequate and prolonged antibiotic therapy, sepsis, prolonged hospitalization, and re-suture procedures. A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis and A. colistiniresistens species were identified among the isolates. Carbapenem resistance was associated with OXA-23-producing A. baumannii isolates and IMP-1-producing A. nosocomialis isolate. Patients with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infection showed worse clinical courses. Dissemination of persistent epidemic clones was observed, and the main clonal complexes (CC) for A. baumannii were CC231 and CC236 (Oxford scheme) and CC1 and CC15 (Pasteur scheme). This is the first report of a long-term Acinetobacter spp. outbreak in women who underwent caesarean section at a Brazilian hospital. This study demonstrates the impact of multidrug resistance on the clinical course of post-caesarean infections.

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Hip fractures among the elderly in Kyoto, Japan: a 10-year study

Archives of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1007/s11657-021-00888-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maki Asada ◽

Motoyuki Horii ◽

Kazuya Ikoma ◽

Tsuyoshi Goto ◽

Naoki Okubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Acute Care ◽

Hip Fractures ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Femoral Neck Fractures ◽

Age Group ◽

Trochanteric Fractures

Abstract Summary In Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, the number of hip fractures increased during 2013–2017 compared to 2008–2012. However, the estimated overall incidence rate increased only in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85. Purpose The incidence rate of hip fractures in Japan has plateaued or decreased. We investigated the annual hip fracture occurrences in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, from 2008 to 2017. Methods Patients aged 65 years and above who sustained hip fractures between 2008 and 2017 and were treated at one of the participating 11 hospitals were included. The total number of beds in these institutions was 3701, accounting for 21.5% of the 17,242 acute-care beds in Kyoto Prefecture. The change in incidence rate was estimated utilizing the population according to the national census conducted in 2010 and 2015. Results The total number of hip fractures was 10,060, with 47.5% femoral neck fractures and 52.5% trochanteric fractures. A decrease in number was seen only in trochanteric fractures in the group of 75- to 84-year-old women. The population-adjusted numbers of femoral neck fractures showed a significant increase in all age groups in men, whereas in women, there was an increase in femoral neck fractures in the ≥85 group and trochanteric fractures in the age group 65–74, and a decrease in trochanteric fractures in the age group 75–84. The estimated change in incidence rate showed an increase in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85. Conclusion In Kyoto Prefecture, the number of hip fractures increased in the second half of the study period (2013–2017) compared to the first half (2008–2012). However, the incidence rate had not increased, except in femoral neck fractures in men aged ≥75 and women aged ≥85.

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Inadequate management of natural ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon region results in the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700025 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl) ◽

pp. S155-S164 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos ◽

Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽

Sueli G. Rodrigues ◽

Elizabeth S. Travassos da Rosa ◽

Nicolas Dégallier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Host Population ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region ◽

Mining Dam ◽

The Impact

A total of 187 different species of arboviruses and other viruses in vertebrates were identified at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) from 1954 to 1998, among more than 10,000 arbovirus strains isolated from humans, hematophagous insects, and wild and sentinel vertebrates. Despite intensive studies in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in Pará State, very little is known about most of these viruses, except for information on date, time, source, and method of isolation, as well as their capacity to infect laboratory animals. This paper reviews ecological and epidemiological data and analyzes the impact of vector and host population changes on various viruses as a result of profound changes in the natural environment. Deforestation, mining, dam and highway construction, human colonization, and urbanization were the main manmade environmental changes associated with the emergence and/or reemergence of relevant arboviruses, including some known pathogens for humans.

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