scholarly journals An outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis) in a periurban area of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil: clinical and epidemiological studies

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel P. Oliveira-Neto ◽  
Claude Pirmez ◽  
Elizabeth Rangel ◽  
Armando Schubach ◽  
Gabriel Grimaldi Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
The City

From July 1984 to September 1986, 105 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied in a locality closely situated to an urbanized area of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Settement in this area was established at least 20 years ago but the first cases were noted six months prior to the beginning of this study. Cases were almost exlusively cutaneous and ulcerated, with one to six months of evolution. Montenegro's skin tests were positive in all cases and anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence test in 74.3% of the patients. Parasites were demonstrated in 69.5% of cases. Domestic animals were easily found infected; 32% of the examined dogs and 30.8% of the examined equines were positive to the presence of Leishmania in cutaneous ulcerated lesions. Parasite isolates from human, dog andequines were immunologically characterized and identified as L. b. braziliensis. 73,0% of the sandfly population were Lutzomyia intermedia mainly caught on human baits and on domestic animals. Our observations suggest that this is an area of recent established L. b. braziliensis infection and that transmission probably occurs indoors or outdoors close to the houses.

Montenegro skin tests for American cutaneous leishmaniasis carried out on school children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An indicator of transmission risk

Acta Tropica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson J.S. Souza ◽  
Paulo C. Sabroza ◽  
Carlos S. Santos ◽  
Edilson de Sousa ◽  
Marcia F. Henrique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

scholarly journals Indirect immunofluorescence test in new world Leishmaniasis: serological and clinical relation-ship

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio C. F. Mendonça ◽  
Wilson J. S. Souza ◽  
Marise P. Nunes ◽  
Mauro C. A. Marzochi ◽  
Sergio G. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
New World ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test

The indirect immunofluorescence test (IF) for anti-Leishmania antibodies (IgC and IgM) was performed with sera form the following groups of individuals: 214 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, 28 healthy subjects with positive Montenegro's skin test (MST), 29 healthy subjects with negativeMST and 16 visceral leishmaniasis patients. The first four groups came from a suburban area of Rio de Janeiro (Jacarepaguá) where cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis is endemic. It was observed that IF-IgM titers were significantly higher amongst the cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with less than four months of disease as compared to those with longer periods and that IF-IgG titers were significantly higher in patients with multiple lesions as compared to those with single lesions. The visceral leishmaniasis patients had IF-IgG titers significantly higher than those from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. A group of 28 individuals selected amongst the 214 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients had their IF-titers (IgG and IgM) compared to those of the two control groups of healthy subjects from the endemic area, respectively with positive and negative MST. Significantly higher titers of IF-IgG and IF-IgM were found in the group with active disease. The same group of patients showed IF-IgG titers significantly lower at the end of the antimonial therapy than those observed during this tratment.

scholarly journals Indirect immunofluorescence(IgG and IgM) tests for toxoplasmosis on 203 persons, with no symptomatology suggesting the disease, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Serological follow up one to two years later.

1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-407
Author(s):  
Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira ◽  
Sergio Gomes Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Physical Sign ◽  
Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
One Year ◽  
The City

Clinical and serological follow up examinations were performed on 203 persons, from three to twenty years of age, from the otolaryngology department of a hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with no symptomatology suggesting toxoplasmosis, but suffering from chronic tonsillitis. According to results obtained during the first indirect immunofluorescence tests, the patients were divided into following groups: Group I (non-reactive IgG and IgM), 98 persons (48.3%); Group II (1:16 ≤ IgG ≤ 1:256 and non-reactive IgM), 74 persons (36.5%); Group III (IgM ≥ 1:1024 and non-reactive IgM), 18 persons (8.8%), and Group IV (IgG and IgM reactive), 13 persons (6.4%). One to two years later, 131 (64.5%) of the 203 persons were reexamined by a second indirect immunofluorescence test. In the case of 66 persons (Group I) whose serum was non-reactive in the IgG and IgM classes during the first indirect immunofluorescence test, serum conversion was observed in aproximately 21.2%. in 65 individuals (49.6%), (Groups II, III and IV),with reactive serum in the IgG classes during the first indirect immunofluorescence test, the second reaction showed an increase in titres in 20% of the cases, a decrease in 67.7% of the cases, or no alterations in 12.3 of the cases. In the IgM class, all 131 sera were non-reactive at 116 dilution the second immunofluorescence test, including the 13 cases that had previously been reactive in the immunoglobulin class, Symptomatology suggesting toxoplasmosis was only observed in one case during the second testing, this patient's principal physical sign being hypertrophied lymph nodes. during this period, the Toxoplasma antibodies showed titres of IgG 1:32000 and non-reactive IgM, whilst one year previously, during the first test, these titres were IgG 1:1024 and IgM 1:64. Differences in the age, sex and skin coloring of patients were not statistically significant as regards alterations in the indirect immunofluorescence test titres.

scholarly journals Study of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela: the role of domestic animals

1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Elio Fernandez ◽  
Reina de Fernandez ◽  
Leonidas M. Deane
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Sources Of Infection

During an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a locality (Las Rosas, Cojedes State, venezuela) previously non-endemic, 12.9% of humans, 7% of dogs and 21.4% of donkeys (Equus asinus) had lesions with paraites. The agent in the three hosts was identified as Leishmania braziliensis, subspecies braziliensis at least in man and donkey. The probable vector was Lutzomyia panamensis. No infection was found in a small sample of wild mammals examined. The outbreak was apparently linked with the importation of donkeys with ulcers, from endemic areas. The Authors call attention to the fact that not only in the foci of "uta", but also in areas of the other forms of American cutaneous leishmaniasis, dogs are frequently found infected. They emphasize the necessity of searching for the infection in donkeys and of performing hemocultures and xenodiagnosis with sandflies in human, canine and equine cases, to verify their possible role as sources of infection, and not merely as dead ends in the epidemiological chain of the disease.

scholarly journals Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis associated with domestic animals in Venezuela and Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Manuel Aguilar ◽  
Elizabeth F. Rangel ◽  
Leonardo Garcia ◽  
Elio Fernandez ◽  
Hooman Momen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

After outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Solano State, Venezuela, 5% of the population had parasitized ulcers while after similar outbreaks in Mesquita, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 9% had the disease. In these foci children, including some under six years of age, wre affected. There was no significant difference in the occurence of the disease according to sex or type of employment. In Solano, 3% of dogs and 28% of donkeys had parasitized lesions, while in Mesquita these indices were 19.8% and 30.8% respectively. The parasite from man, dogs and equines was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, by zymodeme and serodeme characterization. In these foci there is evidence suggesting that leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, possibly with equine and dogs as reservoirs, although both a wild enzootic cycle and the role of man as a source of infection can not be ruled out. Transmission is assumed to occur peridomestically by sandfly vectors such as Lutzomyia panamensis in Venezuela and Lutzomyia intermedia in Brazil. Information about the origin of these foci suggests that infected equines may be an important factor in the dissemination of the parasite in a peridomestic situation where these sandflies are abundant.

scholarly journals InfoDengue: a nowcasting system for the surveillance of dengue fever transmission

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia T Codeço ◽  
Oswaldo G Cruz ◽  
Thais I Riback ◽  
Carolin M Degener ◽  
Marcelo F Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Ethical Committee Approval ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Climate Time Series ◽  
The City

AbstractThis study describes the development of an integrated dengue alert system (InfoDengue), operating initially in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is a project developed as a partnership between academia and the municipal health secretariat. At the beginning of each epidemiological week, the system captures climate time series, dengue case reporting and activity on a social network. After data pre-processing, including a probabilistic correction of case notification delay, and calculation of dengue's effective reproductive number, indicators of dengue transmission are coded into four dengue situation levels, for each of the city's ten health districts. A risk map is generated to inform the public about the week's level of attention and the evolution of the disease incidence and suggest actions. A report is also sent automatically to the municipality's situation room, containing a detailed presentation of the data and alert levels by health district. The preliminary analysis of InfoDengue in Rio de Janeiro, using historical series from 2011 to 2014 and prospective data from January to December 2015, indicates good degree of confidence and accuracy. The successful experience in the city of Rio de Janeiro is a motivating argument for the expansion of InfoDengue to other cities. After a year in production, InfoDengue has become a unique source of carefully curated data for epidemiological studies, combining epidemological and environmental variables in unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions.Ethical committee approval: 26910214.7.0000.5240

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEY ON CANINE POPULATION WITH THE USE OF IMMUNOLEISH SKIN TEST IN ENDEMIC AREAS OF HUMAN AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gloria O. Barbosa Santos ◽  
Mauro Célio A. Marzochi ◽  
Nilton Francisco Conceição ◽  
Célia Maria M. Brito ◽  
Raquel S. Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
The State ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Positive Rate

A survey for canine tegumentary leishmaniasis (CTL) has been carried out between 1986 and 1993 in seven endemic localities for American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. 270 dogs have been examined for their clinical aspects, the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) with Immunoleish antigen and with immunofluorescent antibody research of IgG (IF). 28.2% of them had ulcer lesions and 3.3% had scars. The lesions consisted of single (39.5%) and mucocutaneous lesions (31.6%), multiple cutaneous (25.0%) and mucocutaneous lesions associated with cutaneous ulcers (4.0%). Twelve (15.8%) isolates from biopsies were analyzed by zimodeme and schizodeme and identified as L. (V.) braziliensis. The overall prevalence of canine infection that was evaluated with the skin test was of 40.5% and with IF it was of 25.5%. Both tests showed a high positive rate with relation to the animals with mucosal lesions, as in the case of human mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The comparison of the two tests showed the skin test to have a better performance although there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between them. The proportional sensitivity and specificity was of 84.0% and 74.0%, respectively. The Immunoleish skin test and IF are useful tools to be employed in CTL field epidemiological surveys.

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