Slime production and proteinase activity of Candida species isolated from blood samples and the comparison of these activities with minimum inhibitory concentration values of antifungal agents

BACKGROUND: Candida species are the most common opportunistic fungal infections. Today, cinnamon plants have been considered for anti-Candida properties. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cinnamaldehyde extract (from cinnamon derivatives) on Candida albicans and Candida glabrata species and comparison with nystatin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, cinnamaldehyde and nystatin were used. The specimens included Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were measured for each one by the microdilution method. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS: Cinnamaldehyde extract at a concentration of 62.5 μl/ml was able to prevent the growth of Candida albicans, at a concentration of 93.7 μl/ml, causing Candida albicans to disappear, at 48.8 μl/ml, to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and in the concentration of 62.5 μl/ml, causes the loss of Candida glabrata. In comparison, nystatin at 0.5 μg/ml concentration prevented the growth of Candida albicans, at concentrations of 1 μg/ml causing Candida albicans to be destroyed, at 4 μg/ml concentration to prevent the growth of Candida glabrata, and at a concentration of 8 μg/ml causes the loss of Candida glabrata. The results were the same every three times. CONCLUSIONS: Although cinnamaldehyde extract had an effect on fungal growth in both Candida albicans and Candida glabrata with a fatal effect; the effect on these two species was lower than nystatin.

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Attempts to Access a Series of Pyrazoles Lead to New Hydrazones with Antifungal Potential Against Candida Species Including Azole-Resistant Strains

10.20944/preprints202108.0424.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Georgiana NEGRU ◽

Laure KAMUS ◽

Elena Bîcu ◽

Sergiu Shova ◽

Boualem SENDID ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Pyrazole Derivatives ◽

Mammalian Cell Line ◽

Cell Toxicity ◽

Candida Spp ◽

X Ray ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

Resistant Strains

The treatment of benzylidenemalononitriles 3a-c with phenylhydrazines 4a-n in refluxing ethanol did not provide pyrazole derivatives but furnished hydrazones 1a-o. The structure of hydrazones was secured by X-Ray analysis. Newly synthesized hydrazones 1a-o were tested against 8 Candida spp. strains in a dose response assay to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC99). Five compounds 1c, 1d, 1i, 1k and 1l were identified as promising antifungal agents against Candida spp. (C. albicans SC5314, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata (R azoles)) with MIC99 values ranging from 16 to 32 µg/mL. To further evaluate the antifungal potential of the active compounds, they have been assayed against a mammalian cell line HEK293 to determine general cell toxicity and on NCI-60 cancer cell lines panel, demonstrating selectivity antifungal activity over cytotoxicity.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Baylis-Hillman Reaction Derived Imidazole and Triazole Cinnamates as Antifungal Agents

International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/5758076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Grady L. Nelson ◽

Michael J. Williams ◽

Shirisha Jonnalagadda ◽

Mohammad A. Alam ◽

Gautam Mereddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Line ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Mcf 7

Allylic acetates derived from Baylis-Hillman reaction undergo efficient nucleophilic isomerization with imidazoles and triazoles to provide imidazolylmethyl and triazolylmethyl cinnamates stereoselectively. Antifungal evaluation of these derivatives against Cryptococcus neoformans exhibits good minimum inhibitory concentration values. These compounds exhibit low toxicity in proliferating MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Structure activity relationship studies indicate that halogenated aromatic derivatives provide better antifungal activity.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Enteric Fever Patients in Nepal

Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.3390/idr13020037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 388-400

Author(s):

Anu Maharjan ◽

Binod Dhungel ◽

Anup Bastola ◽

Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽

Nabaraj Adhikari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Nalidixic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Blood Samples

Introduction: Enteric fever, a systemic infection caused by Salmonella enterica Typhi and S. enterica Paratyphi is one of the most common infections in developing countries such as Nepal. Aside from irrational practices of antibiotic use, mutations in chromosomal genes encoding DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV and by plasmid mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) genes are suggested mechanisms for the development of resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Regardless of high endemicity of enteric fever in Nepal, there is paucity of studies on prevalence and drug-resistance of the pathogen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella isolates and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin. Methods: A total of 1298 blood samples were obtained from patients with suspected enteric fever, attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH) during March–August, 2019. Blood samples were inoculated immediately into BACTEC culture bottles and further processed for isolation and identification of Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi. Axenic cultures of the isolates were further subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method based on the guidelines by CLSI. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by agar-dilution method. Results: Out of 1298 blood cultures, 40 (3.1%) were positive for Salmonella spp. among which 29 (72.5%) isolates were S. Typhi and 11 (27.5%) isolates were S. Paratyphi A. In AST, 12.5% (5/40), 15% (6/40) and 20% (8/40) of the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively, whereas none of the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The MIC value for ciprofloxacin ranged from 0.06-16 µg/mL in which, respectively, 5% (2/40) and 52.5% (21/40) of the isolates were susceptible and resistant to ciprofloxacin. None of the isolates showed multidrug-resistance (MDR) in this study. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella spp., while there was marked re-emergence of susceptibilities to traditional first option drugs. Hence, conventional first-line-drugs and third-generation cephalosporins may find potential usage as the empirical drugs for enteric fever. Although our reporting was free of MDR strains, extensive surveillance, augmentation of diagnostic facilities and treatment protocol aided by AST report are recommended for addressing the escalating drug-resistance in the country.

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Inhibitory Effect of (-)-myrtenol alone and in combination with antifungal agents on Candida spp.

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i15.22434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. e35101522434

Author(s):

Bruno Bezerra Cavalcanti ◽

Hermes Diniz Neto ◽

Walicyranison Plinio da Silva-Rocha ◽

Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima ◽

José Maria Barbosa Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Agent ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Fungicide Activity

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of (-)-myrtenol alone and combined with antifungal agents against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of (-)-myrtenol and fluconazole against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains was obtained using CLSI guidelines. Combination of (-)-myrtenol with antifungal drugs was determined by checkboard test. The (-) myrtenol showed MIC ranging from 256 to 512 µg/mL against both species assay. And the MFC was 512 µg/mL, demonstrated nature fungicidal (MFC/MIC < 4). In addition, combination of antifungal agents (amphotericin B and fluconazole) and (-) myrtenol showed synergistic and additive effects on strains assays. Based on these results, the present study demonstrates that (-) myrtenol showed strong fungicide activity against Candida spp. In addition, Combination of antifungal agents and (-) myrtenol reduces the effective concentrations of both the agents with synergistic to additive effects. Therefore, (-) myrtenol has potential to be developed into an antifungal agent.

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In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Mechanism of Ag3PW12O40 Composites against Candida Species

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25246012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (24) ◽

pp. 6012

Author(s):

Xinming Zhang ◽

Tianzhan Zhang ◽

Shuanli Guo ◽

Yang Zhang ◽

Rongtian Sheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Candida Species ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Positive Control ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Microbial Infections ◽

Ft Ir

Fungal infections pose a serious threat to human health. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are metal–oxygen clusters with potential application in the control of microbial infections. Herein, the Ag3PW12O40 composites have been synthesized and verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antifungal activities of Ag3PW12O40 were screened in 19 Candida species strains through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the microdilution checkerboard technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) values of Ag3PW12O40 are 2~32 μg/mL to the Candida species. The MIC80 value of Ag3PW12O40 to resistant clinical isolates C. albicans HL963 is 8 μg/mL, which is lower than the positive control, fluconazole (FLC). The mechanism against C. albicans HL963 results show that Ag3PW12O40 can decrease the ergosterol content. The expressions of ERG1, ERG7, and ERG11, which impact on the synthesis of ergosterol, are all prominently upregulated by Ag3PW12O40. It indicates that Ag3PW12O40 is a candidate in the development of new antifungal agents.

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Identification of Candida species in patients with oral lesion undergoing chemotherapy along with minimum inhibitory concentration to fluconazole

Advanced Biomedical Research ◽

10.4103/2277-9175.187394 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 132 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Parvin Dehghan ◽

Mehrnoush Maheronnaghsh ◽

Sepideh Tolouei ◽

Mostafa Chadeganipour ◽

Maryam Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Candida Species ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Oral Lesion

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Inhibition–Disruption of Candida glabrata Biofilms: Symmetrical Selenoesters as Potential Anti-Biofilm Agents

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120664 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 664 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María L. De la Cruz-Claure ◽

Ariel A. Cèspedes-Llave ◽

María T. Ulloa ◽

Miguel Benito-Lama ◽

Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Active Compound ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Antibiofilm Agents

Candida glabrata is one of the most prevalent pathogenic Candida species in dental plaque on tooth surfaces. Candida biofilms exhibit an enhanced resistance against most antifungal agents. Thus, the development of alternative more potent and effective antimicrobials is required to overcome this resistance. In this study, three novel fluorinated derivatives and nine selenoester compounds were screened as novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents against C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata (N = 81 dental isolates). C. glabrata strains were susceptible only to fluorinated compounds while C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata were susceptible to the action of the selenoesters. The evaluated symmetrical selenoester compounds presented very good antifungal activity against all the tested C. glabrata dental isolates (1–4 μg/mL of minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC). The most active compound (Se-5) was able to inhibit and disperse C. glabrata biofilms. These results demonstrated that selenoesters may be novel and promising biocide agents against C. glabrata clinical dental isolates.

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